Objective To investigate the changes of cardiac structure and function in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD).Methods From March 2010 to February 2011,90 HLD patients who did not receive formal treatment (observation group) and 30 healthy people (control group) were collected and analyzed with color Doppler echocardiography in the Institute of Neurology,Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Based on the clinical manifestations,cases were divided into hepatic type group (n =31),brain type group (n =42) and brain-visceral type group (n =17).According to the Child-Pugh classification,patients were divided into Child A group (n =71),Child B group (n =10) and Child C group (n =9).Results (1) The left atrial diameter ((28.00 ± 3.11),(29.62 ± 3.44) mm) and left ventricular diameter ((45.69 ± 3.75),(47.10-± 4.73) mm) of HLD patients in brain-visceral type group and hepatic type group were larger than that of the control group ((24.86 ± 2.63),(41.93 ±3.56) mm;t =3.143,4.761,P=0.018,0.000;t=3.764,5.167,P=0.018,0.000).The left atrial diameter and left ventricular diameter of hepatic type group were significantly larger than the brain type group (26.06 ± 3.68,43.34 ± 3.88;t =3.557,P =0.000;t =3.751,P =0.001).The value of E/A in the hepatic type group (1.57 ± 0.37) was significantly lower than the control group (1.93 ± 0.20;t =-0.352,P =0.006).(2) The left atrial diameter ((31.29 ± 1.70),(34.67 ± 1.97) mm) and left ventricular diameter ((48.29 ± 2.81),(53.67 ± 2.67) mm) of Child B and C groups were significantly larger than the control group ((24.86 ± 2.63),(41.93 ± 3.56) rm;t =6.429,9.810,P =0.000,0.000;t =6.357,10.738,P =0.000,0.000),and the Child A group ((26.42 ± 3.05),(43.89 ± 3.76) rm;t=4.871,8.252,P=0.000,0.000;t =4.399,8.780,P=0.003,0.000).The value of E/A of Child B and C groups (1.58 ± 0.32,1.26 ± 0.39) was lower than that of the control group (t =-0.347,0.662,P=0.020,0.000);At the same time,the value of E/A of Child C group was significantly lower than that of Child A group (1.80 ± 0.33;t =-0.530,P =0.000).Conclusions The HLD patients may have cardiac structural and functional changes,mainly manifested as left atrial and left ventricular enlargement and cardiac diastolic dysfunction,whereas a serious impact has not yet been found in systolic function.And the changes of cardiac structure and function were related to the degree of liver cirrhosis in patients with HLD.

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and mainly leads to optical nerve degeneration.Its primary mechanism is synthesis disorder of DN4 protein due to variation of mtDNA 11778 locus.So to construct a vector with exogenous normal ND4 and transfect into mitochondria is a key of gene therapy for LHON.Objective This study was to investigate the in vitro transfection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-ND4 gene into mitochondria.Methods Human renal epithelial cell lines transfected adenovirus E1A (293 cells) were regularly cultured and divided into two groups.Framework plasmids of recombinant AAV-ND4 or simple AAV2 were added to the cell medium respectively.The expression of ND4 in cells were located 12,24,36 and 48 hours after transfected by Y03 dual fluorescent quantum dots staining.The positive response for ND4 showed the green fluorescence.Results Cultured 293 cells grew well with 80％ confluence.Abundant green fluorescence particles were seen in cytoplasm in the AAV-ND4 transfected group,but only red fluorescence from mitochondrial protein was seen in the simple AAV transfected group under the fluorescence microscope.Conclusions Exogenous ND4 protein can been successfully transfected into mitochondria using the ND4 gene constructed AAV.This result provides experimental evidence for the further study on gene therapy of LHON.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, tumor distribution and the subcellular localization of AK078438 gene.

METHODSReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was applied to amplify the open reading frame of AK078438 gene. Prokaryotic expressing vector and affinity purification were used to get the fusion protein. At mRNA expressing levels semi-quantitative RT-PCR was employed for the investigation of its distribution in normal rat tissues, tumor cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lines. The eukaryotic expression green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein vector was transfected into cells and identified subcellular localization.

RESULTSThe full open reading frame of AK078438 gene with 1065 bp, 355aa were identified. mRNA of the gene distributed in brain, uterus, colon, bone marrow, testis and kidney, but not in stomach, liver, the lung, spleen and heart. Murine colon adenocarcinoma C26, melanoma B16, Lewis lung carcinoma LL/2 and MSC had the gene and mouse myeloma cell line NS-1 and Hepa mouse hepatoma cell line had no the gene. The protein was localized in cytoplasm.

CONCLUSIONProtein expression, expressing profile and subcellular localization of AK078438 gene set the basis for further exploration of its functions.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Open Reading Frames ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Transport ; Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo obtain the functional information of AY358935 gene.

METHODSThe properties, subcellular location, and structure of AY358935 protein, and the expression profile of AY358935 gene were analyzed by bioinformatics software and the biological functions of the gene were predicted. AY358935 expression was detected by Western blot analysis in early virus infection.

RESULTSAY358935 was evolutionally conserved. The human AY358935 protein had an amino acid similarity of 74%, 60%, 38% and 33% with its counterpart in horses, mice, zebrafish and Xenopus laevis, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that AY358935 protein was located likely in the mitochondria. There was a N-terminal signal peptide and single transmembrane structure in AY358935 protein, which contained several phosphorylation sites. The secondary structure mainly comprised of alpha helices and random coils. AY358935 was ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and carcinomas and regulated by the expression of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. AY358935 protein expression was obviously upregulated in cells 2 h after infection by vesicular stomatitis virus.

CONCLUSIONAs a predicted secretary protein with a small molecular weight, AY358935 might have important functions in cellular proliferation and anti-viral innate immune regulation.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Software ; Vesicular Stomatitis ; metabolism

Objective Observing changes in thehaemostatic system to determinetheseverity and prognosis of HELLP syndrome. Methods 127 cases of HELLP syndrome diagnosed in Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled from August 2010 to August 2018. Maternal and fetaldemographic characters, postpartum complications,length of hospital stay,prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Fibrinogen(Fg) and D-Dimer(D-D) were collected. Results There was no statistical difference inparturient PT, APTT, D-D levels between maternals of HELLP syndrome with and without postpartum hemorrhage,which were [9.6 (9.0, 11.5)s vs 9.4 (8.9, 9.7)s, P=0.243], [30.2 (29.1, 38.3)s vs 29.8 (27.7, 31.8)s, P=0.151], and [0.80 (0.52, 4.52)μg/ml vs 0.91 (0.55, 2.48)μg/ml, P=0.923] respectively. There was a statistically significant difference obvious difference in parturient Fglevels between two groups [(2.94±1.48) g/L vs (3.61±1.00)g/L, P=0.022). The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis showed that the AUC of fibrinogen level when estimating postpartum hemorrhage was 0.688(95％CI:0.600-0.767), cut-off value was 3.04 g/L, negative predictive value was 74.3％. There was a negative correlation between parturient Fg and days of hospital stay of HELLP syndrome maternal(r=-0.182, P=0.040). There was no statistical difference in parturient PT, APTT, Fg and D-D levels between the fetal survival group(n=93) and non-survival group (n=34), and between the distressed group (n=23) and he undistressed group(n=70) (P>0.05). Conclusions The low parturient Fg level may be a risk factor of maternal adverse clinical outcomes in HELLP syndrome. Maintaining the Fg at a stable level may reduce the incidence of HELLP syndrome adverse outcomes.

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the colonization rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and identify the proportion and risk factors for bloodstream infection.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. A total of 4 993 patients underwent rectal swab CRE screening for CRE, of which 137 were found to be positive. Clinical and laboratory data of the positive patients were collected, and the following parameters were analyzed: the positive rate of CRE screening in high-risk population, the species of colonized bacteria, antimicrobial resistance and the risk factors of CRE bloodstream infection in colonized patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square (χ 2) test, while multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. The results were expressed as relative risk (odds ratio, OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI). A significance level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The drug resistance rate of pathogen was analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results:During the study period, a total of 4 991 patients who underwent rectal swab screening were eligible for inclusion, of which 137 patients were screened positive, resulting in a positive rate of 2.7% (137/4 991). The positive rates were higher in the intensive care ward and hematology ward, with rates of 5.5% (27/493) and 3.3% (109/3 321), respectively. A total of 145 colonization strains were isolated from patients with positive CRE screening, including 63 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (43.4%, 63/145), 52 strains of Escherichia coli (35.9%, 52/145), 16 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (11.0%, 16/145) and 14 strains of other Enterobacterales (9.7%, 14/145). The metal β-lactamase production type was the main component of CRE positive colonizing bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance of 145 strains to 22 antibacterial agents revealed that amikacin and tigacycline were the most sensitive. Among 137 CRE screening-positive patients, 14 (10.2%, 14/137) developed bloodstream infection. The isolated pathogenic bacteria included 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 4 Escherichia coli strains, with a predominant serine carbapenemase producing. Notably, the enzyme type and antimicrobial resistance of the bloodstream infection isolates in the same patient were highly consistent with those of the previous screening strains. Comparison was made between patients with positive CRE screening and those with CRE conversion to bloodstream infection. The unifactor analysis revealed significant differences in surgical history, neutropenia, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, history of antibiotic use before rectal swab screening, screening within 48 hours after admission, and serine carbapenemase production by strains ( P<0.05). The multivariate analysis indicated that surgical history ( OR 24.659, 95% CI 2.540-239.411, P=0.006) and neutropenia ( OR 93.796, 95% CI 6.294-1 397.804, P=0.001) remained significantly associated with the risk of CRE bloodstream infection ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The CRE colonization rate was low in our hospital, but the proportion of patients with positive screening converted to bloodstream infection was high. Surgical history and neutropenia are risk factors for bloodstream infection transmission. Thus, it is essential to enhance monitoring in high-risk areas and susceptible patients.

