Ganglia in the wirst are frequent, but intraosseous ganglia of the carpal bone are uncommon. We report upon two patients with intraosseous ganglia that involved the scaphoid bone, review the literature.
Bone Cysts* ; Carpal Bones ; Ganglia ; Hand* ; Humans ; Scaphoid Bone

Hand fractures are the second most common fracture in the upper extremities after the distal radius, and patients with these injuries may be experienced in hand surgery clinics. On the other hand, during the treatment of hand fractures, complications can occur due to complex functions of the hand and small-sized injuries to the bone and soft tissues. This review focused on the principles of management of these fractures, including injury mechanism, evaluations and recent treatment options. Minimally invasive surgery in various types of hand fractures, including the phalanx and metacarpal bone, is preferred because early mobilization after surgery has been emphasized to reduce complications, such as stiffness.
Early Ambulation ; Finger Phalanges ; Hand ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Radius ; Upper Extremity

Fracture-Dislocation of the the body of the hamate is rare in carpal bone fractures. Recently, we experienced two patients with coronal fracture of the dorsal aspect of the hamate with dorsal subluxation of metacarpal bases of the ring and little fingers. The mechanism of injury was by indirect blow with c1enched fist in two patients. Two patients were treated with closed reduction and plaster immobilization for 6 weeks and physical theraphy. At 13 and 14 weeks follow-up respectively, two patients had no funtional limitation, no complaints referable to hand, and nearly solid union on radiographs. We report two cases of fracture of the the body of the hamate bone, associated with dorsal subluxation of hamatometacarpal joint treated by conservative methods and review of literatures.
Carpal Bones ; Dislocations* ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hamate Bone ; Hand ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints

A carpal coalition that indicates the fusion of two carpal bones resulting from the failure of differentiation is a rare condition compared to the tarsal coalition. The most common carpal coalition is the luno-triquetral coalition, followed by the capitate-hamate coalition. Most of these coalitions are usually asymptomatic. Thus far, only a few cases of a coalition between the scaphoid and lunate with accompanied anomalies in the ipsilateral hand, such as accessory carpal bone or ray deficiency, have been reported. We present, for the first time, a case of a symptomatic isolated scapho-lunate coalition without any accompanying anomalies.
Carpal Bones ; Hand

PURPOSE: Hand fractures can be treated conservatively in many cases, but rotation malalignment is one of the important indications for surgical treatment because of dysfunction. We performed open reduction and internal fixation in these malalignment fractures and report clinical and radiological results. METHODS: This study included 28 patients (18 male, 10 female) who had metacarpal and phalangeal fractures with rotational malalignment of finger on initial examination. Patients with combined injuries including open soft tissue damage or multiple fractures were excluded. Mean age was 36.1 years and average follow-up period was 14.6 months. Perioperative extent of rotation and correction during the follow-up, union on the radiographs, Range of motion, disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, and pinch power at the last follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Average corrected angulation of rotation was 11.9° and no patient showed scissoring appearance of fingers at the last follow-up. All patients showed solid bony union on the radiographs during the follow-up. The average of total active motion of the injured fingers were average 254°, average DASH score was 3.2 and average pinch power was 3.0 kg at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Clinical and radiologically satisfactory results were obtained in all patients. Care should be taken not to overlook the rotational misalignment after fracture of the hand, and surgical treatment should be considered to ensure correct reduction and fixation.
Arm ; Finger Phalanges ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Multiple ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder

Dorsal perilunar dislocations are rare traumatic entities. Associated fractures such as carpal bones and radial styloid processes can occur. However, the dorsal perilunar dislocation associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint is extremely rare. The authors herein report the case of a 34-year-old man who was presented with transscaphoidal perilunar dislocation which is associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint.
Adult ; Carpal Bones ; Dislocations* ; Humans ; Joints* ; Lunate Bone ; Scaphoid Bone

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between electrodiagnosis and various ultrasonographic findings of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and propose the ultrasonographic standard that has closest consistency with the electrodiagnosis. METHODS: Ultrasonography was performed on 50 female patients (65 cases) previously diagnosed with CTS and 20 normal female volunteers (40 cases). Ultrasonography parameters were as follows: cross-sectional area (CSA) and flattening ratio (FR) of the median nerve at the levels of hamate bone, pisiform bone, and lunate bone; anteroposterior diameter (AP diameter) of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel; wrist to forearm ratio (WFR) of median nerve area at the distal wrist crease and 12 cm proximal to distal wrist crease; and compression ratio (CR) of the median nerve. Independent t-test was performed to compare the ultrasonographic findings between patient and control groups. Significant ultrasonographic findings were compared with the electrodiagnosis results and a kappa coefficient was used to determine the correlation. RESULTS: CSA and FR of median nerve at the hamate bone level, CSA of median nerve at pisiform bone level, AP diameter of median nerve within the carpal tunnel, CSA of median nerve at the distal wrist crease and WFR showed significant differences between patient and control groups. WFR showed highest concordance with electrodiagnosis (κ=0.71, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested the applicability of ultrasonography, especially WFR, as a useful adjunctive tool for diagnosis of CTS.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis* ; Electrodiagnosis* ; Female ; Forearm ; Hamate Bone ; Humans ; Lunate Bone ; Median Nerve ; Pisiform Bone ; Ultrasonography ; Volunteers ; Wrist

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a child who presented bilateral hypoplasia of the thenar eminences and clumsy hands without sensory loss or nocturnal pain. METHOD: A careful history taking, physical examination, plain X-ray and electrophysiologic examination. RESULT: No familial history nor a systemic etiology were identified in this patient. Physical examination revealed a marked flattening of both thenar eminences and weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis of both hands. There was no sensory loss nor neurologic abnormality. X-rays of the hands showed thin both proximal end of the first metacarpals. The electrophysiologic examination showed electreical silence of both thenar eminences. History taking, physical examination, X-ray findings and electrophysiologic findings were all compatible with the Cavanagh syndrome. CONCLUSION: A careful history taking, physical examination and electrophysiologic examination are improtant for the diagnosis of congenital carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones ; Physical Examination

An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor. It is most commonly found in the femur and tibia but only 5% to 15% occurs in hand. Osteoid osteoma of carpal bone has vague nature of symptoms including spontaneous dull aching causing delayed diagnosis and the late treatment. We had a patient with an osteoid osteoma of the capitate bone presenting with tenosynovitis. We present clinical and radiological findings including magnetic resonance imaging, surgical result, and a review of the current literature.
Bone Neoplasms ; Capitate Bone ; Carpal Bones ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Femur ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoma, Osteoid ; Tenosynovitis ; Tibia

Growth and development evaluation of patients with growth potential is of great importance for orthodontic treatment planning. Timing of orthodontic intervention greatly depends on one`s developmental status, thus if there is a difference in skeletal maturation among malocclusion types different treatment timing should be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare skeletal maturation among different malocclusion types. The samples used in this study was 38 ClassI. 36 ClassII and 33 ClassIII females aging from 8 to 10 years. Handwrist X-rays were taken with 6 month interval till 12-13 years of age. The results were as follows. 1. There was no skeletal maturity difference among different malocclusion types. 2. The hamular process of hamate was observed at 9.16+/-0.72 years, pisiform bone at 9.13+/-0.71 years and the ulnar sesamoid at 10.34+/-0.84 years. 3. The timing of epiphyseal capping on the third finger was 10.96+/-0.80 years for distal phalanx and 11.27+/-0.87 years for middle phalanx, 11.12+/-0.86 years for proximal phalanx of the first finger, 11.21+/-0.82 years for radius and 11.62+/-0.85 years for middle phalanx of the fifth finger. 4. The appearance of pisiform bone showed high correlation with appearance of hamular process of hamate(r=0.91), and ulnar sesamoid bone appearance showed high correlation with advanced ossification of hamular process(r=0.86). Timing of epiphyseal capping among different parts showed high correlation(r=0.80-0.90). 5. The shape of middle phalanx of the fifth finger showed the highest variability (20.6%).
Aging ; Female ; Fingers ; Growth and Development ; Hand* ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Malocclusion* ; Pisiform Bone ; Radius ; Sesamoid Bones ; Wrist*