Objective To study the effects of two disinfection methods for simple respirators in order to select the better sterilization method for the disinfection of simple respirators.Methods One hundred and sixty simple respirators contaminated at the same degree were randomly divided into the manual group and the mechanical group equally .The former took the manual cleaning and disinfection and the latter the mechanical cleaning and disinfection for the disinfection and cleaning of simple respirators.The two groups were compared with regard to the qualified rate of disinfection at the outer and inner surface and the interface of the ball cavity after disinfection cleaning.Results The qualified rates of the mechanical cleaning and disinfection at various parts of the simple respirators were 100%.The qualified rate of manual cleaning and disinfection at the outer surface,the inner surface and the interface were 100%,91.25%and 93.75%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the disinfection effect at the outer surface and interface of simple respirators between the two groups(both P>0.05).But the two kinds of cleaning and disinfections at the inner surface of the respirators were significantly different as regards the qualified rate(P<0.05).Conclusion For the disinfection of simple respirator,the mechanical cleaning and disinfection is better than the manual cleaning and disinfection.

Ultrasound guided regional nerve blockade in children is a kind of safe,visualized and efficient regional nerve blockade which can be supervised,probe-controlled synchronously and share a brand future compared with traditional land-mark based technique and the intravenous opiates.The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research and application development of ultrasound guided nerve blockade in children undergoing groin surgery.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of half puncture plus transcutaneous acupoint electric stimulation in the treatment of infantile facial paralysis. Methods:A total of 60 patients with infantile facial paralysis were divided into a treatment group and a control group by the random digital table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with half puncture plus transcutaneous acupoint electric stimulation. The control group was treated with routine acupuncture. Before and after treatment, House-Brackmann (H-B) grading was used to evaluate the sick children respectively. The total effective rates were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results:After 6-course treatments, the total effective rate was 96.5% in the treatment group and 80.0% in the control group, there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05) in comparison of the total effective rate. After 6-course treatments, H-B scores were all elevated than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05); there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Half puncture plus transcutaneous acupoint electric stimulation is better than routine acupuncture in curative effect for infantile facial paralysis.

This article introduces four cases of children moyamoya disease,female central precocious puberty,children restless legs syndrome and damsel retrograde menstruation,which were treated by Yang Shaoshan.Doctor Yang insists that the pediatric difficult diseases should be treated with the methods of nourishing yin,nourishing kidney and lower evil fire and clearing and nourishing the Spleen and Stomach,of which protecting yin essence is therapeutic core.

Objective To verify that the length of mice fibroblast telomere can be shortened by D-gal.Methods The fibroblasts were from the heart tissue and passaged for 3-5 generations.After the fibroblasts were mixed with(C_(3)TA_(2))_(3)PNA labeled with FITC,the variation of fibroblast telomere length was detected by Flow-Fish.Results The length of fibroblast telomere can be shortened by D-gal.Conclusion D-gal can lead to the fibroblast telomere shortening.It demonstrates that D-gal can cause cellular senescence,which establishes the foundation for the senescence model of heart fibroblast.

Objective:The aim is to study the apoptosis and c-fos expression occurred in the rat gut following traumatic brain injury,and to explore the potential role of mucosal apoptosis in the intestinal barrier dysfunction and the relation of c-fos expression with the mucosal apoptosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(6 rats each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3,12,24,and 72,and on day 7.Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method.Rat jejunum was taken at each corresponding time point.Apoptosis was detected by in situ immunohistochemical staining(TUNEL) and c-fos expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:Mucosal epithelium appeared to be the major apoptotic cells,and the number of apoptotic cells increased since 3 h after TBI,peaking at 72 h postinjury.The apoptotic cells initially located at the tip of villus and gradually spread to the whole villus.The c-fos expression of gut mucosa gradually increased after TBI,predominantly in epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells and lymphocytes and with the maximal expression appeared at 24 h,72 h and 7 d postinjury.Conclusion:It is highly suggested that intestinal mucosa apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gut barrier damage,and c-fos expression might be highly responsible for the apoptosis,proliferation and renovation of the small intestinal mucosa.

Objective To build the steady framework of the nasal tip by using caudal septal advancement technique to obtain the permanent nasorostral configuration.Methods From Oct 2009 to Apr 2011,the caudal septal advancement technique was used to reconstruct the septum to make the septal anterior angel and the caudal septal margin reach the anticipated height and length of the tip,then medial crus and the vault of the lower lateral cartilage were sutured to the caudal septum to form the steady supporting structure of the nasal tip.Results 3-16 months follow-up in 26 cases showed that 2 cases appeared the staircase deformity in the junction of the bone and the cartilage in the dorsum,but the nasorostral configuration was good.3 cases whose tip and columella were deviated before the operation appeared the deviation again after 3 months but the nasorostral configuration was better than before.The other 21 cases were good.Conclusions It is a available method of using caudal septal advancement technique to form the steady nasorostral configuration.

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important nuclear transcription factor involved in a wide range of inflammatory mediators,adhesion molecules,chemokines and inflammatory-related enzymes in gene regulation,causing immune damage.Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1),an adhesion molecule,belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and can mediate adhesion of inflammatory cells and endothelial cells caused by inflammatory injury.VCAM-1 gene promoter region contains a series of many of the features of NF-κB site.NF-κB activation can increase the expression of VCAM-1 that causes the immune and inflammatory injury.Present study has found that immune inflammation is the basis of a variety of renal diseases.NF-κB,VCAM-1 in kidney disease and its research progress may be discussed in this article.

Objective:To analyze the cause and treatment of ureteral stenosis in the early stage after kidney transplantation.Methods:250 cases of the kidney transplantation since 1993 to 2007 were collected and analyzed, including 141 men and 109 women,240 cadaveric transplantations and 10 living dononr transplantations. Results:In 8 cases(3.2%) ureteral stenosis occurred in the early stage following the renal transplantation;including hematoma compression(2cases);stenosis of ureter- bladder stoma(2cases);ureter torsion(1case);transplantal kidney torsion(1case);stomal leak(1case) and hydropsia of spermatic cord(1case). 7 cases required another surgical operation to remove the obstruction and the renal function recovered in these cases. Conclusion:The ureteral stenosis in the early stage of kidney transplantation was mostly contributed to the surgical reasons such as mis-perfamance. The occurance rate of ureteral stenosis should be reduced if each one step of the kidney transplantation is carefully performed. The open surgical managemen is a direct and effective method to remove the obstruction.

Objective:To compare the different ways of pulling out ureter double-J stent in females.Methods:172 female patients requiring urter double-J stent for different cases were chosen,including upper urinary calculus(150 cases),hydronephrosis with urterostenosis(14 cases),Ormond’s syndrome(3 cases) and postradiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer(5 cases).These cases were divided into three groups with different ways of pulling out the urter double-J stent.Results:The achievement ratio of cystoscope(100%) and rat-tooth forceps(98.1%) were higher than the blood vessel forceps(92.1%).Conclusion:The cystoscope operation requires the special equipment and cost more money and time.Compared to the blood vessel forceps,using the rat-tooth forceps to pull out the female ureter double-J stent is safe and more effective.