Objective In this study, we aimed to detect the level of total circulating microparticles (MPs) in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) and analyze the proteome of MPs to explore their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PE. Methods 98 pregnant women with PE, 54 healthy pregnant women, and 51 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled from December 2016 to June 2018, whose MP levels were detected by flow cytometry and compared. Proteins extracted from the MPs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.Results The total MP level of the healthy pregnant group was significantly higher than thatof the non-pregnant group [159.87 (113.25, 218.18)/μl vs 94.10 (53.35, 140.23)/μl, P=0.004], but was not significantly different from that of the PE group. By proteomic profiling, 30 differential proteins were obtained between healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women, which were closely related to biological processes such as complements, coagulation cascades, angiogenesis and so on; 14 differential proteins were found between PE patients and healthy pregnant women, which were closely related to biological processes such as coagulation cascades, complements and inflammatory reactions, angiogenesis and so forth. Conclusions The level of circulating MPs may reflect the hypercoagulability of preeclampsia. In addition, circulating MPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE through various pathways by carrying different proteins, which indicates their potential value in the intervention of PE.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015,and to explore the current epidemic situation of HFMD so as to master the trend thereof.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was applied in analyzing and statistics for the monitored data of HFMD in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015.Results A total of 11 239 cases of HFMD were reported in Yangpu District from 2006 to 2015, which peaked from April to July.Among the 11 communities of Yangpu District, Jiangpu community and Yinhang community were the ones with more cases.The main patients were kindergarten kids below five years of age as well as children living separately in this area.The relevant results of etiological detection from 2010 to 2015 showed that the rate of patients infected by enteroviruses other than enterovirus EV71 and enterovirus CA16 rose constantly and exceeded the rate of EV71-and CA16-infected patients.Conclusion The HFMD in Yangpu District had distinct seasonal features as well as features of resident crowds.It is recommended that relevant monitoring and preventive work should be done for susceptible children during peak onsets thereof.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of direct antimicrobial susceptibility test in blood culture-positive broth, and to provide a basis for optimizing the antibiotic use strategy in clinical bloodstream infection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 780 blood culture-positive samples collected in Peking University People′s Hospital from May 2017 to December 2021. The direct antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method on blood culture-positive broth. The antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints were in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 S32 edition document.Results:In this study, a total of 331 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (139 strains of Escherichia coli, 79 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 35 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 21 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii) and 396 strains of Gram-positive cocci (25 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 316 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 47 strains of Enterococcussp.) were collected, after excluding 53 cases with two or more isolates. Compared with the routine antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST), the rates of category agreement (CA), major error (ME), and very major error (VME) of Gram-negative bacteria were 86.0% (1368/1 591), 8.7% (139/1 591), and 0.5% (8/1 591), respectively. On the other hand, the CA%, ME%, and VME% of Gram-positive cocci were 89.2% (960/1 076), 7.5% (81/1 076), and 1% (11/1 076), respectively. Regarding the individual antimicrobial agents, the CA% of Escherichia coli was 16/17 for imipenem, 90.1% (109/121) for meropenem, and 70.8% (85/120) for cefepime. For Klebsiella pneumoniae, the CA% of was 10/13 for imipenem, 80.9% (55/68) for meropenem, and 80.3% (53/66) for cefepime. The CA% of meropenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were 96.0% (24/25) and 16/16. The CA% of linezolid and cefoxitin in Staphylococcus aureus were 100% (25/25) and 100% (24/24), respectively. The CA% of linezolid, cefoxitin and gentamicin in coagulase-negative staphylococci were 98.9% (269/272), 94.5% (277/293) and 71.6% (194/271) respectively. Finally, for Enterococcus sp., the CA% of vancomycin and ampicillin were 91.5% (43/47) and 94.7% (36/38), respectively. Conclusion:Compared with the conventional AST, the blood culture-positive broth direct AST exhibited high category agreement and low error rates for both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci, which can serve a rapid alternative for AST in cases of clinical bloodstream infection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of nasal mometasone furoate on moderate to severe allergic rhinitis.

METHODSPatients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis were enrolled and received mometasone furoate nasal spray 200 microg once daily for four weeks. Four hundreds and sixty-three patients completed the study. We weekly interviewed the patients to evaluate the symptoms, and the affection of disease on night sleep and daily life. Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-RQLQ) and Nocturnal Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (NRQLQ) were used to evaluate the quality of life.

RESULTSThe individual and total symptomatic scores of week 1, week 2 and week 4 decreased compared with baseline. The scores of Mini-RQLQ and NRQLQ of week 1, week 2 and week 4 decreased compared with baseline too. The scores of the next visit were significantly lower than those of the previous visit (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSA four-week administration of mometasone furoate nasal spray can effectively treat allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mometasone Furoate ; Pregnadienediols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult