In order to make students know about oral and maxillofacial surgery earlier in the current medical education model,which was important for fostering the professional interests of students,West China School of Stomatology,Sichuan University initiated freshmen into an introductory course in oral and maxillofacial surgery.The teaching methods are based on teaching and complemented byclinical intership.coure content including the history,present situation and development direction of oral and maxillofacial surgery.The course is popular among the students and the desired effect was achieved.

BACKGROUND:Although the renal transplantation technology has been quite mature, vascular complications during and after transplantation inevitably occur.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and management of vascular complications during and after renal transplantation.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 11 patients suffering from vascular complications during and after renal transplantation. During the transplantation, there were two cases of arterial anastomotic stenosis, one case of renal vain transverse, three cases of atherosclerosis plaque of the external iliac artery blocking the transplant renal artery, one case of twisted renal vein. After transplantation, there were two cases of extra renal pseudoaneurysm, one case of arterial anastomotic stenosis, and one case of renal artery obstruction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two cases of arterial anastomotic stenosis during operation had good recovery, and renal alograft dysfunction occurred after 6 and 11 years, respectively. In the case of renal vain transverse, the renal alograft functioned for 12 years. Among the three cases of atherosclerosis plaque of external iliac artery blocking the transplant renal artery, 1 case presented with renal alograft dysfunction immediately, the other two patients,renal function recovered wel during the folow-up of 6 and 2 years respectively. In the case of twisted renal vein, delayed graft function occurred, and the patient died of severe pulmonary infection 1 month later. The renal alograft dysfunction occurred in the two cases of post-transplantation extra renal pseudoaneurysm. The case of post-transplantation arterial anastomotic stenosis was treated by baloon angioplasty and metalic stent placement via femoralartery, and the renal function became normal during 18 months of folow-up. The case of post-transplantation renal artery obstruction appeared to have delayed graft function, and died of severe pulmonary infection 3 weeks later. These findings indicate that patients with vascular complications during and after renal transplantation can obtain satisfactory outcomes if receiving accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

To analyze features of the rabies epidemic in China between 2007 and 2011,identify factors influencing the epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for further control and prevention of rabies,Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistical analysis was used on data collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System between 2007 to 2011 and the National Active Surveillance System between 2007 and 2010.Our analysis shows that while the number of human rabies cases decreased year by year,the number of districts reporting cases did not show significant change.The situations in Guangdong,Guangxi,Guizhou and Hunan provinces clearly improved over the period but they remain provinces with high-incidence,and consequently influence the epidemic situation of surrounding provinces and possibly the whole country.Summer and autumn were high-incidence seasons.Farmers,students and pre-school children represent the high-risk populations,and rates of cases in farmers increased,those for students decreased,and pre-school children remained unchanged.Provinces with active surveillance programs reported a total of 2346 individual cases,of which 88.53％ were associated with canines.Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies cases was not significantly improved,whereas PEP in post-exposure population was good.In rural regions of China,canine density was reduced somewhat,and the immunization rate increased slightly.Finally we show that while the epidemic decreased 2007 to 2011 in China,cases continued to be diffused in certain regions.Lack of standardization of PEP on rabies cases was the main reason of morbidity.The high density and low immunization of dog in rural areas and the defective situation of PEP are still continuous occurrences in China and remain a cause for concern.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6

Objective To discuss the relationships between regular pattern changes of plasma fibrinogen (Fib),D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) levels and the recent dissolution of thrombus in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) in 14 days after treatment.Methods A prospective study was conducted.PE patients admitted to Departments of Respiratory Disease in 4 hospitals from January 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled and all of them were treated with thrombolysis and/or anticoagulation after admission.The computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was examined pre-treatment and 14 days post-treatment in PE patients.The pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) was assessed according to the Mastora scoring method to estimate the thrombus load.The plasma Fib,D-dimer and FDP levels were measured before and on 1,2,3,5,7 and 14 days after treatment,and the relationships between the change regularities of these parameters and PAOI were also analyzed.Results A total of 42 PE patients were enrolled.The curve change of coagulation-fibrinolytic system parameters in 14 days after treatment showed that the Fib level was raised to its peak on the 3rd day after treatment and then decreased (g/L:4.24 ± 1.45 vs.3.83 ± 1.56),representing that its curve change was in accordance with the quadratic model (P =0.095).After treatment,the D-dimer and FDP levels were kept declining,they were reached the valley on 14th day [D-dimer (mg/L):1.58 ± 1.38vs.8.84 ± 6.35,FDP (mg/L):4.23 ± 3.63 vs.23.41 ± 16.54],and their curve changes were in accordance with the cubic model (F was 32.190 and 34.326,respectively both P =0.000).The PAOI variation before and 14 days after treatment [(18.77 ± 14.22)％] was not correlated with Fib variation [(1.20 ± 0.93) g/L,r =-0.194,P =0.219],but was positively correlated with D-dimer variation [(7.29 ± 7.10) mg/L] and FDP variation [(19.29 ± 18.67) mg/L,r was 0.556 and 0.460,respectively;P was 0.020 and 0.002,respectively].Conclusions The D-dimer and FDP levels are kept falling in PE patients after treatment,suggesting that the pulmonary artery embolus is being dissolved.

Silk fibroin is a natural polymer with certain water solubility, structural modification, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used as a drug delivery carrier material. As a promising drug delivery system, drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles can control drug release, reduce toxicity and improve therapeutic effects. In this paper, the basic characteristics of silk fibroin, the preparation methods of drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles and the application of silk fibroin in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are reviewed, and on this basis, the further development of drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles is prospected.

Orthotopic liver transplantation has proven to be effective in the treatment of a variety of life-threatening liver diseases, however, the limitations of donated organs available and long-term immunosuppression provided an impetus for developing alternative therapies. Cell replacement strategies have been one major effective approach for overcoming the obstacles of organ transplantation in recent years. The exogenous cells should be able to proliferate and differentiate into mature hepatic cells after grafting. Use of mature hepatocytes is also hampered by limited tissue source and inability to proliferate and maintain the function for a long term in vitro. Embryonic stem cells are immortal and pluripotent and may provide a novel cell source for potential cell therapy. This review summarizes the mechanisms of controlling early liver development and hepatic differentiation of visceral endoderm in embryoid bodies, and provides an overview of diverse differentiation systems in vitro and in vivo that were applied to hepatic research in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ES cell-derived hepatocytes can incorporate into liver tissue and function in vivo , but a few of them have shown complete restoration of liver function after transplantation into mice with liver diseases. Further studies should be made to exploit efficient methods and clinical applications of hepatocytes derived from ES cells in the future. In addition to clinical transplantation for treatment of liver diseases, ES cells can provide a valuable tool for drug discovery applications and study on of molecular basis of hepatic differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of tongue and mouth floor defect after radical resection of tongue carcinoma.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to April 2009, 14 cases with tongue carcinoma underwent radical resection, leaving tongue and mouth floor defects which were reconstructed by anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flaps at the same stage. These 14 cases included tongue carcinoma at lingual margin (n=9), at ventral tongue (n=3) and at mouth floor (n=2). The flap size ranged from 7 cm x 9 cm to 5 cm x 7 cm.

RESULTSAll the 14 flaps survived completely with primary healing. There was no functional morbidity in the lower extremities. The patients were followed up for 12-26 months with satisfied esthetic and functional results in reconstructed tongue. Only one case (T4 N1 M0) died of metastasis carcinoma 14 months after operation. No local recurrence happened.

CONCLUSIONSThe anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap has abundant tissue volume to reconstruct the tongue and mouth floor defect, while leaving less morbidity at donor site. Both satisfied esthetic and functional results can be achieved.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Floor ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Thigh ; surgery ; Tongue ; surgery ; Tongue Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of apolipoprotein E and lipid levels in patients for early diagnosis of cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 80 patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study as the study group from June 2015 to October 2016.Meanwhile,80 healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The serum apolipoprotein E and blood lipid were compared between the two groups.Results The difference of apolipoprotein E levels between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Apolipoprotein E combined with serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction had a sensitivity of 37.5 ％,specificity accuracy of 100％,and diagnostic efficiency of 60％.Conclusion Early cerebral infarction patients diagnosed with apolipoprotein E combined with lipid levels had a good clinical value.

Objective:To investigate the polymorphisms at HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 loci in Dalian Han population. Methods: A total of 10 000 unrelated marrow donors who live in Dalian were genotyped by SBT and SSO methods. Haplotype frequencies and linkage dis-equilibrium values were calculated by ARLEQUIN software,and DA genetic distances between populations were calculated by poptree2 software. Results: A total of 18 HLA-A alleles, 32 HLA-B alleles and 13 HLA-DRB1 alleles were found in Dalian Han population. HLA-A?02 (31. 65% ),B?40(14. 84% ) and DRB1?15(15. 82% ) occurred most frequently. A?30-B?13-DRB1?07 (4. 56% ) was determined to be the most common three-locus haplotype and the second predominant haplotype was A?02-B?46-DRB1?09 ( 2. 43% ) . A ?30-B ?13 ( 6. 00% ) and B ?13-DRB1 ?07 ( 59. 89% ) were the most common two-locus haplotypes. Moreover,A?33-B?58 and B?13-DRB1?07 were strongest haplotypes with the linkage disequilibria values 0. 336 6 and 0. 665 1,respectively. In China,the closest genetic distances were found with Heilongjiang (0. 001) followed by Jilin (0. 002) and Shandong (0. 002),the furthest was found with Taiwan (0. 047). Compared with other populations worldwide,the closest genetic distances were found with Thailand (0. 029) and Korea (0. 03),the furthest was found with Italy (0. 183). Conclusion: Dalian Han population had rich polymorphism at HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 loci,and the distribution of HLA-A,-B and-DRB1 was in line with the charac-teristics of the northern population.