Objective To analyze the influencing factors of hospitalization costs for cancer patients in a county in Northwestern China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the health department to optimize the allocation of medical resources and improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in primary hospitals. Methods Using the data of the tumor registration report of a county hospital in northwestern China, the data of 7 common cancer patients in a county in northwestern China in2014 were collected. Use the R3. 3. 1 statistical software to perform t-tests and logistic regression analysis on the factors that influence the average hospitalization costs. Results The 7 common cancers in a county in northwestern China in 2014 were gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The average hospitalization costs for the 7 cancers were 28 270 yuan, 29 630 yuan, and 28 990 respectively. Yuan, 43 950 yuan, 48 810 yuan, 45 620 yuan, 41 340 yuan; The main influencing factors for the average cost of hospitalization for the 7 types of cancer were: hospitalization day, patient age, and location of the patient for medical treatment. Conclusion Accelerating the improvement of the cancer prevention and control system in primary hospitals so that cancer patients can be effectively treated in primary hospitals to reduce personal and socioeconomic burdens.