Using Burian-Allen bipolar contact lens electrode, Authors examined the normal 120 eyes of 120 subjects(male 57, female 63), age ranged 7 to 83 years(mean 44.5 years), with the method which was same as the ISCEV standard. There was no statistically significant differences between the value obtained using Burian-Allen electrode and the value obtained using ERG-jet electrode(p>0.05). We expect that this data would be useful testing method to evaluate the retinal disease. And this data may provide new reference value in the study of electroretinogram.
Electrodes* ; Electroretinography* ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Values* ; Retinal Diseases

Since its introduction, fluorescein angiography has been widely used in diagnosing and evaluating treatment of diseases of the retina, uveal tract, and optic nerve. A case with Behcet's disease was studied by means of fluorescein fundus angiography. This, pre summed a retinal angiopathy, has been diagnosed Behcet's disease after developing symptoms of hypopyon iritis, intermittent fever, aphthous stomatitis, and genital ulceration. The fluorescein angiography in Behcet's disease is typically shown a specific finding. Extravasation of the dye waS most conspicuous in capillaries over-lying the optic nerve head, the radial peripapillary capillaries, retinal capillaries proper and retinal veins. Retinal arteriols generally lacked extravasation phenomenon. Edematous swelling of the disc, diffuse turbidity of the posterior fundus and macular cysts are regarded as consquences of the fluorographically confirmed increased permeability of the retinal vessels with resultant edema of the neuropithelium. Pathogenesis of the retinal angiopathy in Behcet's disease and diseases with retinal edema and hyperpermeability were discussed with references. The fluorographic findings thus indicate that the pathological involvement of retinal vessels play a major factor in the diagnosis and prognosis of ocular manifestation of Behcet's disease.
Angiography* ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Fever ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescein* ; Iritis ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Papilledema ; Permeability ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer

Although this vascular anomaly, angiomatosis retinae, was initially observed over 85 years ago, and although excellent clinical description of the lesion exist in the literature, treatments for the angiomatosis retinae is difficult and unless the condition is in its early stages, impossible but available symptomatic therapy. Two cases of the angiomatosis retinae, the first, 11 year old girl, von Hippel disease, early stage of vascular dilatation and angiomatous formation, and the second, 15 year old boy, von Hippel-Lindau disease, the final stage of glaucoma and destruction of the eye, are reported. Intravenous fluorescein angiography has been demonstrated, the retinal vascular malformations in von Hippel-Lindau disease are distributed focally and not diffusely, The retinal veins showing greater changes than the arteries are disclosed. This paper presents the fluorscein angiographic findings of von Hippel-Lindau disease and discusses the treatments and the pathologic findings of angiomatosis retinae with literatures related to von Hippel-Lindau disease.
Adolescent ; Arteries ; Child ; Dilatation ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Vein ; Retinaldehyde ; Vascular Malformations ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease*

To study the morphological anatomy of ophthalmic artery and its branches in the Korean adults, the author dissected fifteen cadaver orbits, and reviewed fifty carotid angiograms and ten high resolution magnetic resonance images of orbit. In 8 of 15(53.3%) cadavers the ophthalmic artery arises at the upper medial circumference of the internal carotid artery in the cerebral portion of the intracranial cavity. The ophthalmic artery crosses over the optic verve in 21 of 25 cases(84.0%: Cadaver 11/15, Orbit MRI 10/10) and passes under the optic verve in 4 of 25 cases(16.0%: Cadaver 4/15, Orbit MRI(10/10). Average distance from its origin to its first branch was 21.9mm. The central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery were identified its frist branch in 7 of 15 cases(46.7%). The tortuous central retinal artery courses forward inferior to the optic verve and mostly enters inferomedial side of the optic nerve in 9 of 15 cases(60.0%), penetrating into dural sheath at 13.0mm behind the globe. There were no significant difference in sexually or laterality(p>0.05). This result shares great deal of similarity with the previous reports(p>0.05).
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Ciliary Arteries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery*

The retinal blood bessels exit the optic disc and branch in a complex pattern to serve the metabolic need of the inner retina. As the vessels traverse the retina, the arteries and veins frequently cross one another. Recently, there has been renewed iterest in the orientation of the crossing retinal vessels at arteriovenous intersections, particularly as it relates to the risk of branch retinal vein occlusion. The authors studied standard fundus photographs of 30 subjects(60 eyes) who don't habve any retinal and systemic disorders. Arteriovenous crossings were analized for fundus location and relative orientation of the crossing vessels(vein-posterior or vein-anterior). In the superotemporal quadrant, A-V crossings were a greater number, distributed closer to the optic disc than the inferotemporal quadrant. Also a greater proportion of crossings was vein-posterior than the inferotemporal quadrant. These findings may explain the predilection for branch retinal vein occlusions to occur frequency in the superotemporal quadrant.
Arteries ; Retina* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Veins

Takayasu's arteritis is a nonspecific stenosing inflammatory arteritis of unknown etiology, which most commonly affects the aortic arch and its large branches, thoracic aorta, pulmonary artery, and renal artery. This disease is more common in Asian females' and characterized by cicatrization of all layers of involved arteries and dense bands of inflammatory cells in media, often combined with ocular complications, cerebral complications, and cardiovascular occlusive symptoms. It is associated with four main complications, which is Takayasu's retinopathy, secondary hypertension, aortic regurgitation and aortic or arterial aneurysms. The authors have experienced one case of Takayasu's arteritis which is associated with Takayasu's retinopathy, complicated cataract, and rubeosis iridis in a 33 year old female.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Arteries ; Arteritis ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cataract ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulmonary Artery ; Renal Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis*

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy usually occurs in young or middle-aged adults and is usually bilateral. This syndrome is characterized by the acute onset of multiple, flat, yellow-white lesion of the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium and by the rapid loss of vision. These lesions resolve spontaneously, leaving extensive degeneration of pigment epithelium within a few weeks and visual acuity spontaneously improves in most cases. In the acute stage, fluorescein angiographic appearance of condition is characterized by placoid lesions blocking transmission of choroidal fluorescence in the initial phase, which are gradually stained and fluorescence faintly in the late phase. Older lesions represent residual defects in the pigment epithelium and appear as transmission defect without late staining or leakage of dye. Authors experienced and treated a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in 19-years old male patient, and had a good visual improvement.
Adult ; Choroid ; Epithelium ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

We surveyed the causes of blindness among the 6692 eye patients of 3 hospitals(Seoul, Chunan, Kumi) in 1984. Blindness is defined as visual acuity of 0.1(20/200) or less in better eye with best correction. The representation of the diagnosis of the ocular diseases is based on the examination of the ophthalmologists. The estimated number of blindness is 259(6.74%)in Seoul, 106(8.92%) in Chunan, 70(4.21%) in Kumi with total of 435(6.5%) among the 6692 eye patients. The leading causes of blindness for individual districts are cataract(28.19%), retinal and vitreous diseases(20.46%), trauma (15.06%), diseases of optic nerve(10.81%), corneal diseases(8.10%) in Seoul; cataract(35.81%), corneal diseases(18.87%), global diseases(13.21%), trauma(10.38%), retinal and vitreous diseases(6.60%) in Chunan; and cataract(34.29%), corneal diseases(14.21%), trauma (12.86%), global diseases(8.57%), retinal and vitreous diseases(8.50%) in Kumi. Rates of the blind eyes for the age groups are; 1.2%(under the age of 5), 4.1%(6~9), 10.3%(10~19), 30.8%(20~39), 23.5%(40~59), and 30.1%(above 60). Important causes of blindness in each age group are trauma(43.48%), optic nerve diseases(13.04%), and global diseases(13.04%) for below the age of 10, trauma(28.89%), retinal diseases(17.78%), and optic nerve diseases(13.33%) in 10~19 age group, corneal diseases(19.40%). cataract(18.66%), and retinal diseases(16.42%) in 20~39 age group, cataract(28.43%), retinal diseases(18.63%), and corneal diseases(10.78%) in 40~59 age group and cataract(59.54%), retinal diseases(9.92%), and glaucoma(8.40%) for above 60. There are no significant differences between male and female, right eyes and left eyes in the causes of the blind eyes, and also we make some comparisons with different statistics of domestic and foreign countries.
Blindness* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Retinaldehyde ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity

The Foster Kennedy syndrome is ipsilateral optic disc atrophy and contralateral optic disc edema that is caused not only frontal lobe tumor but also another intracranial tumors and non tumorous conditions. In this case, suspected neurofibromatosis by the skin and ocular manifestations, there are glioblastoma multiforme in left temporoparietal lobe and undefined mass with bony destruction of the ipsilateral sphenoidal wing ridge. Authors asserted that ipsilateral optic atrophy was caused by direct compression of the undefined mass on sphenoidal wing ridge to the optic nerve and the contralateral disc edema was result from high intracranial pressure caused by glioblastoma multiforme.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Frontal Lobe ; Glaucoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Iris ; Neurofibromatoses ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Parturition ; Skin

We had analyzed statistically the clinical and histopathologic review of 103 cases of the eye diseases for 5 years at department of ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. The cases of biopsy among 57569 out-patients were 103 cases(0.01%). 2. The sexual distribution revealed 59 males(57.3%) and 44 females(42.7%). 3. The evaluation of the site of the involved eyes showed that 53 cases(51.5%) were right eye, the left eye were 48 cases(46.0%) and binocular were 2 cases(2.5%). 4. The primary sites of disorders were lid(41.7%), eyeball(32.0%), conjunctiva(21.4%), orbit(2.1%), cornea and lacrimal system in order of frequency. 5. According to age, the largest group was in the age first and second decades, and the smallest group in 5th decade. 6. As a single disease, nevus, eyeball rupture and cyst were relatively high in incidence. 7. The proportional rate of the correct diagnosis was 58 cases(56%) among 103 cases. 8. The most common cause of enucleation was eyeball rupture(trauma), 15 cases.
Biopsy ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nevus ; Ophthalmology ; Outpatients ; Rupture ; Telescopes