ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of overtaking of liquor on the expression of caspase-3 in the mouse seminiferous tubule.MethodsAdult mice were given liquor through the stomach.The dose was 4g/kg body weight per day for 5 continuous days.Hybridization in situ was performed for detecting the caspase-3 expression in the mouse seminiferous tubule.ResultsIn the control group,there were few Caspase-3 positive cells in the mouse seminiferous tubule.In the group of five days taking liquor,the caspase-3 positive cell count increased obviously.In the group of ten days taking liquor,the caspase-3 positive cell count was maximum.ConclusionAlcohol could induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cell.

Objective To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on guinea pig papillary muscle action potential Methods The guinea pig papillary muscle preparation was exposed to ropivacaine (1, 3 or 5?g?ml -1 ) or bupivacaine ( 1, 3 and 5?g?ml -1 ) respectively, to measure maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax ), action potential amplitude (APA),action potential duration at 50% of repolarization(APD 50 ), and action potential duration at 90% of repolarization(APD 90 ) Results Vmax significantly decreased after exposure to both agents at all concentrations, Vmax decreased by 27 4% with ropivacaine at 5?g?ml -1 , and the degree was similar to that with bupivacaine at 3 ?g?ml -1 (28 4%) ,but was significantly lower than that with bupivacaine at 5 ?g?ml -1 (42 6%) (P

0 05), while the difference between RBco and TDco was significant before CPB was started and 60min after termination of CPB (P

AIM: To investigate the anti-DIC effect of the domestic recombinant hirudin (rH) in order to provide preclinical pharmacological basis for its new drug application. METHODS: DIC was induced by constant iv infusion of thrombin (100 U?kg -1 ?h -1 ?1 h) plus PAMBA (50 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 ?1 h). Platelet count (PLT), PT and fibrinogen (FIB) determination as well as plasmaprotamine paracoagulation (3P) test served as diagnostic indexes of DIC, while pathlogical examination of microthrombosis of lungs and kidneys was followed. RESULTS: rH 125,62.5,31.25 and 15.625 ?g?kg -1 iv. gtt demonstrated a dose-dependant inhibitory effect on DIC. The inhibitory effects on DIC of rH(%) were 89.38%, 52.60%, 49.71% and 25.58% for PT, and 100.01% , 61.86%, 58.40% and 32.68% for PLT, and 85.22%, 73.01%, 33.60% and 14.86% for FIB respectively at the descending order of rH doses. CONCLUSION: Domestic rH being tested has powerful anti-DIC effect which is comparable with refludan—an r-hirudin product approved by European Community for marketing.

Objective: To observe the effects of panaxtriol saponin (PTS) on CK-MB, cTnI, IL-6, TNF-α, and ultrastructure against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, MIRI model, positive control, and 22.5, 45, and 90 mg/kg PTS groups. Animal MIRI model was made by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Drug was given for seven consecutive days before the operation by ip injection. Rats were sacrificed after 30 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion. CK-MB, cTnI, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum were measured and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed. Real time PCR was used to evaluate change of NRF2 and HO-1 mRNA level in myocardial tissue. Results: Compared with model, PTS 45 and 90 mg/kg reduced the CK-MB, cTnI, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum and improve the myocardium ultrastructure. Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA levels in PTS treatment group were higher than those in MIRI model group. Conclusion: PTS plays a crucial role in cardioprotection against the ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. The protective mechanism suggests that PTS could stimulate NRF2/HO-1 expression in myocardial tissue and then inhibit myocardial inflammation.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.004

Objective To investigate the effect of potassium channel blocker tetraethtylamine (TEA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2) through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods TEA acted on HEp-2.The methyl thiazolyl blue (MTT) method was used to determine the Hep-2 cell activity and the proliferation inhibition rate of TEA on Hep-2 was calculated;the Hoechest33258 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis,and the Hep-2 apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) assay.Results After inoculation by 5,10,20 mmol/L TEA,the Hep-2 cell proliferation inhibition rate reached 12.573%,31.385% and 56.132%,respectively.After 96 h Hep-2 cell action,the cellular apoptosis rates were (41.64±2.67)%,(58.76±4.32)% and (72.65±6.54)% respectively,the inhibition rate and apoptosis rate in the TEA treating group were significantly higher than those in the non-TEA treating group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion TEA can inhibit the proliferation and in vivo growth of human laryngeal carcinoma cells and promotes the apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells.

Objectives To investigate the effects of Apelin 13 on myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wister rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC,n=8) and experimental group (n =32).Diabetic rats model were induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM,n=14) and apelin-13 treated group (n=14).In the Apelin-13 group,diabetic rats were administered Apelin-13 [0.1 μmol/(kg · d)]by intraperitoneal injection for 10 weeks,while the control group and diabetic model group were given an equal volume of 0.9％ NaCl.At the end of the 10th week,all rats were sacrificed after fasting glucose measurement.Levels of serum free fatty acids (FFA) and myocardial FFA were measured by ELISA.Expression of myocardial glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) were detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expressions of myocardial PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results Fasting blood glucose,serum FFA and myocardial FFA were significantly higher in DM group than in NC group (all P＜ 0.05).The level of plasma glucose and myocardial FFA were significant lower(P＞0.05) in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group;but serum FFA was not significantly lower(P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of PPARα,CD36,CPT-1 in cardiac myocyte were higher in DM group and Apelin-13 treated group than in control(P＜0.05),and lower in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group(P＜ 0.05).The expression of myocardial GLUT4 was significantly lower in DM group(1.138±0.316)and in Apelin-13-treated group (4.631 ± 1.832) than in NC group(9.132 ± 2.156),(F=65.507,P＜ 0.05),and higher in Apelin-13-treated group than in DM group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Apelin-13 increases myocardial expression of GLUT4,improves utilization of FFA,and it can effectively reduce the expression of PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1.Therefore,it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.

Objective To observe the prokinetic effect of domperidone on esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and compare its effect with that of mosapride and cisapride. Methods In vivo experiments: forty rats were divided into control, domperidone, mosapride, and eisapride groups. Strain gauges were planted in proximal esophagus, distal esophagus and LES to record the activities of esophagus and LES in conscious rat. In vitro experiments: in the thermostatic muscle bath, the prokinetic effect of domperidone, mosapride, and cisapride on the contractility of rat muscle strips from esophagus body and LES were recorded by tone-transducers. Results In vivo experiments, ① In the interdigestive period of resting conscious rats, only mild contraction activities were recoded in esophagus bodies. In LES, typical interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) with phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ was recorded. The contraction amplitude of LES was much greater than esophagus body. ② Domperidone significantly enhanced the contraction of esophagus body and LES. The mean contraction amplitude of proximal esophagus, distal esophagus, and LES increased by 63.24%±7.17%, 75.54%±5.27%, and 85.81%±6.02%, respectively, compared with controls. The prokinetic effect showed a dose-effect relation. Mosapride at the same dosage increased the mean contraction amplitude of proximal esophagus, distal esophagus, and LES by 29. 71%±4.15%, 40.15%±3.30%, and 35.24%±5.36%, respectively, compared with controls. The prokinetic effects of mosapride on esophagus and LES were much less than domperidone. Cisapride at the same dosage increased the mean contraction amplitude of proximal esophagus, distal esophagus, and LES by 59.84%±6.55%, 70.11%±5.62%, and 75.13%± 5.10%, respectively, compared with controls. The prokinetic effects of cisapride were similar as domperidone. In vitro experiments. ① Domperidone perfusion could significantly increase the contraction of esophagus body and LES muscle strips by 87.74%±7.65% and 92.44±7.17%, respectively, compared with Krebs-Ringer (KR) solution perfuslon. Mosapride at the same dosage increased the mean contraction amplitude by 35.42%±5.02% and 31.12%±4.32%, respectively, compared with KR controls. The prokinetic effects of mosapride were much less than domperidone. Cisapride of the same dosage showed a similar prokinetic effect as domperidone. ② Atropine and tetrodotoxin could block the prokinetic effects of domperidone on esophagus and LES. Conclusions Domperidone can significantly enhance the esophagus body contraction and LES motility. The effects of domperidone are similar as cisapride and much greater than mosapride. The prokinetic effects of domperidone on esophagus and LES are not only through well-known dopaminergic receptor blockade, but also through the cholinergic nerves of the enteric nervous system.

After oral administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), Panax notoginseng (Sanqi in Chinese) and Danshen Sanqi combination suspensions to Beagle dogs, the plasma concentration-time profiles of danshensu, tanshinone II(A), cryptotanshinone, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed with BAPP 2.0 software. The results showed that the Cmax and AUC of danshensu, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Danshen Sanqi combination group all decreased in comparison with those of Danshen or Sanqi given alone, while the CLz/F and Vz/F increased to some extent. No significant differences of the pharmacokinetics of tanshinone II(A) and cryptotanshinone were observed between groups.