Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of chyluria with different methods,flushing pelvis with argenti nitras and nephrolympholysis.Methods:53 cases of chyluria devied into two groups,recived the treament with these two different methods,then observed the rate of chyluria recurrence.Results:45.5%(10/22)cases which treated by flushing pelvis with argenti nitras were observed chyluria recurrence in a short time(average 1.3months),but only two cases(2/31,6.5%) were found chyluria recurrence of opposite side kidney in the nephrolympholysis group.Conclusions:nephrolympholysis is a safe and effective treament with chylria,better than flushing pelvis with argenti nitras.

Objective:To analyze the cause and treatment of ureteral stenosis in the early stage after kidney transplantation.Methods:250 cases of the kidney transplantation since 1993 to 2007 were collected and analyzed, including 141 men and 109 women,240 cadaveric transplantations and 10 living dononr transplantations. Results:In 8 cases(3.2%) ureteral stenosis occurred in the early stage following the renal transplantation;including hematoma compression(2cases);stenosis of ureter- bladder stoma(2cases);ureter torsion(1case);transplantal kidney torsion(1case);stomal leak(1case) and hydropsia of spermatic cord(1case). 7 cases required another surgical operation to remove the obstruction and the renal function recovered in these cases. Conclusion:The ureteral stenosis in the early stage of kidney transplantation was mostly contributed to the surgical reasons such as mis-perfamance. The occurance rate of ureteral stenosis should be reduced if each one step of the kidney transplantation is carefully performed. The open surgical managemen is a direct and effective method to remove the obstruction.

Objective:To compare the different ways of pulling out ureter double-J stent in females.Methods:172 female patients requiring urter double-J stent for different cases were chosen,including upper urinary calculus(150 cases),hydronephrosis with urterostenosis(14 cases),Ormond’s syndrome(3 cases) and postradiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer(5 cases).These cases were divided into three groups with different ways of pulling out the urter double-J stent.Results:The achievement ratio of cystoscope(100%) and rat-tooth forceps(98.1%) were higher than the blood vessel forceps(92.1%).Conclusion:The cystoscope operation requires the special equipment and cost more money and time.Compared to the blood vessel forceps,using the rat-tooth forceps to pull out the female ureter double-J stent is safe and more effective.

Objective:To introduce the experience on 8 cases living-related donor kidney transplantation(LD KT) in the past two years. Methods:8 patients underwent LDKT.The living donors(6 males and 2 females) received fully medical evaluation before operation. All cases were donated by blood relationship donors. CTA,ECT,HLA matching,PRA and CDC were done pre-operations. All t he donors underwent open nephrectomy,in which 5 cases donated right kidneys and 3 cases donated lef t kidneys. All the case underwent t he first renal transplantation. Triple-combined immuno suppressive protocols consisted of calcineurin inhibitors(CNI),MMF and steroid. Results:All donors were discharged in ten days postoperation. Af ter followed up for 2 months to 14 months,all the donors kept normal kidney function without impairment of life quality. All the recipients were discharged in 28 days with normal kidney function,and keep the normal renal f unction till to now. Conclusion: Accurate pre-operation assessment of the donor's safe and choose the donor kidney,good surgical technique are critical for the success. Optimal HLA matches and reasonable using of immunosuppressants can make the grafts survived long term. Living-rela ted donor kidney transplantation is a safe and effective reatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and outcome of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).Methods Thirty-three cases of RPF treated in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology were analyzed retrospectively,including the clinical characteristics and laboratory data.Results RPF occurred predominantly in elderly men with untypical clinical manifestations such as back pain,abdominal pain and lower limb edema.In laboratory tests,the inflammatory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein increased significantly,and renal function failure was frequent finding in patients with urethral obstruction.All patients had retroperitoneal soft tissue image or urethral obstruction on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging,four of which had histological diagnosis of idiopathic RPF.Twenty-three patients received surgical interventions.Eighteen patients received medical treatment alone including corticosteroids,immunosuppressants,and tamoxifen.Nine patients received corticosteroids after surgical intervention.Surgery and medical treatments are effective for idiopathic RPF.Conclusion Image examination is valuable in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PRF.Pathological diagnosis is the golden standard.Long-term low dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may prevent relapse of idiopathic RPF.

In order to observe the therapeutic effect of Eight Battle Points for simple obesity.Methods:In the treatment of 98 cases of the patients with obesity by the oblique puncture of long needles into Eight Battle Points,the body weight,body weight index (BWI),waist circumference,buttock circumference and fat distribution rate of the patients were measured and assessed respectively before and after the treatments.And the changes of complications of obesity were observed before and after the treatments.Results:There were significant differences (P＜0.05) in various indexes of obesity before and after acupuncture treatment.Conclusion:Acupuncture by puncturing Shenque(CV 8) plus Eight Battle Points is positive in the treatment of obesity and has a better therapeutic effect for complications of obesity.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of specific allergen immunotherapy (AIT)for the children with al-lergic asthma and rhinitis.Methods The in vitro specific allergen test system was adopted to detect allergen specific IgE and total IgE in children outpatients of the Children's Hospital.The children patients with dust mite allergy were divided into groups for con-ducting therapy.The immunotherapy group adopted the Dermatophagoides farinae drops for hypoglossis desensitization therapy, while the control group was performed the anti-allergic therapy by the common drugs.The clinical control indicator scores were per-formed after 6-months and 12-month therapy and at the same time the change of serum specific LgE was observed.Results Among 218 cases of allergy,114 cases(52.4%)were inhalation allergy and 101 cases (46.3%)were food allergy.98 cases of dust mite al-lergy accounted for 44.95% of the total allergy and 85.96% of the inhalation allergy.The difference in the curative effects between the AIT group and the control group had statistical significance(P <0.01).Conclusion Among 218 children cases of allergy,the dust mite allergy was maximum in the specific allergen detection;the hypoglossis specific immunotherapy has significant curative effect for the children with allergic asthma and rhinitis.

To improve the quality of full English teaching of urology for foreign students,our experiences are: choose the excellent teaching staff,choose and prepare teaching material carefully,make CAI courseware accurately and popularly,enrich teaching component,pay attention to the background of the foreign students,and apply new teaching model with communications.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is the energy transfer from an activated donor fluorophore to a receiving fluorophore. The efficiency of the energy transfer is the function of the distance between the two fluorophores, and is very sensitive to the distance. Its effective response distance is between 1~10 nm, thus it can be used to measure the distance between atoms or molecules. The feature of FRET is very useful in researches on conformational changes, interaction between macromolecules and signal transductions within live cells, and FRET has become a powerful tool in biomedical investigations. However, biological processes often involve interactions between more than two macromolecules, and FRET using two color fluorophores cannot meet the research demand. Recently, two research groups made breakthrough, establishing a novel FRET technique using three color fluorophores based on confocol microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The invention will significantly advance researches in biological and related fields.

Objective To evaluate the effects of limited fluid resuscitation on septic shock caused by myocardial injury . Methods 60 severe traumatic sepsis and septic shock patients were randomly divided into study group and control group ,with 30 cases in each group ,the control group was given active fluid resuscitation ,maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in 70 mm Hg ;the study group were treated with limited fluid resuscitation ,namely when MAP rose to a slow infusion rate 50-60 mm Hg ,we restrict the amount of fluid ,maintain MAP at about 50 mm Hg ,observe and record the two groups of patients hemodynam-ics index ,APACHE Ⅱ score and heart function index ,and compared serum cTnI ,NT proBNP and CRP in the two groups .Results (1)In study group the infusion volume before admission was (258 ± 105)mL ,preoperative was (558 ± 226)mL ;in the control group that of before admission was (816 ± 422)mL ,preoperative was (1 668 ± 780) mL (P<0 .05) .The mortality rate in study group was 13 .3% ,the mortality in control group rate was 26 .7% (P<0 .05) .(2) the HR and blood lactic acid levels in two groups decreased significantly after treatment ,MAP and CVP increased significantly (P<0 .05);there were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters (P>0 .05) .(3)After the treatment APACHEⅡscore of the two groups was significantly decreased ,car-diac output ,stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased in control group ,the study group were better than control group (P<0 .05) .(4) The plasma cTnI ,NT proBNP ,CRP levels of the two groups significantly decreased after treat-ment (P<0 .05) ,plasma cTnI ,NT proBNP and CRP levels of research group were significantly lower than that of control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Limited fluid resuscitation can maintain hemodynamic ,reduce the interference on the internal environment ,re-duce myocardial injury ,and improve the success rate of treatment .