Objective T o infer the frequency of dosage and m edication history investigate of the victim s in drug facilitated cases by the segm ental analysis of clonazepam in hair. Methods Freezing m illing un-der liquid nitrogen environm ent com bined w ith ultrasonic bath w as used as sam ple pretreatm ent in this study, and liquid chrom atography-tandem m ass spectrom etry w as used for the segm ental analysis of the hair sam ples collected from 6 victim s in different cases. T he concentrations of clonazepam and 7-am in-oclonazepam w ere detected in each hair section. Results C lonazepam and its m etabolite 7-am inoclon-azepam w ere detected in parts of hair sections from the 6 victim s. T he occurrence tim e of drug peak concentration w as consistent w ith the intake tim ing provided by victim s. Conclusion Segm ental analysis of hair can provide the inform ation of frequency of dosage and intake tim ing, w hich show s an unique evidential value in drug facilitated crim es.

Objective To study the roles of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES) and monocyte cbemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human immunodeficien- cy virus-1(HIV 1) infected patients.Methods RANTES and MCP-1 in HIV-1 infected patients, including treated and untreated groups,and healthy control group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The recombinant plasmids,hMCP-pcDNA3.1,bRANTES- peDNA3.1 and hMCP/bRANTES-pcDNA3.1,were constructed and transfected into CHO cells to overexpress the corresponding recombinant proteins,whose chemoattract function was then studied. Results The level of RANTES was (164.3?21.3) pg/mL in healthy control group,(1 224.1?62.0) pg/mL in untreated group and (475.3?36.2) pg/mL in treated group.The level of MCP-1 was (90.6?28.5) pg/mL in healthy control group,(335.0?30.3) pg/mL in untreated group and (807.2?62.6) pg/mL in treated group.In HIV-1 infected patients,the levels of RANTES and MCP-1 were significantly increased.After highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),the level of RANTES declined,but MCP-1 increased further.Western blot assay revealed that the three recombinant proteins could be recognized by monoclonal antibodies respectively.All of them could chemoattract human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).And the chemoattractant potency of MCP/RANTES fusion protein was stronger.When the recombinant proteins were used with con- centrations as 50,200,400 and 800 pg/mL,respectively,the number of PBMCs chemoattracted by MCP/RANTES fusion protein was 52?10~4/mL,102?10~4/mL,132?10~4/mL and 184?10~4/mL; the number of PBMCs chemoattracted by RANTES was 27?10~4/mL,51?10~4/mL,65?10~4/mL and 96?10~4/mL;the number of PBMCs chemoattracted by MCP-1 was 18?10~4/mL,44?10~4/mL, 54?10~4/mL and 74?10~4/mL.Conclusion RANTES and MCP-1 may both be involved in the HIV infection process and host immunological reaction against HIV.

Objective T o establish a gas chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry (G C-M S ) m ethod for the determ ination of sulfide ion in blood and apply it to the practical cases. Methods T he 1, 3, 5-tribro-m obenzene w as selected as an internal standard, and 0.2 m L blood sam ple w as collected and analyzed using G C-M S after α-B rom o-2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl brom ide derivatization. Results T he m ass concentration of sulfide ion in blood had good linearity in the range of 0.2-40μg/m L w ith a lim it of detection (L O D ) of 0.05μg/m L . T he m ass concentration of sulfide ion w as less than 0.05μg/m L in blank blood from different sources such as healthy subjects and dead cases. In 3 sulfide poisoning cases, sul-fide ion w as detected in the blood sam ples of 6 victim s, and the m ass concentration range w as 1.02-3.13μg/m L . Conclusion T his study establishes a m ethod for investigation of sulfide ion in blood w hich has been applied successfully to the cases of fatal sulfide poisonings.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of skin cancer.Methods Clinical data of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions confirmed pathologically from 2005 to 2008 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed by using statistical methods.Results A total of 632 cases of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions were studied.The most common skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (invasive and in situ) which accounted for 29.3%and 24.2%,respectively.The average age at onset was older than 60 years in 55.4%of the patients,between 35 and 59 years in 34.3%,younger than 35 years in 10.3%.The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis reached nearly 90.O%for Paget's disease,70.0% for other common skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions.Conclusions Skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions have a predilection for scalp and face.Patients aged from 35 to 59 years account for a significant proportion not only in cutaneous lymphoma but also in melanoma and epithelium-derived nonmelanoma skin cancer.

As a keratinized material, nail recently has attracting researchers' attention in the pharmaceuticals analysis. There are comparatively limited studies concerning nail's xenobiotic determination and its mechanism. This article reported the development of a sensitive, specific and reproducible LC-MS/MS method, which could be as a foundation of other studies on drug determination in nail. It can also be regarded as the first report on organic drug in mainland China. Sixteen nail samples from volunteers, who were ingested clozapine for more than nine months, are confirmed positive after being analyzed by the method. It is found that contents of clozapine in the patients' nails are above the nanogram level. Besides, a comparative study of clozapine concentration in nails and hair was made, with a result that there exists a correlation between the two materials in terms of clozapine concentration.
Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; China ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Clozapine ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Hair ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nails ; chemistry ; Psychotic Disorders ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-21 and PDCD4mRNA in colorectal cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics,to elucidate relationship between PDCD4and miR-21 in vivo.Methods Expression of RNA (including miR-21and PDCD4mRNA) and PDCD4 protein were detected respectively by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR and SP immunohistochemical staining in 43 cases of colorectal carcinoma and corresponding normal mucous membrane tissue.Results In colorectal carcinoma,expression of miR-21 was higher than that of the control ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and expression of PDCD4mRNA lower than the control ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Expression of miR21 was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stages ( Ⅰ + Ⅱ,Ⅲ + Ⅳ ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).On the other hand,no significant differences were observed regarding sex,tumor site,size,local invasion,distant metastases,clinical stages( Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).Expression of PDCD4mRNA was associated with local invasion,clinical stages ( Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).While no significant differences were found concerning sex,site,size,lymph node metastasis,distant metastases,clinical stages( Ⅰ + Ⅱ,Ⅲ + Ⅳ ) ( P ＞ 0.05 ).miR21 levels was negatively correlated with PDCD4 expression including nuclear and nuclear and cytoplasmic put together (P ＜ 0.05 ),in contrast to PDCD4mRNA and PDCD4 expression in cytoplasmic ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions ( 1 ) Abnormal expression of PDCD4 mRNA and miR-21 correlate with prognosis in colorectal cancer.(2) miR-21 suppress translation of PDCD4mRNA by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR)of target PDCD4mRNA.

Objective To investigate the effect induced by specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1 400 W on nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells lines and its mechanism.Methods CNE-2 cells were treated by different concentrations of 1 400 W,diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP),and both chemicals.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to examine the viability of cells.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the iNOS mRNA expression.Results The expression of iNOS mRNA was down-regulated by 1400W and was positively correlated with inhibitionrate of cell proliferation.1 400 W inhibits proliferation of CNE-2 cell in a concentration-dependent manner.The proliferation inhibition rate of CNE-2 cells treated by 1 400 W combined with DDP was not enhanced.Conclusions Specific inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1 400 W can exerts anti-tumor effect though inhibiting the expression of iNOS mRNA;The mechanism of chemosensitization induced by iNOS inhibitor on CNE-2 cells may be closely related level of down-regulation of iNOS expression.

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

BACKGROUNDPulmonary embolism (PE) is often mistaken as acute coronary syndromes (ACS) because of the considerable overlap in their clinical features. We evaluated the factors causing misdiagnosis of PE as ACS and factors that differentiate PE from ACS to improve the diagnosis efficacy of PE.

METHODSThe medical records of 22 consecutive PE patients, between 2001 and 2010, who were initially suspected of ACS were retrieved. ACS was ruled out by coronary artery angiography before a definite diagnosis of PE was given. Twenty-two contemporary cases of ACS matched by age and sex were recruited as controls. Clinical manifestations, electrocardiograms (ECG), and biomarkers of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. The factors causing misdiagnosis of PE as ACS and factors differentiating PE from ACS were evaluated.

RESULTSWe found two leading causes of misdiagnosis of PE as ACS. One is that PE can resemble ACS in several clinical aspects (symptoms and signs, ECG findings, plasma cardiac troponin I, and D-dimer). The other is the insufficient recognition of PE by clinicians. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially deep venous thrombosis (DVT), together with signs of PE, such as unexplained dyspnea or hypoxemia, and right ventricular pressure overload on ECGs are valuable in differentiating the two diseases.

CONCLUSIONSDifferentiation between PE and ACS is sometimes challenging. Adequate awareness of the risk factors for VTE and the signs of PE are crucial in the diagnosis of PE.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics