This study was aimed to identify and distinguish Metacordyceps liangshanensis recorded by the Sichuan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard from its adulterants and its relative species by combining ITS and COI barcode sequences in order to study the feasibility of this new method. After extracting DNA of 28 species of Cordyceps samples, DNA were amplified and sequenced. And then, ITS and COI sequences were received. Codon-Code Aligner V3.7.1 and Mega 5.0 were used to analyze the variable site and construct the N-J tree. The results showed that the minimum ITS inter-specific K-2P distance was relatively higher than the maximum intra-specific K-2P distance. The inter-specific sequence divergence between M. liangshanensis and its adulterants exhibited high while intra-specific sequence divergence exhibited low. And COI one was the same case. N-J tree of both ITS and COI indicated that same genus belonged together and each species belonged to relatively independent branch. It was concluded that based on the ITS and COI gene, the technology of DNA barcode can be an excellent identification of M. liangshanensis, its adulterants and its relative species. It provided technical support for the further research on species molecular identification and phylogenetics of Cordyceps .

Objective To investigate MR imaging features of femoral marrow in treated ?-thalassemia major.Methods MR imaging of the proximal femoral marrow was performed in 35 cases of ?-thalassemia major and 45 age-and sex-matched normal children as control.Coronal images of femoral marrow with the techniques of spin echo and fast field echo(FFE)were obtained.On T_1-weighted imaging the red and yellow femoral marrow were judged and marrow distribution was classified into five groups.The hemosiderosis of marrow was judged on the basis of signal intensity of marrow on FFE imaging.The marrow distribution classification and the hemosiderosis on MR imaging were correlated with clinical features.Results On FFE,marrow hemosiderosis occurred in 15 patients with a marked hypo-intensity signal and was related to the age(P=0.032).On T_1-weighted imaging,the femoral marrow in 35 patients was classified as groupⅢand IV,while the marrow distribution was groupⅠorⅡin all normal children,there was statistically significant difference(P

Object To optimize the process for the recovery of soyasaponins from bean product waste. Methods Conditions for the recovery were studied by orthogonal design guided by the yield of soya-saponins as determined by UV absorbance. Results The most influential factor in the recovery by refluxing was the concentration of alcohol; while in the recovery by percolation the influential factors were in the order of concentration of ethyl alcohol, amount of alcohol used and the rate of percolation.Conclusion The optimal recovery process was found to be a single reflux with eight times of 60% alcohol for 2.5 h.

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of improved technique of Gamma nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture of the elderly patients. Methods From March 2002 to October 2006.39 patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture were operated by improved technique of Gam-ma nail.There were 18 males and 21 females at average age of75.7 years(67_98 years).There were 6 patients with type A1 fracture,24 with type A2 fracture and 9 with type A3 fracture according to AO/ASIF classification.Of all.36 patients(92.3%)had osteoporosis.The operation improvements included the following points:(1)The patients were placed at the lateral decubitus position with the fractured limb on the uppermost,with flexion of knee and hip of 60°.The normal hip and knee were flexed as possible.(2)One-off indirect traction reduction was used after general anesthesia. no requirement of continuous mechanical traction.(3)C-arm image intensifier was employed to obtain normal and lateral projections.Results Of all,35 patients were followed up for a mean period of3 years and 2 months, ranging from 6 months to 5 years and 2 months.Operation data showed incision length of(4.3±1.2)cm,mean opera-tion time of(46±10)minutes,intraoperative bleeding volume of(65±26)ml and intraoperative X-ray exposure of(3.0±2.1)times.Postoperative recovery data showed survival in one-year follow up,with ambulation time of(10.5±3.6)days and fracture union time of(10.9±2.1)weeks.Mean Parker's score wag(6.9±3.2)points 6 months after operation. Conclusions Improved technique of Gamma nail can shorten operation duration,reduce operative trauma and bleeding,reduce X-ray exposure and im-prove success rate of surgery.as facilitates early pest-operative recovery and reduces the perioperative mortality rate of the elderly.

To evaluate the public health risk of exposure to microcystins in fish food in China, the distribution pattern of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in various organs (liver, intestine, kidney, muscle and lipid) of the dominant freshwater phytoplanktivorous fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Hangzhou, China's Tiesha River was investigated with the method of HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The distribution of microcystins was different in the fish organs and the major total microcystins (microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR) were present in the intestines (6.49 micro g/g fresh weight), followed by the livers (4.52 micro g/g fresh weight) and the muscles (2.86 micro g/g fresh weight). Microcystins were detected in kidneys (1.35 micro g/g fresh weight), but not detected in lipid. The results suggested that the mean daily intake from fish was 0.03 micro g/kg body weight which was very close to the recommended WHO tolerable daily intake (TDI) level of 0.04 micro g/kg body weight per day, and local people were warned they may have health risk if they consumed fish from the river.
Animals ; Carps ; metabolism ; parasitology ; Fresh Water ; analysis ; parasitology ; Microcystins ; metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Phytoplankton ; metabolism ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Distribution ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis

Objectives To analyze the spectrum of renal diseases associated with monoclonal gammopathy and unrelated renal diseases.Methods Hospitalized patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital who underwent renal biopsy between January,2013 and December,2015.They had monoclonal gammopathy on serum protein electrophoresis (SPE),serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE),urine IFE and/or serum free light chain (FLC).64 patients met the inclusion criteria and were classified as monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) (n=36),monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n=17) and hematologic malignancy (n=11).Results Renal lesions in MGRS subgroup included light chain amyloidosis (n=28,77.8％),light chain deposition disease (n=7,19.4％),and fibrillary glomerulopathy (n=l,2.8％).eGFR in light chain amyloidosis subgroup differed significantly,compared with light chain deposition disease [eGFR 93 ml· min-1 · (1.73m2)-1 vs 28 ml· min-1 · (1.73 m2) 1,P ＜ 0.01],as well as HTN incidence (35.7％ vs 100.0％,P ＜ 0.01).Renal diseases in MGUS subgroup included membranous nephropathy (n=10,58.8％),focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n=3,17.6％),diabetic glomerulopathy (n=l,5.9％),Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (n=l,5.9％),anti-glomerular basement membrane disease concurrent with membranous nephropathy (n=l,5.9％) and glomerulomegaly (n=l,5.9％).Various renal lesions related/unrelated to hematologic malignancy were seen in third subgroup,including light chain cast nephropathy (n=3,27.3％),tubulo-interstitial lesions (n=2,18.2％),light chain amyloidosis (n=1,9.1％),light chain deposition disease(n=1,9.1％),IgA nephropathy (n=1,9.1％),mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (n=l,9.1％),endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (n=1,9.1％) and acute tubular necrosis (n=1,9.1％).Positive rates of SPE,serun IFE and urine IFE in MGRS subgroup were 40.6％,52.8％ and 69.4％,respectively.Positive rates of SPE,serum IFE and urine IFE in MGUS subgroup were 68.8％,100.0％ and 37.5％,respectively.Positive rates of SPE,serum IFE and urine IFE in hematologic malignancy subgroup were 54.5％,72.7％ and 81.8％ respectively.MGRS and MGUS subgroups differed significantly in positive rate of serum IFE (P ＜ 0.001).Abnormal rates of serum FLC ratio in above three subgroups were 83.3％,17.6％ and 90.9％,respectively,with that in MGUS group being significantly lower than the rates in other two groups (P ＜ 0.001,respectively).Conclusions The significance of monoclonal gammopathy in patients with renal disease should be evaluated by other clinical data,as well as renal pathology.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cytokines in the cardiac surgical patient and to evaluate the application of combined acupuncture anesthesia to cardiac surgery.

METHODSThirty patients with atrial septal defect were divided into 3 groups, general anesthesia group (A), acupuncture anesthesia group (B) and combined general anesthesia and EA group (C). Peripheral blood samples were collected before anesthesia, before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 min after CPB and 24 h after operation to determine the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6 and IL-10.

RESULTSThe levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 decreased in the 3 groups after CPB and further decreased 24 h after operation, and in the group C were higher than those in the group B. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 significantly increased 24 h after operation in the 3 groups with no significant difference among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONThe general anesthesia combined with EA can not completely improve the decrease of IFN-gamma and IL-2 induced by CPB, indicating that the good response of the general anesthesia combined with EA to stress can partially improve the immunosupression induced by CPB. Acupuncture does not have significant effect on inflammatory cytokine reaction induced by cardiac surgery.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

METHODSTwo hundreds and twenty six subjects were enrolled in the study and grouped to non-drinkers, mild drinkers, moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers. Serum GGT, hs-CRP, %CDT, HCY, lipoprotein were measured in all groups.

RESULTThere were significantly higher GGT levels with heavy drinkers than those with other groups (P <0.05), and GGT levels were increased with increasing alcohol intake; and there were significantly higher %CDT levels with heavy drinkers compared with those with no-drinkers; there was significant higher hs-CRP levels with heavy drinkers compared with those with mild and moderate drinkers (P<0.05); but in moderate drinkers there was significantly lower hs-CRP levels than non drinkers (P<0.05). Compared with non-drinkers, there were significantly lower LDL-C and TG levels with mild and moderate drinkers. There were no significant differences in CHOL, HDL-C, HCY, WBC, MCV levels among all groups. Heavy drinkers had higher smoking rate and higher prevalence of hypertension (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONHeavy alcohol consumption results in increasing GGT,%CDT and hs-CRP and may increase cardiovascular disease risk along with other risk factors.Mild to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower hs-CRP concentration,which may protect the cardiovascular system through anti-inflammatory mechanism.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; blood ; Alcoholism ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transferrin ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of various planting densities on dynamic growth and root yield of Isatis indigotica.

METHODThe planting samples were collected to measure the growth period of each organ.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONUnder different planting densities, both main root length and breadth exhibited a trend of "fast-slow" by stages. However, the number of individual plant leaves were showed a trend of "slow-fast" on growth period. Meanwhile, the leaf length and breadth were exhibited a trend of "increase-decrease". The increase of dry leaf, dry root and whole plant dry matter was faster during the period of 65-76 days after seeding. The differences of root and leaf yields under various densities were significant. Planting densities has a great effect on yield of root. It must be shown that there was a positive development between the individual plant and colony. According to the dry matter of root and leaf, treatment B (i.e., 7 cm x 25 cm) was good choice.

Biomass ; Isatis ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; growth & development

Australia ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Safety Management ; methods ; organization & administration