The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased rapidly worldwide, although most patients can survive for a long time without developing symptoms. While most thyroid cancers are treated with thyroidectomy alone, some patients are given additional radioactive iodine (RAI) in the form of 131I to treat thyroid cancer metastasis. RAI is associated with acute and chronic complications. Secondary malignancies are the most important in long-term cancer survivors. While many studies have reported the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia after high-dose RAI, there are few reports on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after low-dose RAI treatment. Moreover, previous cases of CML following thyroid cancer were reported before the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Here, we describe two cases of CML following thyroid cancer that were successfully treated with second-generation TKIs.
Humans ; Incidence ; Iodine* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Survivors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy