Objective:To compare the ocular tissue concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbit's eyes after topically and subconjunctivally administrated with levofloxacin (LVFX).Methods:The concentrations of LVFX in the cornea,aqueous humor,iris-ciliary body,lens and vitreous at different times were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after 0.3% LVFX were topically and subconjunctivally administrated into rabbits.Results:The penetration of LVFX into the cornea,iris-ciliary body,lens and vitreous after subconjunctival injection was significantly higher than that of topically applied one( P

Objective To investigate the safety of inhalation of isoflurane (ISO) or sevoflurane (SEVO) mixed with nitric oxide (NO) during mechanical ventilation.Methods Thirty-six healthy piglets of both sexes weighing 7-11 kg were randomly allocated to one of 6 groups ( n = 6 each): (1) control group was mechanically ventilated with O2; (2) NO group inhaled 20 ppm NO; (3) ISO group inhaled 1.3 MAC isoflurane; (4) ISO + NO group 1.3 MAC isoflurane + 20 ppm NO; (5) SEVO group inhaled 1.3 MAC sevoflurane and (6) SEVO + NO group inhaled 1.3 MAC sevoflurane + 20 ppm NO. The animals were mechanically ventilated with IPPV (VT 10 ml?kg-1 , RR 30-40 bpm, I: E 1:2) for 4 h in the all 6 groups. The animals were premedicated with atropine 0.02 mg?kg-1 i.m. . The Ⅳ line was established for fluid and drug administration. An additional dose of ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 was given i.v. before tracheostomy. 4F S-G catheter was placed in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein for hemodynamic monitoring. Femoral artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and collection of artrerial blood samples. MAP, HR, CVP, right ventricular pressure (RVP), PCWP, MPAP and total compliance of respiratory system (Crs), Paw, VT and PET CO2 were recorded before (T0 ) and at 1, 2, 3, 4 h of ventilation (T1-4). Blood samples were taken at T0 , T2 and T4 for determination of Met Hb and NO2- /NO3- . The animals were killed at the end of 4 h mechanical ventilation and the lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry(W/D) lung weight ratio, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and microscopic examination. BALF was collected for determination of surface tension and concentrations of saturated phosphate (DSPC) , total phosphate (TPL) total protein (TP) and white cell count. Results Crs was significantly decreased at the end of ventilation (T4 ) as compared with the baseline (T0) in group 3,4,5 and 6, while there was no significant change in Crs in group 1 and 2. DSPC/TP was significantly lower in group 3,4,5 and 6 than in group 1 ( P 0.05 ) . Conclusion 1.3 MAC isoflurane or sevoflurane mixed with 20 ppm NO can be used safely during mechanical ventilation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of bilevel positive airway pressure mechanical ventilation (BiPAP) in the patients of acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning (AOPP) with respiratory failure. Methods 44 AOPP patients with respiratort failure were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 22) and control group (n = 22). The routine trentment was given to both groups, additional BiPAP assisted ventilation was given to the treatment group. Blood gas,heart rate and respiratory rate were detected before and 2 h,24 h,48 h after treatment, and the rote of intubatinn,mortality,duration and cost of hospitalization were compared between two groups. Results Heart rate,PaO2 was significantly increased and PaCO2 decreased in BiPAP ventilation (P <0. 05). The mortality,intubatien rate and cost of hospitalization were significantly decreased in BiPAP treatment group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The BiPAP ventilation is certainly effective to acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning with respiratory failure. It could obviously improve the clinical symptoms and arterial blood gas analysis, and could reduce the mortaiity, rate of intubotion,cost of hospitalization of patients of acute organophosphoms pesticides poisoning with respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://www.cnki.net/) and Wanfang Database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) for articles addressing material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate published from 2000 to 2009. The key words included "bone plate, material science characteristics, biocompatibility, clinical application". Testing articles with reliable argument and evidence as well as close topic were included, and simultaneously, non-original articles were excluded. Ultimately, 25 articles were included. We arranged and analyzed material science characteristics, clinical application, advantages and disadvantages of bone plate. RESULTS: From the material science characteristics, the elastic modulus of bone plate should be close to skeleton so as to reduce stress occlusion effects. In clinical application, we should pad attention to the bonding of biological fixation and mechanical fixation to improve plate structure, resulting in decrease in contacting area of plate and skeleton to diminish or prevent osteoporosis in local regions. CONCLUSION: Presently, bone plate materials mainly contain stainless steel, cobalt alloy and titanium alloy in clinic with their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, medical titanium alloy is an ideal in vivo implant. In clinical application, less invasive stabilization plate provides a powerful technique security for early recovery of motor function following fracture, and shows a spacious application prospect.

Objective To explore the relationship between the severity of coronary artery lesion and the level of serum bilirubin, uric acid in elder people. Methods 192 elder patients underwent coronary angiography were divided into 5 groups according to the severity of coronary lesion: normal(group A), vessel stenosis

Objective To evaluate the long term efficacy of radical cystectomy and ileal conduit in the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods 196 cases of bladder tumor treated from Jan. 1985 to Jan. 2000 with radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for urinary diversion were studied retrospectively. Results Bladder neck or trigone was involved by the neogrowth in 126(64.3%).The growth has been invasive in 145(74.0%). 93.4%(183/196) of the tumor were transitional cell carcinoma. Early operative complication occurred in 19(9.7%) and late complication in 10(7.4%).On following up for 1 to 15 years with a mean of 6.6 years,the 5 year survival rate has been 66.2%. Conclusions Radical cystectomy is the optimal in treating invasive bladder tumor and ileal conduit is a good means of urinary diversion which is simple with minimal complications.

The pharmacodynamics and its circulatory effects of alcuronium and atracurium were investigated in cardiac and noncardiac surgical patients.The results demonstrated that:l Compared with atracurium group,the duration of action of alcuronium is longer in cardiac patients than that of non-cardiac patients, but there is no difference in the onset of action between these two groups; 2. Half of the patients which received alcuronium need reversal with neostigminel 3. The effects on the circulation of these two drugs were nor remarkable;Therefore,alcuronium is also suitable for cardiac and non-cardiac surgical patients

desflurane. The one of hepatotoxic mechanism of inhatational anesthetics may be to inhibit the proliferation and albumin secretion.

Ⅳ, SVR and PVR decreased markedly at the same time MERO 2 and MDO 2/MVO 2 dod not change significantly but MVO 2/MDO 2 showed a tendency of decreasing after the inotropics administration compared with the control group Electronic microscopy examinations: 30min after the inotropics were stoped, the myocardial ultrastructure of ischemic area did not improved significantly in group Ⅱ and Ⅲversus the group Ⅰ, but in group Ⅵ, Ⅴ and Ⅳ, the interstitial and intracellular edema reduced markedly, the capillary stasis vanished, and very few vacuole could be seen in mitochondria Conclusions 1 The response of stunned myocardium to ? agonists decreases 2 Inotropic can restore regional work by restoring mechanical synchrony and improving energy efficiency, the effects of combined inotropics are better than the inotropics given alone in myocardial stunning