Objective To prepare carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles (Ab-PTX-NPs),and investigate the targeting capability and inhibition to the ovarian cancer cell in vitro.Methods Single-emulsion/solvent evaporation (O/W) and carbodiimide method were used to prepare the Ab-PTX-NPs.The size of nanoparticles was determined by Malvern analyzer.The encapsulation and drug loaded efficiency of paclitaxel were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.And the drug release characteristics was measured by dialysis method in constant temperature shaker.The targeting ability of Ab-PTX-NPs to the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell was evaluated by the laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry.And the inhibition ability of Ab-NPs was investigated by the CCK-8 assays.Results The size of Ab-PTX-NPs was (397.70±99.95)nm.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of PTX were (67.26±4.15) ％ and (6.31±0.39) ％,respectively.The conjugating rate of Anti-CEA antibody was (92.74 ± 5.75) ％.The targeting study in vitro showed that such a number of contrast agents landed around the SKOV3 cells in targeting group,and the mean fluorescence intensity of ovarian cells in targeting group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05).After 24 h,the viability rate of ovarian cells in targeting group was lower than the non-target group (P＜0.05),only higher than that of the pure PTX group (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the targeting group and the pure PTX group (P＞0.05) at 48 h.Conclusion The CEA targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles are successfully prepared.It can enhance ultrasound imaging well after activated by LIFU.With high drug-loading efficiency and fast drug release velocity,the Ab-PTX-NPs appeares great targeted ability.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the isoforms of IKAROS in the bone marrow samples from children with acute B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to investigate the relationship between frequency of dominant-negative (DN) IKAROS isoforms and prognosis of B-ALL, and to preliminarily study the relevant mechanism.

METHODSA total of 137 children with newly diagnosed B-ALL, who sequentially entered the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2005 and September 2010, were included in the study. Nest-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and TA cloning were used to analyze the expression of IKAROS isoforms in these children. The relationship between frequency of DN IKAROS isoforms and prognosis of B-ALL was investigated.

RESULTSOf the 137 children with newly diagnosed B-ALL, 16 had expression of IK6, 14 had expression of IK4, and 2 had expression of IK7. There was significant difference in 2.5-year event-free survival between the cohorts of DN IKAROS and non-DN IKAROS (P=0.01). Analysis of the 10 paired of diagnosis/relapse samples from 10 patients with recurrence showed that 8 of 10 paired diagnosis and relapse samples had inconsistent expression of IKAROS isoforms. The rate of IK6 expression in relapse samples from 21 relapse ALL patients was significantly higher than in the 137 children with newly diagnosed ALL (62% vs 12%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of DN IKAROS isoforms can be a poor prognostic factor in B-ALL and is closely associated with recurrence of B-ALL.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Ikaros Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics

Objective To observe the influence of silencing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)gene on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of glioblastoma U87 cells. Methods The samples were divided into 3 groups: blank group: samples without giving any treatments, control group: cells with empty shRNA vector, and experimental group: cells with HIF-1α-shRNA transfection complex. HIF-1α gene was silenced by shRNA constructed in early time; and HIF-1α-shRNA lentivirus vector was constructed in the experimental group, and then transfected into glioblastoma U87 cells with the mediation of liposome. The interference efficiency was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting, and cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay; cell migration in vitro was observed by migration test, and invasion and metastasis abilities were detected by Transwell booth model. Results As compared with those in cells of the control and blank groups, the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α in cells of the experimental group were significantly decreased; MTT assay showed that the cell proliferation in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups (P<0.05). The number of penetrating cells of the blank group, control group and experimental group in Transwell chamber invasion assay were (125.2±10.8), (118.3±8.3), (60.9±5.4), respectively, and significant differences were noted between each 2 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α in U87 cells are efficiently depressed by HIF-1α-shRNA, and so are the proliferation, invasion and metastasis abilities of U87 cells.

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level.Its main purpose,also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform,is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources.This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM.A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed.Descriptive analysis,independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales.Village doctors with different years of practice,social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P＜0.05).Age (P＜0.05) and years of practice (P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management.Essential medical knowledge level (P＜0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well.However,social insurance status (P＜0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management.Gender,age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P＜0.01).In conclusion,in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China,a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed.In addition,the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced.Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially herbal medicine, has been widely used in China and now is also being increasingly used in other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although many studies have demonstrated that certain Chinese herbal products are effective and safe for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, most of these lack sufficient quality. Therefore, large randomized clinical trials and further scientific research to determine its safety, effectiveness are necessary.QiShen YiQi Dripping Pills (QSYQDP) is a herbal preparation clinically used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. Preliminary observations have shown its safety and effectiveness. Methods/Design This randomized, controlled trial will recruit 3600 patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Patients will be randomized into two groups by a Centr-Randomized System. One group receives QSYQDP, the other group receive aspirin. This trial protocol will describe eligibility criteria, detailed information on the treatment definition, blinding, endpoints, statistical methods, sample size determination, data management, legal aspects, and the current status of the trial. Discussion This trial is one of the first randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. The results of this study should help to define the role of TCM in modern medical care, as well as to provide the management strategy for CAD patients in China and other countries.

Objective To study the genotypes of representative Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains from China with spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping),and to investigate the prevalence of different genotypes TB in China,and analyse the relationship between genotype and drug resistance.Methods 4017 clinical isolates were collected by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2008 in 31 provinces in China according to sampling principle of epidemiology.Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method,and spoligotyping was chosen to carry out genotyping of these M.tuberculosis.In addition,chi-square test was used to compare the differences among the detection rate of different genotypes.Results Among the 4017 M.tuberculosis isolates,2500 ( 62.2％ ) isolates belonged to Beijing genotype.The percentage of Beijing genotypes in the northern of China was higher than that in the southern of China ( 76.5％ vs.53.2％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ),while T1 genotypes were more common in the southern China,compared with that in northern China ( 13.3％ vs.4.3％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).The differences were statistically significant.The proportions of Rifampinresistant (21.7％ vs.21.7％ ),Ofloxacin-resistant (4.9％ vs.2.4％ ) and Multidrug-resistant ( 11.3％vs.7.4％ ) isolates among Beijing genotype strains were significantly higher than those among non-Beijing strains (x2 =22.10,14.42 and 14.83,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Beijing genotype was still predominant epidemic genotypes.The percentage of Beijing genotype showed difference between distinct areas,and the percentage of Beijing genotypes in northern China was higher than that in southern China.Beijing genotype strains reveal correlation with Rifampin-resistance,Ofloxacin-resistance and Multidrug-resistance.

AIMTo investigate the change of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit expression in temple cortex, frontal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum of three different group rat after 98 dB wide frequency noise exposure.

METHODSWestern Blot and RT-PCR technique, combined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement.

RESULTS(1) Expressions of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in frontal cortex, temple cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum have no difference, but AD model rat is much weaker than the control group. (2) Expression of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in temple cortex for physiological saline groups rat have a mostly increase (plus noise), moreover, those are weakest expression in hippocampus. NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in cerebellum have highest expression, moreover, it is weakest in temple cortex. (3) NMDAR1 (zeta1), NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) subunit expression in hippocampus for three groups rat have a down-regulation after adding noise. (4) NMDAR1 (zeta 1), NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) subunit mRNA expression in control group have no remarkable difference in different cortex. (5) Expressions of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in frontal temple cortex, hippocampus for AD model rat are less than that of other groups, weakest in cerebellum, weaker in frontal.

CONCLUSIONWide band frequency noise can reduce the expression of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in hippocampus and cerebellum of AD model rat, however, the way of regulation is not in the mRNA level. Wide band frequency noise can inhibit the expression of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in hippocampus, temple cortex of AD model rat, which has been regulated by mRNA level and have cortex area difference.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Glutamic Acid ; poisoning ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

We report on two Korean siblings with multiple congenital anomalies : microcephaly, gyral abnormality, minor facial anomalies, and congenital nephrotic syndrome. The first infant developed proteinuria at age 3 days. This condition appeared similar to that described by Galloway and Mowat and reviewed by Cooperstone, et al, especially the presence of abnormal gyral patterns. She died at 19 months. The second infant; the brother of the first baby had a very similar condition. These two cases may represent the first cases of Galloway-Mowat syndrome in the Korean population.
Humans ; Infant ; Microcephaly ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Siblings*

Objective To evaluate the role of new strategy in the transmission control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake re-gion. Methods The information and epidemic data of schistosomiasis control were collected and analyzed in Poyang Lake re-gion from 2005 to 2016. Results After eleven years of carrying out the new strategy,thirteen counties achieved the objective of transmission control in Poyang Lake region. In 2016,the number of schistosomiasis cases and human infection rate were 10301 and 0.03％,decreased by 89.64％and 99.45％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The number of cattle and schistosome-infected cattle were 68152 and 5,decreased by 50.84％and 99.83％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The average density of Oncomelania hupensis snails was decreased by 61.52％. No schistosome-infected snails were found since 2014. Con-clusion The new strategy accurately locates the key points and targets of schistosomiasis transmission chain ,which has con-trolled the human and animal's fecal eggs from polluting grassland,and cut off the transmission chain,reduced both the infec-tion rates of human and animal and the re-infection risk,and promoted to achieve the target of schistosomiasis transmission con-trol in Poyang Lake region.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of children with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and its relationship with prognosis.

METHODSThe expression of ZFX in human leukemia cell lines (REH, HL-60, NB(4) and K562) was measured by Western blot. ZFX gene was cloned by PCR from one patient and DNA sequencing technology was used to confirm it. Real-time PCR was used for detecting ZFX mRNA expression in the BMMCs of 82 children with newly-diagnosed B-ALL, 24 children with complete remission (CR) after induction therapy and 64 control children (fracture or congenital heart disease patients). According to the presence of bone marrow or central nervous system relapse during a follow-up of 3 years, the patients were identified as having a good or poor prognosis. Their ZFX mRNA levels in BMMCs at diagnosis were compared.

RESULTSZFX protein was expressed in human leukemia cell lines REH, HL-60, NB(4) and K562. ZFX mRNA expression was significantly higher in the newly-diagnosed ALL group than in the control group (P < 0.01). ZFX mRNA expression in the ALL CR group was significantly reduced compared with the newly-diagnosed ALL group (P < 0.01). Children with a poor prognosis had significantly higher ZFX mRNA levels at diagnosis than those with a good prognosis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSZFX is over-expressed in children with B-ALL and its levels are higher in those with a poor prognosis than those with a good prognosis, which suggests that ZFX is important in the prognosis evaluation of B-ALL.

Adolescent ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction