Objective To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the diagnosis of congenital anorectal malformation.Methods Fourteen patients with congenital anorectal malformation received pelvic and sacrococcygeal MRI scan with 5 normal controls.The morphological changes of puborectalis and anal sphincter,and the abnormalities of anus,rectum,sacral vertebra and genitourinary system were observed.Results The best developed puborectalis and anal sphincter were showed in 13 cases,the better developed in 3 cases,the least developed in 3 cases,respectively.There were 7 cases with abnormalities of sacral vertebra and 5 cases with abnormalities of genitourinary system.Conclusion MRI examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of congenital anorectal malformation.The morphological changes of puborectalis and anal sphincter,and the abnormalities of sacral vertebra and genitourinary system can be determined by the MRI examination, which is important in clinical therapy planning and accessing the curative effect.

ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence rule and mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced gastric oxidative damage during perioperative period of liver transplantation.Methods Twenty-eight SD rats were randomized into 4 groups according to the random number table. The modelof orthotopic autologous liver transplantation was established in 3 groups, which were 4 h, 8 h, 16 h group according to the reperfusion time of the liver grafts. The other group was set as Sham group. Gastric tissues were stained with HE to observe pathological changes of gastric mucosal injury. Superoxide anion (O2-), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in gastric tissues were detected. The expression of thioredoxin (Trx)-2 in gastric tissues was detected by Western blot. The comparison on experimental data was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and LSD-t test.Results In 4 h group, congestion, edema and hemorrhage were observed in deep stratum and submucous stratum of stomach, as well as disorganized glands, regional hemorrhage and necrosis, and erosion was observed deep to the muscularis mucosa. In 8 h group and 16 h group, gastric mucosal injury was alleviated, and only congestion and edema in superifcial and deep layer were observed. In Sham group, the epithelium structure of most gastric mucosa was intact. The O2- and MDA of 4 h group were respectively (185±26) U/mg and (0.4±0.1) nmol/mg and those of 8 h group were respectively (192±59) U/mg and (0.5±0.1) nmol/mg, which were signiifcantly higher than (102±34) U/mg and (0.2±0.1) nmol/mg of Sham group (LSD-t=4.99, 4.23 and 6.37, 4.52;P<0.05). GSH and GSH-PX of 4 h group were respectively (17±6) mg/g and (781±174) U/mg and those of 8 h group were respectively (15±4) mg/g and (750±160) U/mg, which were signiifcantly lower than (30±6) mg/g and (1 162±215) U/mg of Sham group (LSD-t=-3.26,-4.01 and-3.78,-4.36;P<0.05). The O2-, MDA, GSH and GSH-PX of 16 h group were respectively (169±27) U/mg, (0.3±0.1) nmol/mg, (25±8) mg/g and (1 108±183) U/mg, and signiifcant difference was observed comparing with 8 h group (LSD-t=-2.85,-3.46, 2.66, 3.69;P<0.05). The relative expression of Trx-2 in 4 h group and 8 h group were respectively 52±10 and 43±8, which were signiifcantly lower than 125±16 of Sham group (LSD-t=-5.34,-6.23;P<0.05). The expression of Trx-2 in 16 h group was 160±18, which was signiifcantly higher than that of 8 h group (LSD-t=4.75,P<0.05). ConclusionIRI causes gastric oxidative damage in the early phase after liver transplantation in rats, which may be associated with the decrease of Trx-2 expression, increase of active oxygen and decrease in organic antioxidative ability.

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of forsythiaside B (FB) against cerebral oxidative stress injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Ninety C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group, and low-, medium and highdose (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively) FB groups. The expression levels of MDA, ROS, PCO, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx in the brain tissue of the mice were detected using commercial kits, and those of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 were detected with Western blotting. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, was used to verify the role of the AMPK pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of FB. In another 36 C57BL/6 mice randomized into 4 sham-operated group, MCAO model group, FB (40 mg/kg) treatment group, FB+CC (10 mg/kg) treatment group, TTC staining was used to examine the volume of cerebral infarcts, and the levels of ROS and SOD in the brain were detected; the changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: In mice with cerebral IR injury, treatment with FB significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3 and DAF-16 protein expression in the brain tissue (P < 0.01). Compared with FB treatment alone, the combined treatment with FB and CC significantly reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3, lowered expression of DAF-16 and SOD activity, and increased cerebral infarction volume and ROS level in the brain tissue of the mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION FB inhibits oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral I/R in mice possibly by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation, promoting the downstream DAF-16 protein expression and FOXO3 phosphorylation, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing ROS level in the brain tissue.
Mice ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain Ischemia ; Oxidative Stress ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Reperfusion Injury ; Reperfusion ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of 3D printing and digital technology in preoperative assessment and planning of internal fixation surgery for complex tibial plateau fracture.

METHODSComplex tibial plateau fractures and commonly used plates for tibial plateau were imaged using computed tomography (CT) to reconstruct the 3D fracture and plate models. The 3D models were used to perform virtual reduction and preoperative planning of internal fixation surgery with the most appropriate plates assisted by the 3D library of plates. According to the optimal plan, the 3D physical models of tibial plateau fractures and plates were 3D printed to simulate internal fixation operation. The effects of internal fixation were compared between the virtual surgery and the simulated surgery based on the 3D models.

RESULTSThe effects of internal fixation in the simulated surgery based on the 3D models were consistent with those of the virtual surgery. No significant difference was found in the screw length between the two surgeries.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of 3D printing and digital design can improve the effects of internal fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures.

Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate whether a 3D printed model of the contrlateral healthy distal radius, especially its articular accuracy, helps anatomical reduction and precise reconstruction of the fractured distal radius. Methods The CT data of bilateral radii were collected from 15 normal volunteers ( 11 males and 4 females with an average age of 22. 8 years ) between November and December 2016. After 3D reconstruction of the bilateral distal 1/3 radii, solid 3D models of left radius were mirrored and generated by 3D printing. The data of right radii ( reference group ) were compared with the data of the solid 3D models of left radius acquired through a 3D scanner ( test group ) using deviation analysis. Results The maximum volume difference between the 3D printed model and the contralateral radius was 6. 86％. The average volume of the reference group was 19, 165. 82 ± 3, 250. 50 mm3 and that of the test group 19, 310. 65 ± 3, 305. 15 mm3, showing no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( t= -0. 941, P=0. 363 ) . The maximum surface area difference was 3. 84％ between the 2 groups. The average surface area of the reference group was 5, 075. 80 ± 549. 34 mm2 and that of the test group 5, 139. 43 ± 572. 48 mm2, showing a signifi-cant difference ( t= -2. 451, P=0. 028 ) . The 3D deviation analysis showed a mean positive deviation of 0. 37 ± 0. 10 mm and a mean negative deviation of 0. 30 ± 0. 07 mm. The maximum mean square root was 0. 65. The 3D deviation was distributed mainly within 1 mm interval, with a distribution frequency of 96. 27％. Conclusions A 3D printed model prepared by high precision equipment is accurate enough to guide reconstruction of distal radius fractures in adults. In the treatment of complex fractures of the distal radius, a 3D printed model of the contralateral healthy distal radius can be used as a reference to achieve anatomical reduction and precise reconstruction of the fractured distal radius.

Objective To investigate the application of 3D printing and digital technology in preoperative assessment and planning of internal fixation surgery for complex tibial plateau fracture. Methods Complex tibial plateau fractures and commonly used plates for tibial plateau were imaged using computed tomography (CT) to reconstruct the 3D fracture and plate models. The 3D models were used to perform virtual reduction and preoperative planning of internal fixation surgery with the most appropriate plates assisted by the 3D library of plates. According to the optimal plan, the 3D physical models of tibial plateau fractures and plates were 3D printed to simulate internal fixation operation. The effects of internal fixation were compared between the virtual surgery and the simulated surgery based on the 3D models. Results The effects of internal fixation in the simulated surgery based on the 3D models were consistent with those of the virtual surgery. No significant difference was found in the screw length between the two surgeries. Conclusion The combination of 3D printing and digital design can improve the effects of internal fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures.

Objective To investigate the application of 3D printing and digital technology in preoperative assessment and planning of internal fixation surgery for complex tibial plateau fracture. Methods Complex tibial plateau fractures and commonly used plates for tibial plateau were imaged using computed tomography (CT) to reconstruct the 3D fracture and plate models. The 3D models were used to perform virtual reduction and preoperative planning of internal fixation surgery with the most appropriate plates assisted by the 3D library of plates. According to the optimal plan, the 3D physical models of tibial plateau fractures and plates were 3D printed to simulate internal fixation operation. The effects of internal fixation were compared between the virtual surgery and the simulated surgery based on the 3D models. Results The effects of internal fixation in the simulated surgery based on the 3D models were consistent with those of the virtual surgery. No significant difference was found in the screw length between the two surgeries. Conclusion The combination of 3D printing and digital design can improve the effects of internal fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures.