Using Burian-Allen bipolar contact lens electrode, Authors examined the normal 120 eyes of 120 subjects(male 57, female 63), age ranged 7 to 83 years(mean 44.5 years), with the method which was same as the ISCEV standard. There was no statistically significant differences between the value obtained using Burian-Allen electrode and the value obtained using ERG-jet electrode(p>0.05). We expect that this data would be useful testing method to evaluate the retinal disease. And this data may provide new reference value in the study of electroretinogram.
Electrodes* ; Electroretinography* ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Values* ; Retinal Diseases

Although this vascular anomaly, angiomatosis retinae, was initially observed over 85 years ago, and although excellent clinical description of the lesion exist in the literature, treatments for the angiomatosis retinae is difficult and unless the condition is in its early stages, impossible but available symptomatic therapy. Two cases of the angiomatosis retinae, the first, 11 year old girl, von Hippel disease, early stage of vascular dilatation and angiomatous formation, and the second, 15 year old boy, von Hippel-Lindau disease, the final stage of glaucoma and destruction of the eye, are reported. Intravenous fluorescein angiography has been demonstrated, the retinal vascular malformations in von Hippel-Lindau disease are distributed focally and not diffusely, The retinal veins showing greater changes than the arteries are disclosed. This paper presents the fluorscein angiographic findings of von Hippel-Lindau disease and discusses the treatments and the pathologic findings of angiomatosis retinae with literatures related to von Hippel-Lindau disease.
Adolescent ; Arteries ; Child ; Dilatation ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Vein ; Retinaldehyde ; Vascular Malformations ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease*

Since its introduction, fluorescein angiography has been widely used in diagnosing and evaluating treatment of diseases of the retina, uveal tract, and optic nerve. A case with Behcet's disease was studied by means of fluorescein fundus angiography. This, pre summed a retinal angiopathy, has been diagnosed Behcet's disease after developing symptoms of hypopyon iritis, intermittent fever, aphthous stomatitis, and genital ulceration. The fluorescein angiography in Behcet's disease is typically shown a specific finding. Extravasation of the dye waS most conspicuous in capillaries over-lying the optic nerve head, the radial peripapillary capillaries, retinal capillaries proper and retinal veins. Retinal arteriols generally lacked extravasation phenomenon. Edematous swelling of the disc, diffuse turbidity of the posterior fundus and macular cysts are regarded as consquences of the fluorographically confirmed increased permeability of the retinal vessels with resultant edema of the neuropithelium. Pathogenesis of the retinal angiopathy in Behcet's disease and diseases with retinal edema and hyperpermeability were discussed with references. The fluorographic findings thus indicate that the pathological involvement of retinal vessels play a major factor in the diagnosis and prognosis of ocular manifestation of Behcet's disease.
Angiography* ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Fever ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescein* ; Iritis ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Papilledema ; Permeability ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer

The retinal blood bessels exit the optic disc and branch in a complex pattern to serve the metabolic need of the inner retina. As the vessels traverse the retina, the arteries and veins frequently cross one another. Recently, there has been renewed iterest in the orientation of the crossing retinal vessels at arteriovenous intersections, particularly as it relates to the risk of branch retinal vein occlusion. The authors studied standard fundus photographs of 30 subjects(60 eyes) who don't habve any retinal and systemic disorders. Arteriovenous crossings were analized for fundus location and relative orientation of the crossing vessels(vein-posterior or vein-anterior). In the superotemporal quadrant, A-V crossings were a greater number, distributed closer to the optic disc than the inferotemporal quadrant. Also a greater proportion of crossings was vein-posterior than the inferotemporal quadrant. These findings may explain the predilection for branch retinal vein occlusions to occur frequency in the superotemporal quadrant.
Arteries ; Retina* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Veins

To study the morphological anatomy of ophthalmic artery and its branches in the Korean adults, the author dissected fifteen cadaver orbits, and reviewed fifty carotid angiograms and ten high resolution magnetic resonance images of orbit. In 8 of 15(53.3%) cadavers the ophthalmic artery arises at the upper medial circumference of the internal carotid artery in the cerebral portion of the intracranial cavity. The ophthalmic artery crosses over the optic verve in 21 of 25 cases(84.0%: Cadaver 11/15, Orbit MRI 10/10) and passes under the optic verve in 4 of 25 cases(16.0%: Cadaver 4/15, Orbit MRI(10/10). Average distance from its origin to its first branch was 21.9mm. The central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery were identified its frist branch in 7 of 15 cases(46.7%). The tortuous central retinal artery courses forward inferior to the optic verve and mostly enters inferomedial side of the optic nerve in 9 of 15 cases(60.0%), penetrating into dural sheath at 13.0mm behind the globe. There were no significant difference in sexually or laterality(p>0.05). This result shares great deal of similarity with the previous reports(p>0.05).
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Ciliary Arteries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery*

The authors performed Titmus and TNO stereopsis tests in the group of children amblyopes aged from 3 to 11 year old in order to evaluate clinical usefulness of stereopsis in amblyopia and preschool vision screening. 36(72%) and 42(84%) amblyopes could not pass the Titmus 100 see and TNO 120 see each and if 6 amblyopes who had 0.8 or better vision were excluded, the sensitivity were 82%(36/44) and 95%(42/44). Each visions of amblyopic eyes gave the main influence to decide stereoacuity in the Titmus test(correlation coefficient=0.69) and all of the amblyopes who had 3 or more interocular acuity differences could not pass the TNO 120 sec. As a result Titmus test had too low sensitivity to use as the screening test but it was useful to evaluate the vision of amblyopiceye. TNO was sensitive to interocular acuity differences and the authors thought that TNO 120 see can be used in the screening.
Amblyopia ; Child* ; Depth Perception* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Vision Screening

Double elevator palsy (DEP) is an unusual anomaly of ocular motility in which both elevator muscles of the same eye are weak with a resultant inability or reduced ability to elevate the eye and hypotropia. This anomaly is occured congenitally, but occasionally occured as an acquired form. Congenital DEP, which is main cause of the monocular elevation paralysis, is characterized by the progressive deterioration and the absence of diplopia. The etiology is obscure, but is thought to be supranuclear lesion. We observed DEP of the same side of eyes in two patients who were brothers. The limitation of elevation and hypotropia were improved after Knapp's transposition procedure or Jensen's procedure.
Diplopia ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Paralysis* ; Siblings*

A etiologic analysis of 94 cases of the paralysis of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves was made. There were 42 cases(44.7%) of sixth nerve paralysis. 39 cases(41.5%) of third nerve paralysis. 5 cases(5.3%) of fourth nerve paralysis and 8 cases(8.5%) of multiple cranial nerve paralysis. The most common cause was head trauma(46 cases). Other etiologic factors were undetermined(23 cases), neoplasm(5 cases), vascular desease(6 case), aneurysm(5 cases) and others(9 cases). The recovery rates of sixth, third, and fourth cranial nerve paralysis were 52%, 41%, 20%, respectively.
Abducens Nerve ; Cranial Nerves ; Head ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis ; Strabismus* ; Trochlear Nerve

Various ophthalmic complications can occur after intranasal sinus surgery due to closed anatomic relation between orbit and paranasal sinuses. A study was undertaken to identify those patients with ophthalmic complication after intranasal sinus surgery. A consecutive series of 80 cases undergoing sinus surgery at department of ENT between Jan. 1992 and Jul. 1992 was studied prospectively. We recorded preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, exophthalmometric measurement, levator function, funding, lacrimal excretory function, extraocular muscle motility. Several patients were noticed a variety of ophthalmic problems after intranasal sinus surgery: 1 case of orbital hematoma and transient blepharoptosis, 2 cases of diplopia with limited duction, 4 cases of subcutaneous hemorrhage, tearing and blurring, 5 cases of conjunctival injection with chemosis, 7 cases of ocular discomfort, 42 cases of lid swelling. Orbital hematoma was treated with puncture and aspiration but other problems were recovered spontaneously within several days.
Blepharoptosis ; Diplopia ; Financial Management ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Prospective Studies ; Punctures ; Tears ; Visual Acuity

We measured the axial length according to age in the eyeball of premature infants who were born at our hospital. Our patients were 36 weeks old below in conceptual age, 38 eyes in 19 males, 28 eyes in 14 females. total 66 eyes in 33 premature infants. And we examined the axial length using the A-mode of the LTZ/SSW-48. 7MHz for 1 month at each weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The mean axial length was 16.56mm (15.40-17.80) at 1st week of life. 16.82mm (15.43-17.95) at 2nd week, 17.01mm(15.71-18.01) at 3rd week, 17.04mm (15.72-18.24) at 4th week. 2. The mean axial length of 1st week was 16.77mm in male, 16.34mm in female; at 2nd week, 16.91mm in male, 16.72mm in female; at 3rd week, 17.09mm in male, 16.90mm in female; at 4th week, 17.12mm in male, 16.96mm in female and they did not show significant difference between male and female premature infants.
Biometry* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Male ; Ultrasonics*