Background: system lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by a variety of antibodies generated against the body itself, causing damage in all organs: skin, mucous membranes, joint-skeletal-muscle, heart, kidneys, lungs, nervous, mental, blood and lymph,... The disease progresses in waves, more and more serious and lead to death. Objectives: to study on characteristics of patients with the end stage SLE and to evaluate results of some tests in these patients. Subjectives and Method: a retrospective and cross sectional study was carried out on forty two end stage SLE patients at Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai hospital were studied between 1998 and 2004. Results: the majority of SLE patients were female (90.48%) and in group of 16-39 years old. Number of female patients was 14 times more than male patients. All 42 patients decreased peripheral blood cell amount: reducing both red and white blood cells (71.43%), reducing both three type (11.90%). 21/32 cases with severe hemoglobin reduction (65.53%). 38/42 cases of medium and severe neutropenia (90.48%). 33/42 cases with end-stage renal failure (78.57%). 13 cases of low blood Na+, 9 cases of increased blood K+. 30 cases with positive proteinuria (90.91%). 17/20 cases with pericardial effusion (85.00%). 35/42 cases with lung lesion images on ultrasound and x-rays (83.33%). 9 cases (30.00%) with increased AST and ALT above 100 U/l. 5 cases (16.67%) with meningitis. Conclusions: dramatic decrease in blood cell count, particularly in white blood cells. Most patients had renal failure at stage III, mainly with high blood potassium, and high protein and red blood cells in urine. Others included pericarditis, pneumonia, liver and neurological disorders.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/epidemiology ;

Background: Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease occurs with an annual rate of about 2-20 cases / 1 million people. Objectives: To evaluate the common clinical and laboratory manifestaions of scleroderma associated renal disease. Subjects and method: A restrospective study of clinical, urinary analysis, biochemical and blood count analysis and renal artery dopper ultrasonography indexes in 147 patients with scleroderma. Results: The commonest nonrenal clinical manifestations were skin thickening (100%), pigmentation (71,43%), arthalgia/ arthritis (83%), Raynaud phenomenon (62,58%) and gastroentrological syndrome (50,34%). 11,56% of patients had signs and symptoms of kidney involvement such us hypertension (10,2%), edema (9,52%), oliguria (3,4%). 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had abnomalities on urinary analysis, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dooper ultrasonography, respectively. Conclusion: 11,56% of patients had rena manifestationsin clinical, the commonest is hypertension, edema and oliguria. 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had positive proteinuria of hematuria, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dopper ultrasonography, respectively.
Kidney Diseases/ epidemiology ; Scleroderma ; Systemic ;

Background: Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Objectives: To study the situations of use of blood and blood products, the indications for transfusion and transfusion reactions in some clinical departments of Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and method: Retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2005 and perspective study from January 2006 to June 2006 through blood records, patient chart and patients. Results & Conclusion: from January 2005 to June 2006, Bach mai Hospital used 45318 units of blood and products, most were erythrocyte concentration (57,9%), plasma (24,9%) and (12,3%). The most used blood group were group 0 (44,5%). Blood-erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration were most used in Hematology and Transfusion Department, plasma were most used in ICU. 31,1 % and 27,8% of patients were laboratory evaluation before transfusion of erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration, respectively. The rate of transfusion reactions were 1,04%, most were pruritus - 83,7%. Highest rate of transfusion reaction were belonged to blood (3,4%) and platelet concentration (3%). From January 2005 to June 2006, Bach Mai Hospital used 45318 units of blood and products, most were erythrocyte concentration, plasma, platelet concentration and blood 31,1 % and 27,8% of patients were laboratory evaluation before transfusion of erythrocyte concentration and platelet concentration, respectively.
Blood ; Blood Transfusion/ adverse effects

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unknown cause chronic autoimmune disorder which characterized by the spread of the lesion in many organs of body. Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is often more acute and severe than adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: 1. To survey clinical, laboratory and immunological symptoms of childhood-onset SLE. 2. To survey immune disorders of childhood-onset SLE. Subjects and method: A retrospective study on clinical, laboratory and immunological indexes was carried out in 29 patients with childhood-onset SLE admitted in the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunity, Bach Mai hospital, from June/2001 to June/2006.Results: The female to male ratio was 13.5:1, and the mean age at disease onset was 12.3\xb12.4 years. The most common initial manifestations were arthritis (62.1%), malar or butterfly rash (41.4%), fatigue, malaise, weight loss (41.4%) and fever (38%). The most common manifestations in the advanced stage of the disease were arthritis (82.8%), alopecia (62.1%), nephritis (89.7), anemia (72.4%), leucopenia (58.6%), thrombocytopenia (51.7%), neurological disorders (58.6%), fever (55.2%) and malar rash (48.3%). 93.1% of the patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The rates of patients with ANA, anti ds-DNA antibody and LE cells were 88%, 64%, and 10.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The author recommended that on the suspicious cases, necessary tests for detecting childhood onset SLE should be conducted soon for differential diagnosis. The SLE with onset in childhood, often more severe than later life must be aggressively treated.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Child

This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of Cl. perfringers contamination among a number of households in Vinh Phu province in relation with the susceptibility to the disease in humans and in animals. The authors have isolated Cl.perfringers by analyzing 20 samples of pig faeces and 11 samples of pigsty soil collected from 20 households having patient/death EN in 2 districts Lap Thach and Vinh Lac, and 11 specimens of pigsty soil from 17 households not having EN patients in the same locality and during the same period. The samples were incubated according to standard procedure at the Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Veterinary. The following results were obtained: all of 57 specimens revealed a 100% positive rate for Cl.perfringers isolation. Furthermore, from the dilution rate of 107 upwards, the soil specimens from case group (with EN patient) showed a positive rate higher by 3 times than the controls; with samples from pig faeces, the difference between 2 group varied from 2 to 5 times
Clostridium ; Family Characteristics

Methods: Isolating Cl. perfringens (C.P.) from pig faeces, pigsty floor, pathway between pigsty-kitchen, foodstuffs for pig, waste water among households, which divided into 2 groups: A (endemic region) and B (control). Specimens were cultured by standard technique at the microbiological Lab of the Nat. Inst. of Veterinary in order to identify C.P. Results: In the endemic group: the positive rates of C.P. in pig faeces was 76.74%; in pigsty floor was 93.33%; in nearby pathway was 100%; in foodstuffs for pig was 75% and 100% in waste water, while at the some time, in the control group, this rate was only 16.66% in pig faeces (p<0.01). The percentage of C.P isolated from pig faeces of the endemic group was 5 times higher than that of the control group. Perhaps, the severe contamination with C.P in living environment would be an important factor for the EN occurrence in humans, as well as in animals.
epidemiology ; Intestinal Diseases

In order to have the primary results of subtypes of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of progressive systemic sclerosis patients, 20 patients were studied. The results showed that the counts of TCD3 was 1505 + 505 (cells/ml), TCD4 was 738 + 332 (cells/ml), TCDs was 668 + 291 (cells/ml). There was no significant difference of T-lymphocytes between progressive systemic sclerosis patients and the healthy people. Especially, one patient with severe clinical and paraclinical manifestations had remarkable decrease of TCD3, TCD4, and TCD8.
T-Lymphocytes ; Blood, Scleroderma, Systemic, Patients

42 patients were diagnosed as scleroderma and treated at Bach Mai Hospital in three years (1991-1993). 90.47% was female, the age ranged from 18 to 63 years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy normal persons. Results: the rate of anti dsDNA positive with serum 1/10 was 30.95%; the rate of anti ANA positive with serum 1/40 was 71.42% in the patients with scleroderma. In the control group, there is no person who had anti dsDNA positive with serum 1/10. The rate of anti ANA positive with serum 1/40 is 10%. Positive anti dsDNA rate is not high (30.95%). There is no case of scleroderma which had negative anti ANA but positive anti dsDNA in the patients group. The appearance of anti dsDNA and anti ANA with digestive and cardiovascular disorder had a high rate. Anti ANA is more valuable in following the nephroinjuries in the scleroderma than dsDNA
Scleroderma, Systemic ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

Scleroderma is the autoimmune diseases. It has clinical characteristics of other autoimmune diseases such as: systemic lupus erythmatosus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis…Appearance of antinuclear factors, rheumatofactors and increased blood gamma globulin showed that the immunity in this disease is abnormal. Study on 20 patients with scleroderma who were treated at the Allergy Department in two years (1984-1985) showed that: the ratio of leukocyte in the patients was not lower than that in control groups; the percentage of T lymph in peripheral blood was lower; B lymph in peripheral blood increased lightly; T gamma in peripheral blood was lower; the percentage of lymphocyte transformation with Con A and lymphocyte transformation with PHA were lower; lymphocyte transformation with PWM increased
Scleroderma, Systemic ; Diagnosis

Background: Acne is a common disease in teenagers and young adults. This study was conducted to provide physicians with a better understanding of the disease and to improve their advice to patients. Objective: To define the prevalence of acne, it’s related factors and its psychological impact on the pupils at Chau Van Liem Senior High School. Method: A cross sectional descriptive study including 405 pupils in 10th, 11th, 12th grades was carried out by means of medical examination, and interviews based on questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of acne in Chau Van Liem Senior High School pupils is 82.5% overall. Separately, the incidence was slightly higher for boys with 83.9% than girls with 81.7%. Most of these pupils had moderate acne (51.5%), with 46.7% having mild acne. Only 1.8% had the disease at severe. Moderate acne was 1.72 times more common in males than females (p = 0.02, OR = 1.72). The essential lesions included oily skin, comedone, and papules, accompanied with pigmentation and/ or scar. One risk factor associated with acne was identified as the habit of using cosmetics (OR=2.12).The research also identified the differences between boys and girls in their habits related to acne. These included: the concern about acne (p=0.003), facial massage (p=0.02), using facial milk (p=0.001), using cosmetics (p=0.001). Acne led to diffident (p=0.01), depression (p=0.05), and ashamed (p=0.003). Boys with acne were less communicative than girls (p=0.03). Conclusion: The prevalence of acne in Chau Van Liem Senior High School pupils is 82.5%. Pupils still display bad habits like acne squeezing, applying cosmetics, using mixed- cream bought from the store or self concocted mixtures of locally obtainable creams including steroids, aspirin, antibiotics, vitamins, carelessly applying corticoid-contained medicine which harm their skin. Acne also affects their mental health, emotional well being, and performance in school, family relationships, and friendships.