No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of job stress, hardness and burnout among emergency room nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 110 emergency room nurses from three university hospital and three general hospital, with more than 500 beds, in G city and J region. Data collection was done from October 11 to November 12, 2010. RESULTS: The score of job stress was 3.8 out of 5 point, the score of hardness was 2.6 out of 4 point, and the score of burnout was 3.3 out of 5 point. Burnout was found to be in a significant positive correlation with job stress and significant negative correlation with hardness. The main predictors of burnout were to hardness, job stress and night duty, and these variables explained 45.2% about burnout. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the higher job stress was in higher burnout and the higher hardness was in the lower burnout. It is necessary to create improvement ways and programs to reduce and prevent burnout of emergency room nurses.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of job stress, hardness and burnout among emergency room nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 110 emergency room nurses from three university hospital and three general hospital, with more than 500 beds, in G city and J region. Data collection was done from October 11 to November 12, 2010. RESULTS: The score of job stress was 3.8 out of 5 point, the score of hardness was 2.6 out of 4 point, and the score of burnout was 3.3 out of 5 point. Burnout was found to be in a significant positive correlation with job stress and significant negative correlation with hardness. The main predictors of burnout were to hardness, job stress and night duty, and these variables explained 45.2% about burnout. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the higher job stress was in higher burnout and the higher hardness was in the lower burnout. It is necessary to create improvement ways and programs to reduce and prevent burnout of emergency room nurses.

Segmentally distributed cutaneous eruptions and neuralgia are common manifestations of herpes zoster. However, motor loss is another aspect of this manifestation, which is less well known and considered a rare finding. In many cases the loss of motor function may be easily overlooked because the pain is the more prominent feature and the weakness probably goes unrecognized with only a mild impairment of the motor function. We experienced a 71-year-old male patient with a herpes zoster-related motor paralysis of right arm whose clinical features of a weak limb mimicked other spinal motor diseases and confirmed motor involvement using electromyographic (EMG) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) studies.
Aged ; Arm ; Extremities* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Neuralgia ; Paralysis*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the alginic acid sodium salt on the delayed adjustable strabismus surgery by preventing the post operative tissue adhesion. 30 eyes of 15 rabbits had received an adjustable suture surgery. The alginic acid sodium salt of 4% was used during operation in 16 eyes among them by injecting it around the muscle, between the sclera and the conjunctiva. In the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 14th day postoperatively, we measured the pulling forces and the moving distances of the muscles during the adjustment. Then the eyes were enucleated and the histopathologic changes of the eyes were determined using the light microscope. The pulling forces and the moving distances of the muscles during the adjustment were significantly different between the alginic acid sodium salt free group and the alginic acid sodium salt used group. In the alginic acid sodium salt used group, the pulling forces were decreased and the moving distances were increased than those of the alginic acid sodium salt free group. The light microscopic examination showed more fibrosis in the alginic acid sodium salt free group than in the alginic acid sodium salt used group. These results suggest that the alginic acid sodium salt is an effective substance for the delayed adjustable suture surgery.
Conjunctiva ; Fibrosis ; Muscles ; Rabbits ; Sclera ; Sodium* ; Strabismus* ; Sutures ; Tissue Adhesions

To evaluate the surgical results of superior rectus recession with different amount according to the degree of eyeball deviation.We reviewed the surgical records of 36 eyes in 23 patients who had undergone superior rectus recession and followed up for at least 6 months.Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of deviation : Group 1[8-10PD, 4.0 mm recession], Group 2[11-20PD, 6.0 mmrecession], Group 3[21PD or greater, 8.0 mmrecession].Five PD or less after operation was regarded as acceptable. The success rate of Group 1 was 86.6%at the 6th month, 87.5% at the 12th month, and 83.8%at the 24th onth, respectively.In group 2 those were 87.5%, 75%, and 80%, respectively.In group 3 those were 60%, 50%, and 50%, respectively.The overall success rate as 83.3%at the 6th month, 75% at the 12th month, 75%at the 24th month.These results indicate that superior rectus recession with the different amount according to the degree of eyeball deviation is effective for the deviation under 20PD but not over 21PD.
Humans

Recently, various tube-shunt implants have been used in treating refractory glaucomas.They have large volumed reservoir portion made of hard materials.We made a new implant with soft and freely malleable membrane[expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, e-PTFE]as a reservoir portion attached to the conventional silicone tube. Based on the encouraging result from experimental animal study, we performed a clinical trial for the membrane-tube implant.We performed Glaucoma Tube-Shunt Implant surgery using double layers of e-PTFE membrane and silicone tube with its one end fixed between the two layers.The subjects had refractory glaucomas without useful vision who visited our hospital from May 1991 to Sep.1995. There were 40 eyes of 37 patients and their mean follow-up period was 32.6 months.We could control the IOP within 6~21 mms of mercury in 26 eyes[65.0%, Success].In remaining 14 eyes, we could not control the IOP or additional surgery was needed to control the IOP or treat severe complications[35.0%, Failure].The Kaplan-Meier Survival for IOP control was 78.4% at 1 yr, 71.6%at 2 yr, and 60.3%at 3 yr.The complications were similar to those of other commercially available Glaucoma implants. This new implant is made of soft, freely malleable membrane for the reservoir portion with small volume which can be inserted with smaller incision on the conjunctiva with less complication.We have obtained comparable result from this membrane-tube implant to other implants, and it may be considered as an another substitute for the treatment of refractory glaucomas.
Animals ; Conjunctiva ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Silicones

Fryns syndrome is a lethal syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies first described by Fryns et al in 1979. A recently developed major diagnostic criteria includes abnormal face, small thorax with widely spaced hypoplastic nipples, distal limb and nail hypoplasia, lung hypoplasia with diaphragmatic hernia, central nervous system anomalies and congenital heart disease. The pathogenesis of Fryns syndrome is not clear. Of the major immediate life-threatening abnormalities of this syndrome, lung hypoplasia associated with diaphragmatic hemia has usually proven to be fatal. We report a case of Fryns syndrome, which has the prenatal ultrasonographic findings of Dandy-Walker malformation and renal hypoplasia.
Central Nervous System ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Extremities ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Lung ; Nipples ; Thorax

Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS) was first described by Prader et al in 1956. This syndrome is characterized by diminished fetal activity, low birth weight, infantile hypotonia with feeding problem, temperature instability, early onset of childhood hyperphagia with consequent obesity, short stature, hypogonadism and mental retardation. The deletion of chromosome 15(del 15(qll-13)) was reported by Ledbetter in 1981, which was thought to be of paternal origin. Recently, such micro- deletion may be diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) that recognizes specific DNA base sequence. We experienced a Prader-Willi syndrome confirmed by FISH in an infant that had hypotonia, growth retardation, feeding difficulty and FUO since 1 month of age. We report this case with a brief review and related literature.
Base Sequence ; DNA ; Fetal Movement ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Hypogonadism ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Initial stability of implant is an important factor for predicting osseointegration. It requires a rapid, non-invasive, user-friendly technique to frequently assess the implant stability and the degree of osseointegration. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and the radiographic method for peri-implant bone change under in vitro conditions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty implants of 3.75 mm in diameter(Neoplant, Neobiotech, Korea) were used. To simulate peri-implant bone change, 2 mm-deep 45degrees range horizontal defect and 2 mm-deep 90 degrees range horizontal defect area were serially prepared perpendicular to the X-ray beam after conventional implant insertion. Customized film holding device was fabricated to standardize the projection geometry for serial radiographs of implants and direct digital image was obtained. ISQ values and gray values inside threads were measured before and after periimplant bone defect preparation. Results. Within a limitation of this study, ISQ value of resonance frequency analysis was changed according to peri-implant bone change (p<0.05) and gray value of radiographic method was changed according to peri-implant bone change (p<0.05). There was no correlation between the ISQ value and the gray value for peri-implant bone change (p>0.05). But, in horizontal defect condition, relatively positive correlation were between ISQ and gray values(r=0.663). CONCLUSION: This results provided a possibility that peri-implant bone change may be evaluated by both RFA and radiographic method.
Dental Implants ; Osseointegration ; Radiography