AIM:To obtain the fine safflower essential oil by supercritical CO_2 extraction(SFE-CO_2). METHODS: The effects of pressure, temperature and CO_2 flow rate on supercritical CO_2 extraction were studied and the safflower essential oil was analysed by GC-MS. Both yield and components of essential oil obtained by SFE-CO_2 were compared with that obtained from hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted extraction. RESULTS: The optimal conditions were determined: the pressure of 9 MPa, the temperature was at 40 ℃ and the CO_2 flow rate was 4 kg/h. The yield of essential oil by SFE-CO_2 was higher than that of hydrodistillation, the qualities of both kinds of essential oil were fine, as analysed by GC-MS. The yield of essential oil by microwave extraction was the highest, but its quality was worse than those obtained by using other methods. CONCLUSION: The SFE-CO_2 is a good method for extraction of safflower essential oils.

This article aimed at exploring the effects and protective mechanism of β-CM7 on renin angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic rats myocardial tissue. We divided 32 male SD rats into 4 groups: control group, diabetic model control group, insulin (3.7x10(-8) mol/d) treatment group and β-CM7 (7.5x10(-8) mol/d) treatment group. After 30 days, all rats were decapitated and myocardical tissues were collected immediately. After injection, β-CM7 could decrease the content of Ang II, increase the content of Angl-7. And β-CM7 could improve the mRNA of AT1 receptor and Mas receptor. β-CM7 also could improve the mRNA of ACE and ACE2, enhance the activity of ACE and ACE2. These data confirmed tli β-CM7 could activate ACE2-Angl-7-Mas axis, negative passage in RAS, to inhibit the expression ACE mnRiJA and protein in rat myocardium, alleviate the myocardial tissue damage induced by Ang II. The effect of β-CM7 on inhibiting myocardium damage might be related to ACE/ACE2 passageway.
Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Endorphins ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of midazolam on human ether-a-go-go (hERG) K+ channels exogenously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODSWhole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record WT, Y652A and F656C hERG K+ current expressed in HEK-293 cells.

RESULTSMidazolam inhibited hERG K+ current in a concentration-dependent manner, the half-maximum block concentrations (IC50) values were (1.31 ± 0.32) µmol/L. The half-activation voltage (V1/2) were (2.32 ± 0.38) mV for the control and (-1.96 ± 0.83) mV for 1.0 µmol/L midazolam. The half-inactivation voltage (V1/2) was slightly shifted towards negative voltages from (-49.25 ± 0.69) mV in control to (-57.53 ± 0.53) mV after 1.0 µmol/L midazolam (P < 0.05). Mutations in drug-binding sites (Y652A or F656C) of the hERG channel significantly attenuated the hERG current blockade by midazolam.

CONCLUSIONMidazolam can block hERG K+ channel and cause the speed of inactivation faster. Mutations in the drug-binding sites (Y652 or F656) of the hERG channel were found to attenuate hERG current blockage by midazolam.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; drug effects ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Midazolam ; pharmacology ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; therapy ; Plasma Exchange ; Propane ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning

Objective To explore the characteristics of food preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder,in order to provide some reference for treating the odd diet habits.Methods Comparing food selection styles through a self-made parents questionnaire including 113 kinds of common food in six categories in China in 162 cases of neurotypical children (NC) and 162 cases of children with autism (AC) to investigate the food preference characteristics of autistic children.Results Compared with NC,AC had narrow food repertoire in grain (NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 1.0(2.0),P＜0.001),beans(NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 1.0(2.0),P＜ 0.05),meat (NC refuse 0.0 (0.0),AC refuse 0.0 (2.0),P＜ 0.05),vegetables (NC refuse 3.0 (5.0),AC refuse 6.0(1.0),P＜0.001) and fruits(NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 2.0(5.0),P＜0.001).There was no difference in the food preferences in neurotypical children of different gender.However,AC boys were more selective in the grain (NA girls refuse 0.0 (1.0),AC boys refuse 1.0 (2.0),P＜ 0.05) and vegetables (NA girls refuse 3.5 (5.0),AC boys refuse 7.0(11.0),P＜0.05) than AC girls.Moreover,AC had higher preference to lower acceptance in most of food than NC,but not instant noodles(NC acceptance 71.01％,AC acceptance 81.02％,P＜0.05) and chilli (NC acceptance 20.71％,AC acceptance 28.47％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with NC,AC have narrower food repertoire.On the other hand,AC have significantly higher acceptance of stimulating food like chili and instant noodle.

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin pretreatment on the expression of Nrf2 protein during ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,aged 3-6 months,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation (TLV) group; one-lung ventilation (OLV) group; and curcumin pretreatment group (group Cur).In group Cur,curcumin 40 mg/kg (dissolved in 2 ml of 1％ sodium carboxymethylcellulose) was given via a gastric tube into the stomach twice a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before ventilation,while the equal volume of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was given via a gastric tube instead of curcumin in TLV and OLV groups.All the rabbits were tracheostomized,and a tracheal tube was inserted to perform TLV in TLV group,and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus to establish OLV in OLV and Cur groups.Volumecontrolled ventilation was used in the three groups and the ventilatory parameters were regulated to maintain SpO2 ＞ 90 ％.Immediately before beginning of ventilation (T0) and at 1,2 and 3 h of ventilation (T1-3),arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and determination of PaO2.The oxygenation index was calculated.At the end of ventilation,the rabbits were sacrificed and right lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio).The right lower lobe was isolated and puhmonary specimens were obtained for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (using colorimetric method) and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein (by Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination of pathological changes of the lung which were scored.Results Compared with group TLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,MDA content,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased,and the SOD activity and oxygenation index at T2,3 were decreased in OLV and Cur groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group OLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,and MDA content were significantly decreased,and the SOD activity,oxygenation index at T3,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in group Cur (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin pretreatment reduces ventilator-induced lung injury through promoting the expression of Nrf2 protein in lung tissues in rabbits.

AIM: To analyze the pathogens and drug sensitivity of chronic dacryocystitis in order to provide evidence for clinical drug use.
METHODS:Lacrimal secretion of 171 cases with chronic dacryocystitis was sampled for pathogenic bacteria culture identification and drug sensitivity test. Based on the results, the isolation rate of pathogens strains, the pathogens kind of chronic dacryoeystitis, main pathogens of chronic dacryocystitis, and sensitive drug for pathogens were analyzed.
RESULTS: The isolation rate of pathogens strains was 76. 61% ( 131 cases ). The pathogens constituting the chronic dacryocystitis were predominantly gram-positive coccus,the percentage was 72. 52% (95 cases), among which staphylococcus hominis occupied 27. 48% ( 36 cases), staphylococcus epidermidis 16. 79% (22 cases), streptococcus viridans 12. 98% (17 cases). The majority of these bacteria were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactam, tobramycin, gentamicin and levofloxacin. For gram -positive coccus, cefoperazone - sulbactam, gentamicin and tobramycin were the most sensitive drug. For gram-negative bacilli, cefoperazone - sulbactam, tobramycin and levofloxacin were most sensitive drug.
CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus hominis is the main pathogen of chronic dacryocystitis, tobramycin can be used as the first choice for local treatment of chronic dacryocystitis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of clinical pathway teaching methord in nursing practice teaching. Methods80 junior college nursing students were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Traditional clinical teaching method was given to control group, while the clinical pathway teaching method was given to observation group. Scores of comprehensive quality after departmental rotation and satisfaction rates of nursing students to teaching method in these two groups were evaluated. ResultsThe experimental group was significantly better than the control group ( P＜0.05 ), and the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionThe clinical pathway can significantly improve the quality of nursing practice teaching.

Objective To investigate the causes and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected parturient.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the 1021 HBV infected parturient from Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from July 2005 to June 2011.The comparisons were done by chi-square test.Results Among 1021 cases of HBV infected parturient,868 (85.01％) were asymptomatic and the PPH rate was 2.76％ (24/868) ;the remaining 153 cases (14.99％) were chronic active hepatitis B and the PPH rate was 16.99％(26/153).The difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2 =56.541,P＜0.01).The total incidence rate of PPH was 4.89％ (50/1021) and 17 cases (34.00％) were postpartum hemorrhage＞1000mL.The causes of PPH included uterine inertia (30/50,60.00％),abnormal placenta (11/50,22.00％),dysfunction of coagulation (5/50,10.00％) and lesion of birth canal (4/50,8.00％).The risk factors of PPH included delivery mode (x2 =6.528,P=0.038),abortion times (x2 =16.269,P=0.000),delivery times (x2 =6.990,P=0.008),ALT levels (x2=56.541,P=0.000) and HBV DNA (x2 =64.706,P=0.000).Conclusions The main causes of PPH in HBV infected parturient include uterine inertia,abnormal placenta,lesion of birth canal and dysfunction of blood coagulation.PPH is correlated with abortion times,delivery times,delivery mode,liver function and HBV DNA.The incidence of PPH in parturient with chronic active hepatitis B is higher than asymptomatic parturient.

Induced the mouse embryonic stem(ES)cells into neural cells on silk fibroin via the improved 4-/4+ RA method to explore the effect of the silk fibroin to the ES-derived neurons' growth,adherence and differentiation.Suspended the ES cells into EBs and then transferred them to three different substrates-coated 35 mm dishes including gelatin,Bombyx mori silk fibroin(SF) and Tussah silk fibroin(TSF) to identify the adherence and proportion of ES cells-derived neurons under these three substrates.The results showed that the EBs adhered to the gelatin and TSF are faster than to the SF.The average adhesive rate on gelatin and TSF are 90.3% and 84.4% respectively,and only 38.5% on SF,all the proportion of ?-Ⅲ-Tubulin positive cells is approximately 40%.It may provide important experimental information for tissue engineering,in which ES cells-derived neuron cells and silk fibroin materials are scaffolds,and also offer a source for cell therapy research of neurodegenerative disease.