Objective To investigate the inhibition mechanism of rohdea roth on hyphae formation by Candida albicans.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC)of C.albicans.The inhibitory effect of fungicidal adherence was detected by MTT assay.Inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe effect on hyphae formation.The influence on Efg1 and Hwp1gene expression were detected by RT-PCR method.ResultsMIC and MFC of C.albicans were 16 mg/mL and 32 mg/mL, respectively.The inhibitory effects of rohdea roth on C.albicans adherence and hyphae formation were significantly inhibited,and the concentration was dose-dependent.After the concentration of 16 mg/mL acted on C.albicans for 6 h, hyphae disappeared completely.The results of RT-PCR showed that the gene expression of Efg1 and Hwp1 could be inhibited by rohdea roth.Compared with the control group,the expression of Efg1 and Hwp1in the experimental groupwere reduced by 84.18% and 59.57%(P<0.01).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of rohdea roth on the adherence and hyphae formation of C.albicans is mainly through inhibiting the expression of Efg1 and Hwp1genes.

Idiopathic oligoasthenospermia （IO） has been increasingly emphasized in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Oxidative stress damage directly affects sperm quality and spermatogenesis， constituting a major causative factor of IO. Firstly， due to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids， the sperm plasma membrane is highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species （ROS）， leading to lipid peroxidation accumulation and even inducing ferroptosis. Secondly， deficient downstream key proteins in the base excision repair pathway render sperm unable to repair extensive DNA oxidative damage under oxidative stress. Simultaneously， under oxidative stress， the apoptotic pathway of sperm is cascade-activated， causing rapid loss of motility. ROS further disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis， inhibiting testosterone production and ultimately affecting spermatogenesis. Wuzi Yanzongwan，in line with traditional Chinese medicine theory of treating IO through "nourishing kidney essence and harmonizing Yin and Yang"， clinically demonstrates its ability to improve sperm morphology， count， and motility， thereby enhancing male fertility. The research on the pharmacological constituents of Wuzi Yanzongwan primarily involves establishing a characteristic spectrum of Chinese medicine to achieve quality control and exploring the pharmacology of effective components. Studies have found that its main active ingredients consist of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Specifically， compounds such as hyperin， acteoside， kaempferol， and schisandrin A are identified as the primary active substances and quality control components. These compounds exhibit strong antioxidant activity and have been partly applied in research related to reproductive endocrine disorders. Tripterygium glycoside is primarily used for modeling of oxidative stress-induced IO. It leads to the accumulation of various lipid peroxides in testicular tissues and concurrently compromises the body's antioxidant capacity. Mechanistic studies have found that Wuzi Yanzongwan can inhibit elevated ROS levels in IO models and enhance the body's antioxidant capacity， thereby ameliorating inflammation， suppressing cell apoptosis， promoting testosterone production， and ultimately alleviating the decline in sperm quality and spermatogenesis caused by oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genotyping and drug resistance trends of 461 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated and identified in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2023. MethodsDEC detected in Suzhou in the past 5 years was used as the research subject, and the virulence genotyping was tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The microbroth dilution method was used to perform drug susceptibility test, and the corresponding susceptibility (S), intermediate (I) and resistance (R) results were obtained based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, according to the criteria of United States Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Committee (CLSI) 2017. Differences of DEC drug resistance among different virulence genotypes were compared by χ² test or Fisher exact probability method. ResultsA total of 461 DEC strains were detected in Suzhou from 2019 to 2023, of which the highest proportion was enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) accounting for 45.77% (211/461), followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) accounting for 32.32% (149/461) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) accounting for 20.39% (94/461), while enterohemor-rhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were individually distributed. The antimicrobial drug with the highest resistance rate was ampicillin (61.61%), followed by cefazolin (49.89%) and nalidixic acid (44.47%). There were statistically significant differences in drug resistence rates of the three major virulence genotypes of DEC (ETEC, EPEC and EAEC) to ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), cefoxetine (CFX), gentamicin (GEN), streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), nalidixic acid (NAL), and chloramphenicol (CHL), and methotrexate/sulfamethoxazole (SXT). The multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate of DEC was 59.87% (276/461), and the MDR rate of each genotype, from high to low, was EIEC (75.00%), EAEC (71.28%), EHEC (66.66%), EPEC (61.74%) and ETEC (52.86%). ConclusionETEC, EPEC and EAEC are the main genotypes prevalent in DEC in Suzhou in recent years. The drug resistance strains and MDR are still serious, which should arouse wide public health concern and take targeted prevention and control measures.