Objective To study the effects of two disinfection methods for simple respirators in order to select the better sterilization method for the disinfection of simple respirators.Methods One hundred and sixty simple respirators contaminated at the same degree were randomly divided into the manual group and the mechanical group equally .The former took the manual cleaning and disinfection and the latter the mechanical cleaning and disinfection for the disinfection and cleaning of simple respirators.The two groups were compared with regard to the qualified rate of disinfection at the outer and inner surface and the interface of the ball cavity after disinfection cleaning.Results The qualified rates of the mechanical cleaning and disinfection at various parts of the simple respirators were 100%.The qualified rate of manual cleaning and disinfection at the outer surface,the inner surface and the interface were 100%,91.25%and 93.75%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the disinfection effect at the outer surface and interface of simple respirators between the two groups(both P>0.05).But the two kinds of cleaning and disinfections at the inner surface of the respirators were significantly different as regards the qualified rate(P<0.05).Conclusion For the disinfection of simple respirator,the mechanical cleaning and disinfection is better than the manual cleaning and disinfection.

This article introduces four cases of children moyamoya disease,female central precocious puberty,children restless legs syndrome and damsel retrograde menstruation,which were treated by Yang Shaoshan.Doctor Yang insists that the pediatric difficult diseases should be treated with the methods of nourishing yin,nourishing kidney and lower evil fire and clearing and nourishing the Spleen and Stomach,of which protecting yin essence is therapeutic core.

This article explored professor YANG Shao-shan's clinical experiences in treating senile diseases with ointment.He proposes that the TCM method is as following: First,invigorating kidney for protecting semen,pay attention to nourishing yin and decreasing yang.Second,invigorating spleen and stomach,pay attention to "vegetarian diet".Third,eliminating pathogenic factor,like phlegm and stasis.Forth,reinforcing the three treasures.

Objective To verify that the length of mice fibroblast telomere can be shortened by D-gal.Methods The fibroblasts were from the heart tissue and passaged for 3-5 generations.After the fibroblasts were mixed with(C_(3)TA_(2))_(3)PNA labeled with FITC,the variation of fibroblast telomere length was detected by Flow-Fish.Results The length of fibroblast telomere can be shortened by D-gal.Conclusion D-gal can lead to the fibroblast telomere shortening.It demonstrates that D-gal can cause cellular senescence,which establishes the foundation for the senescence model of heart fibroblast.

Objective:The aim is to study the apoptosis and c-fos expression occurred in the rat gut following traumatic brain injury,and to explore the potential role of mucosal apoptosis in the intestinal barrier dysfunction and the relation of c-fos expression with the mucosal apoptosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(6 rats each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3,12,24,and 72,and on day 7.Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method.Rat jejunum was taken at each corresponding time point.Apoptosis was detected by in situ immunohistochemical staining(TUNEL) and c-fos expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:Mucosal epithelium appeared to be the major apoptotic cells,and the number of apoptotic cells increased since 3 h after TBI,peaking at 72 h postinjury.The apoptotic cells initially located at the tip of villus and gradually spread to the whole villus.The c-fos expression of gut mucosa gradually increased after TBI,predominantly in epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells and lymphocytes and with the maximal expression appeared at 24 h,72 h and 7 d postinjury.Conclusion:It is highly suggested that intestinal mucosa apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gut barrier damage,and c-fos expression might be highly responsible for the apoptosis,proliferation and renovation of the small intestinal mucosa.

Objective:To analyze the cause and treatment of ureteral stenosis in the early stage after kidney transplantation.Methods:250 cases of the kidney transplantation since 1993 to 2007 were collected and analyzed, including 141 men and 109 women,240 cadaveric transplantations and 10 living dononr transplantations. Results:In 8 cases(3.2%) ureteral stenosis occurred in the early stage following the renal transplantation;including hematoma compression(2cases);stenosis of ureter- bladder stoma(2cases);ureter torsion(1case);transplantal kidney torsion(1case);stomal leak(1case) and hydropsia of spermatic cord(1case). 7 cases required another surgical operation to remove the obstruction and the renal function recovered in these cases. Conclusion:The ureteral stenosis in the early stage of kidney transplantation was mostly contributed to the surgical reasons such as mis-perfamance. The occurance rate of ureteral stenosis should be reduced if each one step of the kidney transplantation is carefully performed. The open surgical managemen is a direct and effective method to remove the obstruction.

