No abstract available.
Endorphins* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Plasma*

OBJECTS: The purpose of this study was to present a model of inpatient group psychotherapy led by a doctor in charge, to evaluate this model in practice, and to give a effective inpatient treatment by application of this model. METHODS: The subject composed of 25 psychiatric inpatient. The authors performed this model of group psychotherapy for 6 months and evaluate this model by objective data. Also we analyzed this model globally to get comprehensive understandings. RESULTS: The results of the objective data were as follows: 1) This model was effective to subside patients' symptoms. And the patients estimated this model to be important and helpful to them. 2) Identification with therapist' among therapeutic factors was high rank. This meant that therapist him- or her-self is a important tool for therapy. 3) Therapeutic factors in upper level group was much different from those in lower level group. And various therapeutic factors was used complementarily between two groups. 4) To check '13 therapeutic factors' repeatedly made the patients acquire therapeutic factors spontaneously. And to check 'the most important event' repeatedly gave the opportunity of self-reflection. The results of global analysis to this model were as follows: 1) This group psychotherapy gave a field in which a therapist met patients as human being. 2) This model was easy to perform, and helpful to a comprehensive therapeutic approach. 3) This model was able to make the basis of continuous outpatient and day hospital treatment, and the basis of outpatient group psychotherapy or individual psychotherapy. 4) In this model, social workers, nurses, or students in practice played a role of the healthy ego. Therefore they were able to activate group psychotherapy. 5) This model was a practical and useful tool of the education for psychiatric residents, medical students, social works, and other students. CONCLUSION: This model of group psychotherapy was useful f3r inpatient treatment and easy to perform in general.
Education ; Ego ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Outpatients ; Psychiatry* ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Social Workers ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of the clinicopathological features and survival rates in gastric cancer according to the sex of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 5,784 cases of gastric cancer patients who underwent laparotomy at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital fmm Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1995. We have analyzed clinicopathologic features including tumor location, Bonmann type, depth of invasicm, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, histologic differentiation and survival rates according to the sex of the patients. RESULTS: The mean age of female patients was 52.4 years, which is lower than that of male, 54.8 years. There were no differences in tumor location, Borrmann type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage of tumor between male and female. But there were some differences in histologic differentiation; well- and moderately differentiated cancers were more common in male and signet-ring cell cancers were more common in female. Female shows slightly better prognosis than male. But the prognosis of young female was poorer than that of young male. CONCLUSION: In gastric cancer patients, differences in histologic differentiation and more aggressive nature of the signet-ring cell cancer in female may affect the survival differences according to the sex.
Female* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

We report a case of pilomatrixoma presenting in the right cheek of a 6-year-old girl. In the panoramic view, a small, ovoid-shaped, and nonhomogenous calcified mass was superimposed on the right mandibular angle. The mass was located on the skin overlying the right mandibular ramus area in the skull P-A view. The tumor had a strongly reflective pattern with acoustic shadowing in sonographic view. We also illustrate how these lesions can be effectively diagnosed.
Acoustics ; Cheek* ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Skull ; Ultrasonography

Kartagener's syndrome is an autosomaly inherited recessive condition characterized by situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. And recently it was recognized as a subclass of dyskinetic cilia syndrome which caused by a defect in mucociliary transport owing to immotile or dyskinetic beating of cilia. Electron microsopy of cilia from sperm tails, nasal and bronchial epithelium of patients reveals the partial or complete absence of dynein arms. Our four patients were diagnosed as a Kartagener's syndrome by classic triad. We carried out electron microscopy of cilia of the nasal mucosa. And many other tests were done. One patient had squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and another one patient revealed features of adult respiratory distress syndrome at admission. All patients improved with conservative therapy such as physiotherapy, bronchodilater, antibiotics except one patient who mechanical ventilation was required. A brief review of literature was made.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arm ; Bronchiectasis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cilia ; Dyneins ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Kartagener Syndrome* ; Lung ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Nasal Mucosa ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Sinusitis ; Situs Inversus ; Sperm Tail

The number of AIDS patients is currently increasing in Korea, and multiple opportunistic infections, which are due to their immunocompromised state, have become a significant clinical problem. These opportunistic diseases may vary according to the severity of immunosuppression, the mode of transmission, the risk factors, the living environment and treatment; rectal syphilis, perianal condyloma lata and amoebic liver abscess are known to rarely develop in AIDS patients. We report here on a case of a homosexual man who simultaneously presented with an amebic liver abscess, esophageal candidiasis, chronic hepatitis B, rectal syphilis, perianal condyloma lata and asymptomatic neurosyphilis. He was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT) and the appropriate antiviral and antibiotic agents.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Candidiasis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Korea ; Liver Abscess, Amebic ; Neurosyphilis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Risk Factors ; Syphilis

OBJECTIVES: A day hospital has been remodeled after a vision to help psychotic patients quickly recover their psychological and social functions and lessen their induced regressions caused by long-term hospitalization, thereby enhancing their social abilities. The authors concerned once developed a day hospital model of an integrated therapy for psychotic patients suitable for Korean situation in their previous paper. Based on it, the present study was to determine how effective a day hospital would be, in comparison of the following two paired groups: day hospital group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as DH group) & day hospital parents group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as DH parents group) and OPD group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as OPD group) & OPD parents group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as OPD parents group). METHODS: During the 18-month long research period(from May to 1996 October 1997), 17 day hospital patients with experience of hospitalization & their parents and the same number of OPD patients with experience of hospitalization & their parents were corespondingly paired with at random, who identified themselves closest in the following categories: diagnosis, age, sex and function. All of them were asked to check questionnaires on their respective quality of life, insight, and their attitude about drug. Day hospital patients with experience of hospitalization and their parents were checked from the first day they were treated while OPD patients with experience of hospitalization and their parents were examined after discharge from hospital, commonly at the interval of 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. RESULTS: 1) The quality of life scored higher in DH group than in OPD group. It turned increased significantly at the 3rd month and continued the same until the 12th month. At the 18th month, it showed a significant downturn. Meanwhile, DH group showed a significant upturn at the 3rd month and it turned down at 12 month. 2) The insight of DH group and DH parents group scored higher compared with OPD group and OPD parents group between the 3rd and 18th month, with the 3rd and 6th month showing a particular strength as well. Meanwhile, it continued unchanging for day DH group and DH parents group from the date on, of their discharge from hospital. 3) Attitude towards drugs scored higher in DH group than in OPD group at the 3rd and 6th month. It continued unchanging between the 6th and 18th month. It didn't score significantly higher in DH parents group than in their counterparts. 4) Satisfaction on the therapy started upward in DH group at the 3rd and 6th month, and scored higher in them than in their counterparts during the period form the 6th and 18th month. It started upward as well in DH parents group at the 3rd and 6th month, and scored higher in them than in their counterparts during the period form the 6th to the 18 month. 5) Number, and duration of DH group totalled lower than those by OPD group during the research period. CONCLUSION: The day hospital model, developed by the authors concerned, has proved a highly effective treatment for psychotic patients, as the data scored higher in the day hospital patients and their parents than in the OPD patients with experience of hospital and their parents in terms of "quality of life" by patients, insight, attitude toward drugs and satisfaction on its therapy.
Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Parents ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to make a model of large group psychodrama suitable for Korean inpatients and easy for psychiatrists trained in the individual psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy to use, to investigate the therapeutic factors after applying this model to inpatients, and then to contribute to the treatment of inpatients. METHODS: The study subjects were all the inpatients and the therapists(the auxiliary ego's) who participated in psychodrama from March 1998 to September 1998. The subjects were composed of 346 inpatients(152 males, 194 females) and 60 therapists. To the inpatients 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale, Scale of General Attitude to Psychodrama, and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. To the therapists 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. The inpatient group were divided into 4 groups(the audience, the auxiliary ego's, the participants in sharing, the protagonists). The therapeutic factors among 4 groups were compared. RESULTS: First, the therapeutic factors described by the inpatient group were as follows: 1) Most inpatients made great account of 'existential factor' and 'the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group' regardless of their roles in psychodrama. 2) The inpatients who participated in psychodrama directly as the protagonists, the auxiliary ego's, or the participants in sharing made much account of 'development of socializing techniques'. The inpatients who participated in psychodrama more directly as the protagonists or the auxiliary ego's made much account of 'catharsis'. 3) All the inpatients except the protagonists made much account of 'instillation of hope'. 4) The audience made much account of 'identification' and 'universality'. Especially, 'identification with members' was much accounted of by the participants in sharing. 'Universality' also was much accounted of by the auxiliary ego's. Next, when we compared the therapeutic factors in the inpatient group with those in the therapist group, the therapist group made much account of 'group cohesiveness' which the inpatient group made little account of. And the therapist group made no account of 'development of socializing techniques' which the inpatient group made much account of. CONCLUSION: By dividing the inpatient group according to their roles, we found the characteristics of the inpatient large group psychodrama and of the therapeutic factors according to the roles of the inpatients. This model could be applied to the treatment for the inpatients easily and was helpful to many inpatients on the whole.
Humans ; Inpatients* ; Male ; Psychiatry ; Psychodrama* ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic factors of group psychotherapy and psychodrama which were applied to psychotic patients, and to compare the therapeutic characteristics of two therapies. METHODS: The subjects of this study were patients of a day hospital from September 1996 to May 1997. The subjects were composed of 35 psychotic patents(22 males, 13 females). Both of group psychotherapy and psychodrama were done to the patients of the day hospital. After these therapeutic factors were checked by the members of group psychotherapy, the protagonists of psychodrama, and the audience of psychodrama using 13 therapeutic factors scale. All three groups divided into higher functioning group and lower functioning group by mutual consent of the therapists in the treatment team meeting according to the patient's life of the day hospital, the attitude in programs, and the state during the interview with the therapist. And then therapeutic factors of higher and lower functioning group were compared. By the mean score of each therapeutic factor the rank of therapeutic factors was decided. By these ranks we compared the important therapeutic factors on the members of group psychotherapy, the protagonists, and the audience. RESULTS: The results were as follows : 1) The protagonists of psychodrama set a very high value on 'catharsis' and 'the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group', regardless of their functional level. 2) The protagonists with a higher function set a higher value on 'guidance of therapists', while those who had a lower function set a higher value on 'guidance of members'. 3) The audience of psychodrama set a very high value on 'identification with therapists', 'identification with members', and set a high value on 'universality'. 4) The higher functioning group of the group psychotherapy, the audience, and the protagonists set a high value on 'interpersonal learning', especially the patients of group psychotherapyset a very high value on 'interpersonal learning' 5) The lower functioning group of the protagonists and the group psychotherapy set a high value on 'development of socializing techniques'. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, we can draw some suggestions. First, if therapists take the above-mentioned therapeutic factors into consideration during the sessions of group psychotherapy or psychodrama, they can obtain more effective therapeutic outcome. Second, it is desirable that both group psychotherapy and psychodrama should be used more extensively as important methods of treatment in clinical settings. Third, the combination of group psychotherapy and psychodrama would be more effective than the separate application of each therapy.
Humans ; Male ; Psychodrama* ; Psychotherapy, Group*

