PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of child-care efficacy, job efficacy, and health promoting lifestyle on the job satisfaction of in-home child care helpers who are called Idolbomi. METHODS: Participants for this survey were 153 in-home child care helpers who worked in Seoul. Data were collected from May 23 to October 17, 2014 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: There were significantly positive correlations between child-care efficacy, job efficacy, health promoting lifestyle, and job satisfaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of job satisfaction were spiritual growth, education level, job efficacy, effect of income. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we need to develop strategies to enhance the job efficacy and health promoting lifestyle of in-home child care helpers to improve their job satisfaction.
Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Life Style* ; Self Efficacy ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Empowering A Self-Efficacy (EASE) program on self-efficacy, self-management, and child attitude toward illness in children with epilepsy. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 10 to 15 year old children with epilepsy (11 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group) who were registered at one hospital in S city. The experimental group received the EASE program for 3 weeks. In the first week, a group meeting lasting 570 minutes was conducted on a single day. Over the next two weeks, telephone counselling was conducted twice a week. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of pre-post evaluation of the epilepsy self-management scores in the experimental group. However, differences between the experimental group and the control group for seizure self-efficacy and child attitude toward illness were not significant. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in Korea to develop and evaluate an intervention program for children with epilepsy. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of the EASE program.
Adolescent ; Attitude to Health ; Child ; Epilepsy/pathology/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Power (Psychology) ; Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Self Care ; *Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to identify factors affecting perception of the importance and practice of patient safety management (PSM) among hospital employees in Korea. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive design and a self-report questionnaire. Two hundred and eighty employees were recruited from three hospitals using a convenience sampling method. Measures were perception of the importance, practice, and characteristics of PSM. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Factors affecting perception of the importance of PSM were whether hospital employees were in contact with patients while on duty, weekly working hours, education on PSM, and perceived adequacy of PSM system construction. Factors affecting the practice of PSM were perceived adequacy of work load, perceived adequacy of PSM system construction and perception of its importance. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a need for developing strategies to improve perception of the importance and practice of PSM among all hospital employees, and provide a reference for future experimental studies.
Humans ; Korea ; Patient Safety ; Safety Management ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effectiveness and quality of sleep (QoS) in adult patients with nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including nocturia and nocturnal polyuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients with nocturia and daytime LUTS were enrolled in this study. All patients completed a questionnaire that included the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), overactive bladder questionnaire (OABq), and a sleepiness index. The sleepiness index was measured with the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Statistical analyses included the Student's t-test and chi-square test. Differences were considered significant at a p-value of less than 0.05. RESULTS: Nocturia during sleep was experienced by 68 (66.7%) out of 102 patients. There was no significant association between the nocturia- and the sleep-related scales, but with multiple regression analysis for sex and age, the K-BDI score (p=0.05), IPSS score (p=0.05), and OABq (p=0.02) were significantly higher in patients who woke up to void during sleep. A total of 57 (55.9%) patients diagnosed with overactive bladder with nocturia had severe daytime sleepiness on the ESS questionnaire (p=0.019) and more urgency symptoms on the IPSS questionnaire (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with nocturia had a greater risk of being depressive and felt sleepier during the daytime. LUTS including nocturia and sleep quality closely affected each other. Therefore, clinicians should consider patients' LUTS and sleep problems or QoS as well to provide more satisfying outcomes.
Adult ; Berlin ; Depression ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nocturia ; Polyuria ; Prostate ; Quality of Life ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Weights and Measures

The purpose of this study was to report age- and gender-specific distribution of the hand grip strength (HGS) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI-3 (2015) survey and determine cut-off values for low muscle strength of HGS of Koreans. Of a total of 7,380 participants, 4,553 were subjected to measurements of HGS, including 1,997 men and 2,556 women with a mean age of 49.3 years (range, 19–80 years). The mean ages of men and women were 49.0 and 49.5 years, respectively. HGS was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. It was defined as maximal measured grip strength of the dominant hand. The cut-off value for low muscle strength was defined as the lower 20th percentile of HGS of the study population. Maximum grip strength of men was significantly higher than that of women (40.2 kg in men vs. 24.2 kg in women, P < 0.001). The mean HGS was increased from the age of 19 to 39 years. It was peaked in the age of 35 to 39 years range for both men and women. It was then decreased after 39 years. The cut-off values of HGS in male and female elderly healthy populations were 28.6 and 16.4 kg, respectively. These data might be used as reference values when evaluating sarcopenia and assessing hand injuries.
Adult* ; Aged ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; Hand Strength* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Nutrition Surveys ; Reference Values ; Sarcopenia*

PURPOSE: We examined the effect of stress on the pathophysiology of bladder stability in terms of enzyme levels, Rho-kinase, and bladder relaxation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in scheduled stress environments for 7, 14, and 28 days; 24 rats were in the control group and 24 rats were in the test (stressed) group. RESULTS: Estrogen decreased significantly whereas testosterone and dopamine increased significantly in the stress group (p<0.05). Rho-kinase was significantly increased in the rats exposed to stress stimuli for 14 days (p<0.05). Collagen types I and III in the bladder tissue were significantly higher in rats exposed to stress for 14 days and 28 days (collagen type I in the 14-day group, p<0.01; collagen type I in the 28-day group, p<0.05; collagen type III in the 14-day and 28-day groups, p<0.05). Voiding frequency increased significantly as the duration of stress exposure was prolonged, in addition to a significant decrease in volume per voiding (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed in micturition pattern, factors that contribute to smooth muscle contraction, and relaxation in the female rat bladder support the hypothesis that stress affects bladder stability.
Animals ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type III ; Contracts ; Dopamine ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Relaxation ; rho-Associated Kinases ; Testosterone ; Urinary Bladder ; Urination

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of cyclooxgenase-2 inhibitors on patients with nocturia, whose symptoms persisted after the use of first-line drug therapy, such as alpha blockers and/or anticholinergics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients whose symptoms persisted after more than three months of first-line drug therapy were chosen to receive additional COX-2 inhibitors or antidiuretic hormones orally. Seven patients (group 1) were given 80mg of zaltoprofen at night, while 15 (group 2) were given 100mg of nimesulide at night. Desmopressin acetate (0.2mg) was administered at night to 11 patients (group 3) as a control group. Median follow up was 35 days (range, 28~90 days). RESULTS: In 25 patients (75.8%), the severity of nocturia was reduced. The median decline of nocturia in the COX-2 inhibitor groups (groups 1 and 2) was once, and it was statistically significant (p<0.001), while the median decline in each of these groups was twice (p=0.026) and once (p=0.002), respectively. The reduction of nocturia in the control group was once (p=0.011). The differences in reduction between the COX-2 inhibitor group and the control group were not statistically significant (p=0.418). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of the COX-2 inhibitors were not significantly different from those of desmopressin. Combination therapy with COX-2 inhibitors can effectively reduce nocturia in patients with refractory nocturia, following first-line drug therapy.
Cholinergic Antagonists ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nocturia* ; Vasopressins

Recently, the incidence of candida infection has increased. Candida species often show hematogenous spread to the kidney, brain, heart, and eyes. And delayed onset of hematogenous spread is relatively rare. A 53-year-old female patient was admitted with left anterior chest pain with swelling and mild fever. She had been treated successfully with fluconazole for candidemia caused by C. albicans eight month ago. On admission chest CT scan revealed multiple subcutaneous abscesses involving the anterior chest. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess was performed. C. albicans was isolated from drained pus. Treatment with fluconazole did not to improve the abscess; therefore, micafungin and voriconazole were administered as a replacement. The patient recovered after 10-week administration.
Abscess ; Brain ; Candida ; Candidemia ; Chest Pain ; Drainage ; Echinocandins ; Eye ; Female ; Fever ; Fluconazole ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lipopeptides ; Middle Aged ; Pyrimidines ; Suppuration ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Triazoles

OBJECTIVE: Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a critical proinflammatory regulator that has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit is increased in the eutopic endometrium and/or in the adenomyosis nodule of women with adenomyosis. METHODS: Thirty-three women with histologically confirmed adenomyosis after laparoscopic or transabdominal hysterectomy were recruited. Women with carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix without evidence of adenomyosis or endometriosis (n=32) served as controls. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues were sectioned and immunostained utilizing a monoclonal anti-human NF-κB p65 subunit antibody, and the immunoreactivity of NF-κB p65 subunit was compared between women with and without adenomyosis. RESULTS: The immunoreactivities of both the nuclear and the cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 subunit were significantly increased in the stromal cells in the eutopic endometrium as well as in the adenomyosis nodule of women with adenomyosis compared with controls, respectively. The nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 subunit was significantly higher in the glandular cells in the eutopic endometrium as well as the adenomyosis nodule of women with adenomyosis compared with controls, respectively. CONCLUSION: The expression of NF-κB p65 is increased in the eutopic endometrium and adenomyosis nodule of women with adenomyosis, which strongly suggest that NF-κB plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of adenomyosis.
Adenomyosis* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri ; Cytoplasm ; Endometriosis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; NF-kappa B ; Stromal Cells