Under physiological conditions, many vital functions of the body are controlled by transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Based on the circadian rhythm character of disease and chronotherapeutic conceptions, pulsatile delivery system has been designed to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic and side-effect. In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the pulsatile multiparticulate drug delivery system. Pulsatile multiparticulate system possesses many benefits, such as no risk of dose dumping, predictable gastric emptying, flexible release patterns and increased bioavailability. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to summarize the major design methods of pulsatile multiparticulate and the research progress.

Animals ; Berberine ; therapeutic use ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Humans

Sunscreen products have been widely used with the increase in public awareness of sun protection. As sunscreens are structurally stable and resistant to degradation, the concern for their biotoxicity and impact on marine environment has been heightened increasingly, and several countries and regions have successively issued bans on relevant sunscreen products. However, these bans have not yet affected the key international rules and regulations related to sunscreen products. The risks of different sunscreens to marine ecosystems and potential risks to human themselves still need to be evaluated through further multidisciplinary researches.

lusions Cardiac MSCT can accurately assess the RV size and function in comparison to MRI. Patients with severe COPD have RV dysfunction.

Content of osteocyte in bone tissue is the most abundant, the most widely distributed, and embedding the cells in the mineralized bone matrix, the life can be close to the life of the body. Osteocyte formed by the cytoplasm dendritic communication network system between osteocyte and bone surface, is of great significance to maintaining the normal physiological function of bone tissue. Bone cells as the direct receptor of bone mechanical stress, through the release of bioactive factors such as PEG2, NO, ATP and classic Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway mechanical stress signal can be converted to bone formation and bone resorption of biochemical signals, and the biochemical signals were transfer to the other type cells of the tissue to regulate its function activities and cause bone reconstruction function. The microcracks surrounding osteocyte can disrupt the microtubule network system,cause surrounding osteocyte autophagy. In addition, osteocyte is very important for regulation of the body mineral balance, fat metabolism, and hematopoietic function.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Minerals ; metabolism ; Osteocytes ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in the analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal between acupuncture and sham acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) during menstrual pain and evaluate the impact of psychological effect on acupuncture analgesia.

METHODSSixty subjects were randomized into an acupuncture group and a sham acupuncture group, 30 cases in each one. The conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture were applied to Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on bilateral sides when menstrual pain began to attack and needles were retained for 30 min each time. Three menstrual cycles were required. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to determine the scores before and 0. 5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after acupuncture during menstrual pain in each cycle separately.

RESULTSIn the acupuncture group, VAS score at each time point after acupuncture was reduced as compared with that at the previous one during menstrual pain in each menstrual cycle, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). In the sham acupuncture group, the scores in 6 h and 12 h of acupuncture were reduced as compared with the previous one, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). After acupuncture, VAS score at each time point in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the sham acupuncture group (all P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe conventional acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) achieves the significant analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal. The psychological placebo effect of sham acupuncture has no obvious impact on acupuncture analgesia.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Dysmenorrhea ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Placebo Effect ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsA total of 78 SBE procedures was conducted on 72 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,with 40 via oral route and 38 via anal route.The procedure time,insertion depth and rate of positive finding were recorded.ResultsFor 40 SBE procedures performed via oral route,the mean procedure time was 60 minutes ( 15-110 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 195 cm at the distal end of Trentz ligament (30-240 cm).For 38 SBE procedures performed via anus,the mean procedure time was 75 minuets (30-120 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 160 cm at the proximal end of ileocecal valve (50-200 cm ).The whole diagnostic yield of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was 62.5％.ConclusionSBE is a safe and useful tool for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To analysis 2 years follow-up clinical effects in endodontic lesion combined periodontal in treatment with Vitapex .Methods 112 patients with periodontal endodontic lesion combined periodontal were randomly divided into control group (56 cases ,75 teeth) and study group(56 cases ,77 teeth) .Treatment of Zinc oxide glycerin paste combined with gutta percha filling root canal was used in control group ,while Vitapex combined with gutta percha filling root canal was used in study group .After 2 years ,the clinical data of the two groups were analysed .Results The total effective rate of anterior and posterior in study group were significant higher than in control group(P<0 .05) .The total effective rate of of I type ,II type and III type lesions in study group were higher than in control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Treatment of Vitapex combined with gutta percha filling root canal in endodontic lesion combined periodontal has better clinical effectiveness to promote periapical and periodontal tissue healing than control group .

Objective:To evaluate the diagnosis significance of breast mammography assisted by hook-wire localization biopsy for BI-RADSⅣand above negative or non-palpable breast lesions. Methods:A total of 48 cases of mammary molybdenum target with BI-RADSⅣlevel and above but with clinical-touched negative or non-palpable breast lesions (including 4 bilateral lesions and 44 uni-lateral lesions;total of 52 lesions) were used in the mammography aided by hook-wire localization biopsy. Results:Among the 52 le-sions, 13 cases were malignant lesions (single), 6 cases were at Stage 0 (accounted for 46.15%), 5 cases were in Stage I (38.46%), and 2 cases were in StageⅡ(15.39%). The remaining 39 cases were benign lesions. Results showed that the detection rate for breast cancer was 25.0%. A total of 39 cases of benign lesions and 10 cases of malignant lesions were found among mammography BI-RADSⅣpa-tients. Zero cases of benign lesions and 3 cases of malignant change were found among BI-RADS Ⅴ patients. The positive rates of breast cancer among BI-RADSⅣandⅤpatients were 25.64%and 100%, respectively. Conclusion:Breast mammography assisted by hook-wire localization biopsy could precisely excise both BI-RADSⅣandⅤnegative/non-palpable breast lesions. This technique can also improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients. It is a safe, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic method. Thus, breast mammogra-phy assisted by hook-wire localization biopsy must be widely used in clinical applications in China.

Aim To investigate the promoting apoptosis effect of artesunate( ART) on human colon cancer Lovo cells and its mechanisms. Methods MTT assay was performed to determine the anti-proliferative effect of artesunate. Flow cytometry assay and electron micros-copy( EM) were used to evaluate the apoptotic effect of artesunate. Luciferase reporter assay was introduced to measure the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Western blot was used to detect the pathway-related protein levels of β-catenin, GSK-3β,c-Myc and apop-tosis-related protein level of casepase-3 . Results Compared with the control group, the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation at 72 h and 320 μmol·L-1 ART was (78. 99 ± 1. 95 )% ( F =898. 301, P =0. 000 ); the cell apoptotic rate at 24 h and 160 μmol · L-1 ART was(19. 00 ± 0. 05)% and morphological signs of cell apoptosis were found by EM;the transcriptional activi-ty of TCF4/LEF at 24 h and 160 μmol·L-1 ART was (0. 36 ± 0. 30)%(F =470. 954,P <0. 01); the ex-pressions of caspase-3 and GSK-3β were significantly increased, whileβ-catenin and c-Myc were significant-ly decreased when treated with different concentrations of ART for 48 h ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion ART may significantly inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of Lovo cells probably by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.