OBJECTIVES: The purpost of this study was to present general system,operation,and program of a day care model managed by a psychiatrist,to evaluate the results of performing this model,and thus to developa day care model applied to Korean situation appropriately for promoting maintenance and rehabilitation of chronic psychotic patients. METHODS: We performed this day care model(hereinafter called as this model) from March 1997 to February 1998. The subjects were composed of 23 psychotic patients. PANSS, Quality of Life Scale,Life Satisfaction Self-Rating Scale were used before beginning this model-and after three months of performing this model. Program Helpfulness Scale,13 Therapeutic Factors Scale were used at one month of day care and after three months of day care. RESULTS: 1) This model helped maintenance and rehabilitation of chronic psychotic patients through reducing their symptoms and increasing quality of life. 2) This model used the various group therapy, especially creative art therapy and activeity therapy, played an important fole,for recovering Physical,psychological,and social functions. 3) Important therapeutic factors at early and late period of this model were identification with therapists,guidance of therapists,and the corrective recatitulation of the primary family group. Important therapeutic factors at early period were group cohesiveness and altruism, and at late period instillation of hope. 4) This model was useful for integration the multidisciplinary therapeutic team and the various therapeutic methods. CONCLUSION: This model would be applied to day care in this country effectively and efficiently for maintenance and rehabilitation of chronic psychotic patients.
Altruism ; Art Therapy ; Day Care, Medical* ; Hope ; Humans ; Psychotherapy, Group ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation*