Rhamnolipid,an important biosurfactant,is reviewed with respect to chemical strocture,properties,physiological role and their fermentation production,especially focusing on the production with inexpensive raw materials,such as vegetable oils and residues from agro- industrial wastes.This can not only reduce the production costs,but also contribute to the reduction of environmental impact generated by the discard of residues,and the treatment costs.

Objective To screen for clopidogrel metabolism related gene CYP2C19 in patients with coronary artery disease in Wuhan.Methods 316 patients,from Jan to Dec 2014,after cardiology percutaneous coronary interventional therapy (PCI) for the treatment of coronary artery disease were selected as research object.Clopidogrel metabolism related CYP2C19 geno-types (* 1,* 2,* 3)were detected by the gene chip,and for different types of metabolism of patients according to CYP2C19 gene type:strong metabolize type (*1/*1),intermediate metabolizer types (*1/*2,*1/*3),poor metaboli-zer types (*2/*2,*3/*3,*2/*3).Results According to the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism of metabolic function type, strong metabolic type carrying CYP2C19*1 (*1/*1)accounted was 43.4%,intermediate metabolizers carrying CYP2C19*2 or *3 (* 1/* 2 and * 1/* 3)and poor metabolizers (* 2/* 2,* 2/* 3 and * 3/* 3)accounted was 42.4% and 14.2%,respectively.Different gender had no statistical significance in CYP2C19 genotype differences.Conclusion Clopi-dogrel metabolism functional of CYP2C19 gene in patients with interventional coronary heart disease in Wuhan area had more deletion gene.

Objective To compare the dosimetric difference of RapidArc and fixed gantry angle dynamic IMRT (dIMRT) for loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Ten previously treated patients with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were replanned with RapidArc and dIMRT, respectively.The prescription dose was GTV 70 Gy/33 f and PTV 60 Gy/33 f.All plans met the requirement:95% of PTV was covered by 60 Gy.Dose-volume histogram data, isodose distribution, monitor units,and treatment time were compared.Results Dose distribution has no significant difference between the two techniques.RapidArc reduced the dose of the brainstem, mandible, and other normal tissues compared with dIMRT.Mean monitor units were 589.5 and 1381.0 for RapidArc and dIMRT (reduced by 57% relatively).Mean treatment time was 2.33 min and 7.82 min for RapidArc and dIMRT (reduced by 70% relatively).Conclusions Compared with dIMRT, RapidArc achieves equal target coverage and OAR sparing while using fewer monitor units and less time during radiotherapy for patient with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstrac:Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of medpor-coated tear drain in lacrimal bypass surgery without skin incision. Methods The data of 7 patients(7 eyes) who underwent no skin incision of lacrimal bypass surgery with medpor-coated tear drain were ret-rospective reviewed. The operation result and complications were observed. Results All patients were followed up for 5~17 months. Com-plete or significant improvement of epiphora was achieved in 5 cases at the last follow-up. Complications included conjunctival granulation hy-perplasia (3 eyes),nasal mucosal granulation hyperplasia (2 eyes),and discomfort (4 eyes). Conclusion The lacrimal bypass surgery with medpor-coated tear drain could be expected to improve epiphora of refractory lacrimal obstruction. The main complications are granulation hyperplasia and discomfort.

Objective: To construct siRNA plasmid expression vector in order to knockdown E2F-3 activity. Methods: Sixty-four base-pair oligos for hairpin RNA expression, which targeted E2F-3 gene, were chemically synthesized and annealed. The pRNAT-U6.1/Neo vector was linearized with Bam HI and HindⅢ. Finally, the annealed oligos were inserted into the lined pRNAT-U6.1/Neo to construct RNAi plasmid(pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo). The reconstructed RNAi plasmids were i-dentified by electrophoresis after digestion with BamHI and Hind Ⅲ, and were confirmed by sequencing analysis. Results: The recombinant pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo vector was identified by polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The results demonstrated that 64 bp had been inserted into the expected site. Furthermore, the insertion sequence was exactly correct and no mutation site was found. Conclusion: The pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo RNAi system was constructed successfully. This will facilitate the study of E2F-3 in bladder cancer cell lines.

Objective To discuss the significance of the application of real-time quantitative PCR(RQ PCR)for diagnosis and guidance therapy of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection after allo- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods Thirty-three patients were undergo- ing allo-HSCT.After hematopoietic reconstitution,patients'peripheral blood samples were detected for CMV DNA by RQ-PCR periodically.Anti-viral therapy was begun,attenuated and stopped ac- cording to the results of CMV DNA detection.The effects of anti-viral therapy and patients' clinical results were observed.Results CMV DNA was detected in blood samples from 13 of 33 patients. There were 21 episodes in these patients.Only 1 episode wasn't controlled hecause the patient gave up the therapy.CMV DNA copies were disappeared soon or decreased and then disappeared during anti-viral therapy in the others'.Patients which had symptoms and/or dysfunction of organs were cured too.Each course of anti-viral therapy was shorter than ordinary course.Conclusions CMV in- fection can he diagnosed as early as possible by RQ PCR.To begin,attenuate and stop anti-viral ther- apy according to the results of RQ-PCR is safe.The course is shortened and the side effects of anti vi- ral drugs were attenuated.

Objective To explore the key points of perioperative nursing patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery.Method The clinical data of 55 patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery were reviewed to summarize the nursing measures.Result Operative process in 55 pattents were succesful,surgery time ranged from 3 to 5 hours.16 of 55 patients developed with complications and all of them were recovered and discharged.Conclusions Perioperative nursing intervention for the patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery can reduce the incidence of complications,improve the life quality and help them build up their confidence in social and family life.

Objective To observe the expression of small ubiquitin?related modifiers(SUMO)protein in normal cultured human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)and discuss regulation effects of SUMO protein on oxidative stress induced by high glucose. Methods The expression and local?ization of SUMO 1,2/3,4 was detected in normal cultured SRA01/04 cells through immunocytochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of SUMO 1?4 were examined by RT?PCR after the SRA01/04 cells treated with high glucose media at different concentrations and time points. Samples were grouped by medium concentrations(glucoses 5.5 mmol/L,12.5 mmol/L,25 mmol/L,50 mmol/L respectively for 24 h)and by treatment time(0 h, 6 h,12 h and 24 h respectively). After highly efficient transfection of GFP?SUMO2 into SRA01/04 cells,the survival and apoptotic rates of transfect?ed and un?transfected cells treated with high glucose was detected by CCK8 method and AV/PI double staining flow cytometry. Results The immu?nocytochemistry results showed that SUMO1,2/3,4 proteins were mainly located in the nucleus of SRA01/04 cells and part of SUMO2/3 was in the cytoplasm. RT?PCR results showed that compared with the low?glucose group,the mRNA expression of SUMO1?4 was increased along the increas?ing glucose concentration in the high?glucose group(P<0.05). Compared with 0 h,the mRNA expression of SUMO1?4 was enhanced at 6 h,12 h and 24 h(P<0.05)in the high?glucose group treated at 50 mmol/L concentration. Compared with the un?transfected cells,the survival rate was in?creased and the apoptotic rate was decreased in GFP?SUMO2 transfected cells in oxidative stress induced by high glucose(P<0.05). Conclusion SUMO protein was positively expressed in SRA01/04 cells and the expression of SUMO mRNA was affected by oxidative stress induced by high glu?cose.

Objective To pay attention to screening family disease and gene examination in patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Method In this study, we investigated clinical data and performed gene sequencing of the pedigree and his family members with CAH. Results Based on clinical data, 3 of 6 family members were diagnosed CAH. Bone age of two boys nearly reach the maximum value. Genetic sequencing result indicated a T>A mutation of 1 004 position in CYP21A2 gene, which induced protein change I172N. Conclusion Disease screening and gene examine should be actively executed in patient with CAH in order to obtain diagnosis and start treatment as early as possible.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between VitD 3 concentration and glucose and insulin levels of OGTT in patients with CKD 3-5 stages.Methods: We included the patients with CKD 3 and 4 and 5 stages who fulfill the including standard.All patients were recorded the concentrations of [1,25 (OH):D3]concentration of glucose and insulin at fasting ,postprandial 1 h,2 h during OGTT and concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin level ,C peptide concentration.We performed the correlation analysis about [1,25 (OH):D3],glucose and insulin.Results: We totally included 91 patients with 3-5 stages CKD into our study.The D3 concentration of stage 3 were 160.9-261.3 mmol/L[(218.38±8.67)mmol/L] of stage 3,75.2-166.3 mmol/L[(117.01±4.72) mmol/L] of stage 4 and 11.8-96.5 mmol/L[(41.91±12.83)mmol/L] of stage 5 (P<0.05).The average concentrations of serum glucose at fasting,1 h after the meal and 2 h after the meal was(4.74±0.21)mmol/L,(8.31±0.43)mmol/L and(7.36±0.32)mmol/L in 3 stage and (4.92±0.25) mmol/L,(9.14±0.15) mmol/L and (9.14±0.39)mmol/L at 4 stage and (4.81±0.13)mmol/L, (10.72±0.41)mmol/L and (10.72±0.49)mmol/L at 5 stage (P<0.05).The average concentrations of insulin during OGTT at fasting,1 h after the meal and 2 h after the meal was (6.58±0.32) μU/L,(57.78±5.63)U/L and (42.77±8.45)U/L in 3 stage (6.03±0.53)U/L,(55.69±7.35)U/L and (62.52±5.39)U/L in 4 stage and (6.12±0.65)U/L,(62.82±9.73)U/L and (77.34± 8.62)U/L in 5 stage (P<0.05).Correlation analysis shows that the concentration of 1,25 (OH):D3 of different stages of patients with CKD and vitamin D 3 concentration and glucose tolerance test was found to be inversely associated with the insulin levels ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion:There are obvious differences of concentration of vitamin D 3 between patients with 3-5 stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).There also showed a negative correlation relationships between glucose and insulin levels ,and vitamin D3 concentration and glucose and insulin levels at OGTT of patients with 3-5 stages CKD.