Objective:To compare the different ways of pulling out ureter double-J stent in females.Methods:172 female patients requiring urter double-J stent for different cases were chosen,including upper urinary calculus(150 cases),hydronephrosis with urterostenosis(14 cases),Ormond’s syndrome(3 cases) and postradiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer(5 cases).These cases were divided into three groups with different ways of pulling out the urter double-J stent.Results:The achievement ratio of cystoscope(100%) and rat-tooth forceps(98.1%) were higher than the blood vessel forceps(92.1%).Conclusion:The cystoscope operation requires the special equipment and cost more money and time.Compared to the blood vessel forceps,using the rat-tooth forceps to pull out the female ureter double-J stent is safe and more effective.

Objective:To introduce the experience on 8 cases living-related donor kidney transplantation(LD KT) in the past two years. Methods:8 patients underwent LDKT.The living donors(6 males and 2 females) received fully medical evaluation before operation. All cases were donated by blood relationship donors. CTA,ECT,HLA matching,PRA and CDC were done pre-operations. All t he donors underwent open nephrectomy,in which 5 cases donated right kidneys and 3 cases donated lef t kidneys. All the case underwent t he first renal transplantation. Triple-combined immuno suppressive protocols consisted of calcineurin inhibitors(CNI),MMF and steroid. Results:All donors were discharged in ten days postoperation. Af ter followed up for 2 months to 14 months,all the donors kept normal kidney function without impairment of life quality. All the recipients were discharged in 28 days with normal kidney function,and keep the normal renal f unction till to now. Conclusion: Accurate pre-operation assessment of the donor's safe and choose the donor kidney,good surgical technique are critical for the success. Optimal HLA matches and reasonable using of immunosuppressants can make the grafts survived long term. Living-rela ted donor kidney transplantation is a safe and effective reatment.

Objective:To explore the proper concentration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling bone marrow mesechymal stem cells and the biological influence of different labeling concentrations,and to evaluate the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging by a 1.5 T MR scanner. Methods:BMSCs (5th)were incubated with different concentrations of SPIO particles. The location, distribution and the labeling ratio of SPIO particles in cells were observed. At an optimal concentration,samples of SPIO-labeled and unlabeled MSCs suspension in agar were imaged by MRI with T1WI,T2WI and T2*WI. and the signal intensity were measured and statistically analyzed.Results:Labeled SPIO particles were stained in cytoplasm. BMSCs were efficiently labeled (97% to 100%)in culture at 24 hours and particle concentrations(25 to 50?g Fe/ml medium). Compared with unlabeled cells,BMSCs loaded with SPIO had similar viabilitv and proliferation profiles at this proper range of labeling concentration. SPIO labeling caused a stronger low signal attenuation effect in T1WI、T2WI andT2*WI. Conclusion:BMSCs can be easily and efficiently labeled by SPIO without interference on the cell viability and proliferation,MRI visualization of SPIO-labeled MSCs is feasible,which provrdes basis for future in vivo studies.

Objective:To explore the anti-apoptostic effect of Ghrelin in cardiomyocytes after Hypoxia/Reoxygenation injury and manifest the specific cellular singaling transduction pathway.Methods:Newborn SD rats' hearts were isolated and cardiomyocytes were separated by trypsin digestion method .The primary cardiomyocytes were collected and incubated in vitro and randomly alloted to 4 groups(①Control;②H/R group;③H/R +Ghrelin group;④H/R+Ghrelin+Wortmannin group) after 5 days of cultivation.Hypoxia/ Reoxygenation injury was established by 4 hours of hyopxia and subsquently 1 hour of reoxygenation.Lactic dehydrogenase concentration,cell apoptotic rate and the expression of phosph-Akt were detected by Automatic Biochemistry Analytic Instrument ,Tunel method and Western blotting method respectively.Results:Compared with H/R group and H/R+Ghrelin+Wortmannin group,the LDH concentration in media was significantly reduced and the myocardium apoptotic rate was pretty low in H/R+Ghrelin group.Ghrelin also increased phosph-Akt activity but this effect was abolished by applying Wortmannin simultaneously.Conclusions:Ghrelin provides concrete protection against Hypoxia/ Reoxygenation injury in the primary cultivated rat cardiomyocytes,which manifest dereasing LDH leaking,inhibitting cell apoptosis.Theantiapoptotic effect is partly mediated by the activation of the PI3K /Akt(Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/ Akt) pathway.