Objective To estimate the value for the plasma-effect site equilibration rate constant(Ke0)of propofol using the time to peak effect(Tpeak)method and two pharmacokinetic models for propofol.Methods The Tpeak after a submaximal bolus dose 1.5 mg?kg~(-1) of propofol was measured with AAI A-line auditory evoked potential monitor in 36 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.Using Tpeak and two sets of pharmacokinetic parameters for propofol reported by Marsh and Shafer,the Ke0 was estimated according to the method described by Minto.Results The mean Tpeak was(142?62)s in 30 patients.The Ke0 was 0.626 min~(-1) with the model by Marsh and 0.914 min~(-1) with the model by Shafer.The corresponding t_(1/2) Ke0 values were 1.107 min and 0.759 min respectively(P＜0.01).Conclusion The Ke0 value of propofol estimated depends on the pharmacokinetic models used.The values we estimated in Chinese patients are significantly different from the values reported by foreign authors

Objective To investigate the effect of treating tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior column via anterolateral approach.To discuss its merit and demerit,indications and contraindications.Methods From Jan 2012 to Jan 2015,37 patients with closed tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior column were treated by 3.5mm proximal tibial plate with narrow plate head through standard anterolateral approach.The group included 25 males and 12 females,aged from 23 to 65 years old (average 44.6 years old).During the treatment and follow-up period,the curative effect was evaluated by using Rasmussen's radiological grading for early radiological outcomes and HSS grading,Lysholm grading,Lachman test and Pivot-shift testfor clinical examination at the 1 year follow-up.Results The average time for the operation was 98 min (range,55-170 min).1 year follow-up was completed in 37 patients.The average fracture union time and full weight bearing were 10.6 weeks (range,8-16 weeks) and 11.2 weeks (range,8-20 weeks) respectively without reduction loss.No statistical difference was found in either the tibial plateau angle (TPA) or posterior slope angle (PA) when comparing the results at instant,3rd month,6th month and 12 month.The mean score of the Rasmussen' s radiological grading was 15.6(range,12-18) and the mean score of the HSS grading was 88.6 (range,80-100).The average range of motion of the knee joint was 128.6°(range,110°-150°).The mean score of the Lysholm grading was 91.6±3.9. The Lachman test and the Pivot-shift test were negtive.Conclusion Treating tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior column by 3.5 mm proximal tibial plate with narrow plate head through standard anterolateral approach is an effective method.The protocol is simple and safe,the approach is familiar by most clinicians.Good reduction and fixation,earlier functional exercise can be achieved easily.The knee function recovered well and earlier curative effect was satisfied.

Objective To investigate the effect of augmenter of 1iver regeneration(ALR)on hepatocytes transplanted intraperitoneally in acute hepatic failure(AHF)rats.Methods AHF SD rats were induced by D-gal.The rats were divided into 5 groups randomly:blank control group(only receiving normal saline),transplantation control group(transplanting 2 X 107 hepatocytes from SD rats),ciclosporin A group(CsA group,receiving hepatocytes and CsA 6 days after transplantation),ALRgroup(receiving hepatocytes plus ALR 6 days after transplantation),ALR control group(only receiving ALR 6 days after transplantation).All drugs and cells were intraperitoneally injected.There was a observation period of 14 days after transplantation.The survival rate of receptors and transplanted hepatocytes was observed.The expression levels of CD4,CD8 and CD68 in abdominal cells,the levels of IL-1β and TNF-a in serum and douche of peritoneal cavity were detected.Results The 2-week SuFvival rate in blank control group,transplantation control group,CsA group,ALR group and ALR control group was 0,46.7%,20%,66.7%and 14.3%respectively.Survival rate in AI.R group was higher than in blank control group(P=0.001).Serum levels of d1-2 TNF-a in ALR group was all lower than in blank and transplantation control groups(P＜(0.01).Serum levels of d1-2 IL-18 in ALR group were lower than in transplantation control group.Ascitic levels of d1-2 TNF-a and IL-1β in transplantation control group were higher than in other groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The serum levels of TNF-a and IL-1β in all survival groups were similar tO normal levels on the 14th day after transplantation.The positive expression rate of d1-2 CD68 in grafts of ALR group was(0.5±0.3)%.The positive expression rate of CD68 in grafts of ALR group was obviously lower than in transplantation control group and CsA groups(P＜0.01).The expression of d1-2 CD68,CD4 and CD8 in ALR group was respectively(1.3±1.2)%,(0.1±0.3)%and(0.2±0.1)%,all obviously lower than in transplantation control group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Assembled conglobate hepatocyte noduses were observed in abdominal cavity in rats receiving hepatocytes transplantation during first to third day after transplantation.The number of survival grafts in ALR group was more than that in transplantation control group and CsA group,and infihrated inflammatory cells were less.On the 14th day posttransplantation.small amounts of normal hepatocytes in grafts were observed only in ALR group.Conclusion After HcT plus ALR intraperitoneally,the survival rate of AHF rats was increased.ALR improved survivorship of transplanted hepatocytes in short term.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of AML1-ETO fusion gene on the transcription activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene. And to explore the enhancement of leukemia pathogenesis of AML1-ETO.

METHODSThe luciferase reporter plasmids of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter were constructed, and co-transfected into CV-1 cells with AML1-ETO, AML1b and AML1a expression plasmids. The trans-activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter was assayed by luminometer.

RESULTSAML1-ETO exhibited a distinct inhibition activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter with a sequence-specificity and dosage-dependent manner. The trans-activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter decreased to (19 +/- 4)% compared to control group, when 1000 ng pCMV5-AML1-ETO plasmid was used. AML1b and AMLla showed less inhibition activity. The trans-activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter decreased to (61 +/- 16)% and (59 +/- 16)% compared to control group, respectively, when 1000 ng plasmid was used.

CONCLUSIONAML1-ETO exhibits more inhibition activity of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter than AML1b and AMLla, results from recruiting transcription co-repression complex efficiently by ETO. Based on previous researches, the effects of exogenous AML1-ETO on p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promote may be dependent on the type of cell lines.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; genetics ; Haplorhini ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection

Objective To observe the influence of silencing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)gene on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of glioblastoma U87 cells. Methods The samples were divided into 3 groups: blank group: samples without giving any treatments, control group: cells with empty shRNA vector, and experimental group: cells with HIF-1α-shRNA transfection complex. HIF-1α gene was silenced by shRNA constructed in early time; and HIF-1α-shRNA lentivirus vector was constructed in the experimental group, and then transfected into glioblastoma U87 cells with the mediation of liposome. The interference efficiency was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting, and cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay; cell migration in vitro was observed by migration test, and invasion and metastasis abilities were detected by Transwell booth model. Results As compared with those in cells of the control and blank groups, the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α in cells of the experimental group were significantly decreased; MTT assay showed that the cell proliferation in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups (P<0.05). The number of penetrating cells of the blank group, control group and experimental group in Transwell chamber invasion assay were (125.2±10.8), (118.3±8.3), (60.9±5.4), respectively, and significant differences were noted between each 2 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α in U87 cells are efficiently depressed by HIF-1α-shRNA, and so are the proliferation, invasion and metastasis abilities of U87 cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of PTEN gene expression silence in leukemia cells, and the effect of induced PTEN gene expression in leukemia cells.

METHODSMethylation status of PTEN in leukemic cell lines, including HL-60, Nalm-6, NB4, U937, Raji, K562 and KG-1a was assessed by methylation specific PCR (MSP). The cell lines were then treated with different concentrations of methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). After that the changes in PTEN methylation status were detected by MSP, and PTEN mRNA expression level by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Growth inhibition and apoptosis of HL-60 and Nalm-6 cells induced by 5-Aza-CdR were observed by MTT assay, and Wright and Annexin V staining, respectively.

RESULTSHypermethylation of PTEN promoter was detected in HL-60, U937, Nalm-6, Raji and KG-1a, while hypomethylation was found in NB4 and K562 by MSP. After 5-Aza-CdR treatment, the hypermethylation status of PTEN promoter in HL-60 and Nalm-6 cells was reversed and their PTEN mRNA expression levels were up regulated in dose dependent manner with the 5-Aza-CdR concentrations, and the cell apoptosis was induced.

CONCLUSIONHypermethylation in the promoter region is one of major mechanisms responsible for transcriptional suppression of PTEN. Methyltransferase inhibitor could induce the expression of PTEN gene and lead to the leukemia cells apoptosis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the spatial distribution of free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells cultured on glass.

METHODSTo detect the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells, the images were analyzed with image software, using the laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescent probe.

RESULTSAt 37 degrees C the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells could be labelled effectively with 10 micromol/L Fluo-3/AM, the intensity of Ca2+ fluorescent signal in the central part was greater than that in the peripheral part and in the same section the signal was not distributed evenly.

CONCLUSIONThe intensity of Ca2+ fluorescent signal is different among various organellae in osteoclast-like cell, which suggests the osteoclast-like cell modulate its own function through the spatial difference of free Ca2+ concentration.

Aniline Compounds ; Calcium ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Osteoclasts ; Xanthenes

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the root of Paeonia sinjiangensis.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by silica column chromatography, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and their physical-chemical constants.

RESULTFive compounds, paeoniflorin( I ), albiflorin (II), lactiflorin(III), daucosterol(IV), sucrose (V), were obtained.

CONCLUSIONAll of the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Benzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

PURPOSE: Intranasal dexmedetomidine is an effective sedative for premedication and is regularly used to reduce preoperative tension and anxiety in children. This study aimed to assess the effect of intranasally adjunctive dexmedetomidine on perioperative sedative and analgesic requirements in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive preoperative administration of saline, intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg, and intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg, respectively. Propofol and remifentanil were target-controlled infused to maintain intraoperative bispectral index at 45-55 and blood pressure at baseline value±20%. Sufentanil was administered to maintain postoperative visual analogue scale ≤3. Perioperative anesthetics requirements were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Intranasal dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated propofol requirements for anesthesia induction and maintenance in a dose-dependent manner. Patients given intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg required less remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance. The first postoperative request for sufentanil analgesia was delayed in patients given intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg. The anesthetics-sparing effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine was significantly weaker than intravenous dexmedetomidine at the same dose of 1 µg/kg. The incidences of adverse events, including hemodynamic instability and delayed recovery, were comparable with and without intranasal dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSION: Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine can reduce perioperative anesthetic requirements, and a dose of dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg produces a better effect in adults. The anesthetics-sparing effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg is less than that with the same intravenous dose of dexmedetomidine.
*Administration, Intranasal ; Adult ; *Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Dexmedetomidine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; *Perioperative Care ; Premedication

The origin and distribution of oligosaccharides of TCM are extensive, and its special biological activity and chemical properties have great potential in health preserving and disease prevention and treatment. The researches about its components are increasing, and its research and application are expanded. Oligosaccharides of TCM can be obtained by natural extraction, degradation and artificial synthesis. Among them, the natural extraction method is the most suitable for chromatography. The oligosaccharides of TCM have different groups and connections, and the structure is complex, with different chemical reactions in the process. This article reviewed the research overview of oligosaccharides of TCM from the aspects of separation, biological activity and chemical reactions in the process.