Purpose: Bisphosphonates (BPs) have a powerful effect on reducing bone resorption and improving the survival of patients with breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the impact of BP treatment on the prevention of recurrence, metastasis, and death of breast cancer survivors in the perimenopausal period. Methods: The search strategy aimed to identify both published and unpublished studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar in March 2021. Two independent reviewers assessed quantitative papers selected for retrieval for methodological validity before being included in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). Statistical meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 statistical software when the data were homogenous.Meta-analysis was performed by calculating the effect size (hazard ratio; HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Twenty-one studies were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis.The overall The HRs for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in women who received BPs were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83–0.97; p = 0.005), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63–0.89; p = 0.001), respectively. The results showed that BPs had a significant effect on the prevention of locoregional (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.97; p = 0.04), bone (95% CI, 0.74–0.95; p ≤ 0.001), and distant metastases (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.94; p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis based on study design, the only insignificant HR in the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was that of locoregional metastasis. Conclusion Although BPs have a promising effect on DFS, OS, and bone metastasis of perimenopausal women survivors of breast cancer, more RCTs are needed to evaluate their effect on other survivors’ outcomes.

Purpose: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction (NGB) has an impact on the quality of life, which made it an important research subject in preclinical studies. The present review investigates the effect of stem cell (SC) therapy on bladder functional recovery after the onset of spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease (PD), and stroke in rodent models. Methods: All experiments evaluated the regenerative potential of SC on the management of NGB in rodent models up to June 2019, were included. From 1,189 relevant publications, 20 studies met our inclusion criteria of which 15 were conducted on SCI, 2 on PD, 2 on stroke, and 1 on MS in the rodent models. We conducted a meta-analysis on SCI experiments and for other neurological diseases, detailed urodynamic findings were reported. Results: The common SC sources used for therapeutical purposes were neural progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal SCs, human amniotic fluid SCs, and human umbilical cord blood SCs. There was a significant improvement of micturition pressure in both contusion and transaction SCI models 4 and 8 weeks post-SC transplantation. Residual urine volume, micturition volume, and bladder capacity were improved 28 days after SC transplantation only in the transaction model of SCI. Nonvoiding contraction recovered only in 56 days post-cell transplantation in the contusion model. Conclusions Partial bladder recovery has been evident after SC therapy in SCI models. Due to limitations in the number of studies in other neurological diseases, additional studies are necessary to confirm the detailed mechanism for bladder recovery.