Objective To explore the relationships among implicit self-esteem,explicit self-esteem and alexithymia.Methods According to the scores of Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20),82 tests were divided into the alexithymia group and the control group,which were assessed with Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(SES) and Implicit Association Test (IAT).Results The level of explicit self-esteem in the alexithymia group was significantly lower than that of the control group((28.57 ±4.57 vs 32.44 ±2.71)),there was significant differences between two groups(P＜ 0.01).Each factor of the alexithymia (as difficulty describing feelings,difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking) had significantly negative correlation with explicit self-esteem (r =-0.572,-0.52,-0.56,-0.378,P ＜ 0.01),and the alexithymia was positively correlated with the degree of separation in implicit and explicit self-esteem (r =0.421) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The alexithymia group has defects in the process of controlling emotional; Alexithymia as a kind of psychological traits may be influence consistency of implicit and explicit self-esteem.