EGFR testing has become the consensus before epidermal growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitorrs (EGFR-TKIs) treatment in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients.Malignant pleural effusion is the common clinical manifestation in NSCLC patients,and EGFR testing by using different methods in pleural effusion cells and free nucleic acids has good prospect for predicting the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs.

Drug metabolism will change significantly during inflammation, including the reduction of expression and activity of many drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Body would release a series of inflammatory cytokines which can regulate drug metabolizing enzymes. Recent studies have revealed that drug transporters are also regulated by the cytokines with obvious species difference. Mechanism studies show that several transcription factors play important roles during the signal pathways of regulation. This review focuses on the progress in the regulation of drug transporters during inflammation.

Objective To observe the effects of puerarin on the expression of glycogen synthase kinase- 3 (GSK- 3) in the skeletal muscle of rats with insulin resistance induced by high fat and sucrose diets. Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, model group and puerarin group, 10 rats in each group. The model group and puerarin group were fed with the high fat and sucrose diets for 4 weeks. Then puerarin group was treated with puerarin by abdominal injection (100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, GSK- 3 content was detected by Western blot analysis. Body weight, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured regularly and insulin sensitivity index was also computed as well. Results The outcome of Western blot analysis showed that the expression of GSK- 3 in the skeletal muscle of the model group increased by 70.20 % (P

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)signaling pathway in propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells.Methods RAW264.7 cells were purchased from cell bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences and cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 6 cm diameter dishes (3 ml/dish) or in 6-well plates (2 ml/well) with a density of 5 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =18): normal control group (group C),group LPS (group L)and group LPS + propofol (group LP).The cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml in groups L and LP.Propofol 50μmol/L was added to the culture medium at 2 h before LPS in group LP.Cells were harvested at 30 min after being stimulated with LPS.Phosphorylation of IκB kinase(p-IKK) and NF-κB activity were detected by Western blot.The expression of iNOS mRNA was determined after 6 h exposure of the cells to LPS.Results LPS significantly up-regulated the expression of p-IKK and iNOS mRNA and increased NF-κB activity in group L as compared with group C.Propofol pretreatment significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on p-IKK,iNOS mRNA expression and NF-κB activity.Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Objective To investigate the efficacy differences of different doses of cyclophosphamide(CTX)among subcategories of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis(LN). Methods Clinical data of 133 LN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy with class IV or class IV +V who were treated with corticosteroid plus CTX were analyzed retrospectively. The baseline Scr, 24 h urine protein, CTX dosages and prognosis were compared among different dosages for each subcategory. Results The average cumulative dose of CTX within 6 months was(11.1 4.1)g. The high dose group was >12 g, the medium dose group was >6-12 g and the low dose group was ≤6 g. Compared to low dose group, high dose CTX increased the remission rate of class Ⅳ +Ⅴ(67% vs 40%, P=0.314)and chronic renal lesion(43% vs 0%, P=0.212), but such enhancement was not obvious in class Ⅳ(Ⅳ-S: 67% vs 50%, P=0.548, Ⅳ-G: 65% vs 70%, P= 0.560). Difference of overall adverse reactions was not significant between high dose group and low dose group(51% vs 37% ,P=0.224). Conclusion Corticosteroid plus high dose CTX may improve the remission rate of patients with class IV + V and chronic renal lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, classification and outcome in lupus nephritis(LN)patients with thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA). Methods LN patients with TMA proven by renal biopsy, from January 2000 to February 2009 in our hospital were enrolled. They were classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit group(n =35)and pauci-immunocomplex deposit group(n=25). Their clinicopathologic features and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Results(l)The incidence of TMA in lupus nephritis was 9.2%(n=62), which presented severe hypertension, prominently elevated serum creatinine, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and was also the poorest prognosis of all the vascular lesion types. The incidence of death/end stage renal disease(ESRD)was 25.0%, with a mortality rate of 13.6%.(2)According to immunocomplex deposit in renal tissue, LN complicated with TMA could be classified as "poly immunocomplex deposit subtype" and "pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype". The former presented better response to steroid and immunosuppressant therapy, in spite of more active clinicopathologic manifestations. The incidences of death/ESRD of poly subtype and pauci subtype were 8.8% and 32.0% respectively. Conclusions TMA presenting severe manifestations and the poorest prognosis is not rare in LN. LN with TMA may be classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit subtype and pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype. This classification may be helpful in prognosis because the latter shows bad response to steroid-immunosuppressant therapy.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibition of berberine (BBR) against ECV-304 apoptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

METHODSECV-304 cells were pre-treated with 128 microg/mL BBR for 2 h and then S. aureus was added (1:100). The viability of cells was detected by MTT (3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The protection of BBR for infected cells was detected by DNA Ladder.

RESULTSECV-304 cells' viability were not obviously affected by berberine. But S. aureus induced ECV-304 cells' viability could be significantly inhibited by pre-treatment of BBR (P < 0.05). Besides S. aureus-induced ECV-304 apoptosis could be reduced, with significantly lessened apoptotic body and unobvious DNA degradation.

CONCLUSIONBBR could significantly inhibit S. aureus induced ECV-304 apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of ilioischial plating through modified Stoppa and iliac fossa approaches for complex acetabular fractures. Methods A consecutive series of 40 patients with complex acetabular fracture were treated operatively from January 2014 to February 2015. Of them, 20 were treated through modified Stoppa plus iliac fossa approaches as an experimental group ( including 12 males and 8 females with a mean age of 46. 8 ± 10. 3 years ) . The anterior column was stabilized with a recon-struction plate for the iliac wing along the iliopectineal line to the pubis in all cases. The posterior column was fixed with a newly developed ilioischial plate running from the ilium to the ischial ramus. The other 20 patients ( 10 males and 10 females with a mean age of 45. 6 ± 11. 7 years ) served as a control group, treated with a reconstruction plate for the conventional posterior column fixation through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction and functional recovery of the hip. Results The 40 patients obtained an average follow-up of 18 months ( from 8 to 24 months ) . The experimental group reported significantly shorter operation time ( 2. 1 ± 0. 7 hours ) and signifi-cantly less intraoperative bleeding ( 320. 8 ± 100. 4 mL ) than the control group ( 2. 9 ± 0. 6 hours and 621. 6 ± 118. 7 mL, respectively ) ( P <0. 05 ) . According to modified Matta's criteria for reduction, the experimental group had 15 excellent, 3 good, one fair and one poor cases ( giving an excellent to good rate of 90％) while the control group had 17 excellent, one good, one fair and one poor cases ( giving an excellent to good rate of 90％) . According to the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring for the functional recovery of the af-fected hip at the final follow-ups, the experimental group had 14 excellent, 3 good, 2 fair and one poor cases ( giving an excellent to good rate of 85％) while the control group had 12 excellent, 4 good, 3 fair and one poor cases (giving an excellent to good rate of 80％). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the above comparisons ( P> 0. 05 ) . There were no significant differences in the MOS item short form health survey score and postoperative complication rate between the experimental group and the control group. Conclu-sion Ilioischial plating through modified Stoppa and iliac fossa approaches has advantages of reliable fixa-tion, limited invasion, less intraoperative blood loss and fewer complications for complex acetabular fractures.

This study aims to investigate the function of two SNPs (rs8904C > T and rs696G >A) in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of NFKBIA gene by constructing luciferase reporter gene. A patient's genomic DNA with rs8904 CC and rs696 GA genotype was used as the PCR template. Full-length 3'UTR of NFKBIA gene was amplified by different primers. After sequencing validation, these fragments were inserted to the luciferase reporter vector, pGL3-promoter to construct recombinant plasmids containing four kinds of haplotypes, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A, pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A. Then these plasmids were transfected into LS174T cells and the luciferase activity was detected. Compared with pGL3-vector transfected cells (negative control), the luciferase activity of the four kinds of recombinant plasmids was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). For rs696G > A, the luciferase activity of the recombinant plasmids containing A allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A) was about 45.1% (P < 0.05) and 56.1% (P < 0.001) lower than those containing G allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G), respectively. For rs8904C > T, there were no significant differences in the luciferase activity between the recombinant plasmids containing T allele and those with C allele. Together, the luciferase reporter gene vectors containing SNPs in NFKBIA gene 3'UTR were constructed successfully and rs696G > A could decrease the luciferase activity while rs8904C >T didn't have much effect on the luciferase activity.

Objective To analyze the relationship between renal pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients,and discuss predictive value of pathological type and indexes for renal function declining rate and related outcome events.Methods Ninety-two type 2 diabetes patients from PUMC Hospital (with macroalbuminuria and followed up no less than 6 months,excluding patients with non-diabetic renal disease) were divided into typical diabetic glomerulopathy group (DG,n=51) and atypical diabetes-related renal disease group(ADRD,n=41) according to renal pathological findings.A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate renal pathological features and prognosis.Results Total of 29 renal outcome events and 12 death events occurred in DG group and none in ADRD group; the survival rate and kidney survival rate are different between two groups (P ＜ 0.05); DG group,thick GBM,severe vascular and tubular lesion are predicative indicators for renal outcome event; mesangial volume fraction is predicative indicator for renal outcome events independent of age and serum creatinine.Conclusions DG and ADRD patients have different prognosis and might undergo different pathophysiological mechanisms; renal pathological type and mesangial volume fraction could help predicting outcomes of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.