OBJECTIVE: Gynecologists occasionally encounter synchronous endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (SEO-EC) patients who show favorable prognosis than locally advanced or metastatic disease patients. This study aimed to elucidate prognostic factors of SEO-EC and identify patients who have a sufficiently low risk of recurrence without receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients with pathologically confirmed SEO-EC who underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1997 and 2016. Immunohistochemical evaluation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression were performed for both endometrial and ovarian tumors. Patient outcomes were analyzed according to clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: From the multivariate analysis, cervical stromal invasion indicated a worse prognosis for progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]=6.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.50–31.1) and overall survival (HR=6.95; 95% CI=1.15–41.8). Lymph node metastasis and peritoneal dissemination did not significantly affect survival. MMR deficiency was observed in 13 patients (28.3%), with both endometrial and ovarian tumors showing the same MMR expression status. MMR deficiency was not significantly associated with survival. Of 23 patients with lesions confined to only the uterine body and adnexa, only 2 had recurrence in the group receiving adjuvant therapy, while none of the 10 patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy had recurrence. CONCLUSION: SEO-EC patients with tumors localized to the uterine body and adnexa lesions had a low risk for recurrence and may not require adjuvant therapy. SEO-EC may have prognostic factors different from those of endometrial and ovarian cancer.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To treat advanced ovarian cancer, interval debulking surgery (IDS) is performed after 3 cycles each of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and postoperative chemotherapy (IDS group). If we expect that complete resection cannot be achieved by IDS, debulking surgery is performed after administering additional 3 cycles of chemotherapy without postoperative chemotherapy (Add-C group). We evaluated the survival outcomes of the Add-C group and determined their serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels to predict complete surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all stage III and IV ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer patients treated with NAC in 2007–2016 was conducted. RESULTS: About 117 patients comprised the IDS group and 26 comprised the Add-C group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that Add-C group had an equivalent effect on progression-free survival (PFS; p=0.09) and overall survival (OS; p=0.94) compared with the IDS group. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients who developed residual disease after surgery had worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR]=2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.45–3.28) and OS (HR=2.33; 95% CI=1.43–3.79), and those who received <6 cycles of chemotherapy had worse PFS (HR=5.30; 95% CI=2.56–10.99) and OS (HR=3.05; 95% CI=1.46–6.38). The preoperative serum CA125 cutoff level was 30 U/mL based on Youden index method. CONCLUSIONS: Administering 3 additional cycles of chemotherapy followed by debulking surgery exhibited equivalent effects on survival as IDS followed by 3 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy. Preoperative serum CA125 levels of ≤30 U/mL may be a useful predictor of achieving complete surgery.
CA-125 Antigen ; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies