There is significant evidence to show that many neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia, who were previously diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH), actually have cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS). The critical difference between SIADH and CSWS is that CSWS involves renal salt loss leading to hyponatremia and volume loss, whereas SIADH is a euvolemic or hypervolemic condition. The primary treatment for CSWS is water and salt replacement. The mechanisms underlying CSWS are not understood but may involve ANP or other natriuretic factors and direct neural influence on renal function.

BACKGROUND:Calcaneus has its special anatomy. Moreover, it is difficult to expose the inside to the posterior side of the joint surface. Lateral calcaneal soft tissue was less. The joint surface can be clearly exposed after incision, so lateral L-shaped incision is conventionaly used in calcaneal surgery. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the suspicious factors influencing the open reduction titanium plate for calcaneal fracture and internal fixation of L-shaped wound healing during bone graft. METHODS:A total of 84 cases (94 sides) of calcaneal fractures, who were treated in the Disabled Rehabilitation Center in Liaoning Province from June 2011 to November 2014, were included in this study. They were grouped according to the source of bone graft. Alograft group contained 52 sides (44 cases). Autogenous iliac bone graft group contained 42 sides (40 cases). Operation time of calcaneus was 7-10 days after injury. L-shaped incision was made for open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate and bone graft. The patient’s age, the type of bone graft, type of drainage and drainage time that may cause theincision complications were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Among 84 cases of 94 calcaneal fractures after operation, 16sides affected complications. (2) Significant differences in the incidence of complications were detected between negative pressure drainage and skin flap drainage (P< 0.05). Negative pressure drainage had a significant effect on reducing the incidence of incision complications. (3) Significant differences in the incidenceof incision complications were determined between the alograft group and autogenous iliac bone graft group (P< 0.05). Implantation of autogenous iliac bone could significantly reduce the incidence of incision complications. (4) No significant differencewas detected between the complication group and non-complication group in age and drainage time (P> 0.05). (5) These findings indicate that 7-10 days after injury, operation after the sweling subsided completely, the negative pressure drainage, and planting autogenous iliac crest can reduce the incidence of complications related to lateral calcaneal L-shaped incision.

Objective; To evaluate the influence of electrolyte's concentration at micro-arc oxide treatment on the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain. Methods; CP titanium specimens with size of 25 mm ×3 mm ×0. 5 mm were treated with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in Na_2SiO_3 solution of three different concentrations. After ultra-low-fusing porcelain was applied, a three-point-flexure-test was used to evaluate the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain. The surface of the specimens was observed by SEM and EDS, as well as the interface between titanium and porcelain. Results; The bonding strength values between titanium treated with MAO and porcelain was significantly higher then the control groups, Croup 20 g/L has the highest bonding strength values. SEM/EDS suggested that a porous thin layer of oxide which contains Si element is created by MAO, and higher concentration of Na_2SiO_3 leads to more Si element in oxide. Conclusion; MAO treating can improve the bonding strength between titanium and ceramic. Electrolyte's concentration has an effect on the bond strength between titanium and porcelain.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare aspirin chitosan-sodium alginate microcapsules(ACSPM)and to investigate its optimal formula and releasing mechanism.METHODS:The formula of ACSPM was optimized by the orthogonal design with entrapment ratio as index,and then ACSPM was prepared,with its release rate determined as well.The releasing mechanism of aspirin from the microcapsules was established by equation fitting of releasing kinetic model.RESULTS:The prepared microcapsules were uniform in size and contents.The optimized formula was as follows:the concentration of sodium polymannuronate and chitosan were 3.0% and 1.0%,respectively,and the proportion of polymannuronate to aspirin was 1∶ 4.The in vitro drug release was in line with both Higuchi equation and Peppas equation.CONCLUSION:This preparation technology was simple and the drug releasing mechanism of the preparation was chiefly characterized by drug diffusion including bulk erosion non-Fickian process.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yichang, so that to find common allergens of Yichang and to provide statistic basis for a reasonable prevention and treatment to allergic rhinitis. METHOD: 1,979 patients with allergic rhinitis in Yichang were detected for allergens by skin prick test and the distribution of positive rates to inhaled allergens was compared between different genders and ages. RESULT: 1,545 (78.1%) of 1,979 suspected allergic rhinitis patients presented positive reaction. The positive rate in male was significantly higher than in female, and that in juvenile group was significantly higher than in adults. Among positive cases in inhalation group, the most common allergen was flour mite (80.4%), followed by house dust mite (64.9%), cockroach (13.3%) and artemisia pollen (8.2%). CONCLUSION The study shows that the flour mite and house dust mite are the most common inhaled allergens causing allergic rhinitis in Yichang. We should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment for the juvenile patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Elderly patients have more loose bone. After fractures, bones are mostly crushed. Simultaneously, many elderly patients experience many internal diseases. Various organs have dysfunction. Surgery tolerance is poor, which also brings difficulty in treatment with internal fixator, and increases the risk of therapy. Thus, the choice of internal fixation method is not uniform. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the repair effects of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation blade and anatomic proximal femoral locking plate in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. METHODS:A total of 100 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were selected from the Youyi Branch, Kunshan First People’s Hospital from April 2011 to June 2013. They were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the experimental group received internal fixation with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation blade. Patients in the control group received anatomic proximal femoral locking plate. After treatment, folow-up was conducted. Operative indexes, postoperative Harris score for hip function and incidence of complications were compared and analyzed in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant difference in various indexes was detected in both groups (P > 0.05). Harris scores were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that internal fixation of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation blade for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly achieved satisfactory results in the recovery of joint function and had the advantage of few complications.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and clinical value of time intensity curve (TIC) of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma (RSHCC) and primary small hepatocellular carrcinoma (PSHCC). Methods Sixty-five cases of RSHCC (all lesions ≤3 cm) were devided into group B1 with 42 cases of RSHCC (≤2 years ) , and group B2 with 23 cases of RSHCC ( > 2 yeras ) and group A invloved 49 cases of PSHCC (all lesions ≤3 cm). Enhancement patterns in arterial, portal and delayed phase were evaluated respectively in three groups through CEUS and analytic software Sonoliver was applied to obtain quantitative features of CEUS in the region of interest. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was drawn and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated. Results CEUS showed hyper-enhancement difference in arte-rial phase in group B2 (72.4%) and group A (94.8%)(P′ = 0.008) showed statistical significance, but no sig-nificance was found in enhanced iso in portal phase (P = 0.078). Hypo-enhancement in the delayed phase in group B2 (75.9%), group A (96.6%) and group B1 (95.3%) (P′ = 0.003, P′ = 0.005). TIC showed HT difference (half time of descending) in B2 group, A group and B1 group (P′ = 0.007, P′ = 0.013) indicated statistical significance but RT, TTP, MTT(P = 0.319,P = 0.104, P = 0.461) showed no difference. AUC was 0.841 (half time of descending). Conclusions Enhancement patterns of CEUS (RSHCC) are related to recur-rent time . En hancement patterns of RSHCC (> 2 years ) is not typical so CEUS should be combined with quanti-tative analysis of TIC to provide reference for its treatment and prognosis.

Objective To investigate human papilloma virus(HPV) infection in normal endometrium, atypi-cal hyperplasia of endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. Methods By the nucleic acid hybridization,we detected 28 pairs of endometrial carcinomas, 21 pairs of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium. Normal endometrium from 16 pa-tients with uterine myomas were as control. Results HPV16/18 DNA was detected in 25 endometrial carcinoma and 2 atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and 1 normal endometrium. Conclusions Endometrial carcinoma HPV16/18 DNA were significantly higher than those infected with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium. Note the occurrence of endometrial cancer,the development may be associated with HPV infection.

Objective Experimentally to investigate the changes in vasospastic canine basilar arteries. Methods Vasospasm of basilar arteries was induced by double-injecting autologous blood into the brain cisterns. 28 adult mongrel dogs of both genders served as the subjects, of them 20 involved in experimental group and accepted the PTA treatment and the other 8 doges were in negative control group without any treatment. PTA was performed by a single inflation of balloon for 10 seconds at a peak pressure of 2.0 atmospheres. Angiography was re-performed at 30 day, 90 day and 300 day following PTA, respectively. The histologic changes were then evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Results Caliber of basilar arteries of all canines decompressed obviously, from 1.3 mm to 0.8 mm. In test group, PTA succeeded in 15 ones, with caliber of vasospastic basilar arteries enlarged obviously after PTA ( P

Objective To discuss the effect of the teaching mode of technological pedagogical and content knowledge in biochemistry theory teaching. Methods 400 students in 8 classes of clinical medicine undergraduate in Grade 2013 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The traditional teaching mode was applied in the control group of 198 students in 1-4 classes, while the technological pedagogical and content knowledge teaching mode was applied in the experimental group of 202 students in 5-8 classes. 385 students in 8 classes of clinical medical undergraduates in Grade 2014 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group of 189 students in 1-4 classes adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the experimental group of 196 students in 5-8 classes adopted the technological pedagogical and content knowledge teaching mode, which used the micro-lesson and network platform as learning resource superior to the flipped classroom. Flipped classroom was divided into two major learning links:extracurricular self-study and class digestion. Through the network platform the micro-lesson was presented to the learners. Learners could make self-study according to their own specific circumstances and in the classroom many activities were increased such as the mutual cooperation between the students, the students' PPT teaching, the students' questions and the discussion, and the interaction between teachers and students, etc. The results of the examinations of the two terms students of the same profession and the questionnaire were analyzed. The related data were processed by SPSS 15.0, and the data between groups were compared by t test . Results The test scores analysis showed that the individual test scores in experimental group of Grade 2013 were [(17.94±2.02) vs. (12.28±4.17)], and the individual test scores in experimental group of Grade 2014 were [(18.21 ±1.78) vs. (12.45 ±5.13)], which were obviously higher than the control group, and there was statistical significance. The final exam scores in experimental group of Grade 2013 were [(78.28±11.18) vs. (68.65±12.51)], and the final exam scores in experimental group of Grade 2014 were [(81.73 ±9.12) vs. (74.41 ±11.87)], which were obviously higher than the control group, and there was statistical significance. The results of survey showed that the students thought the teaching mode aroused their study interests while 393 (93.7%), thought the teaching mode developed their self-study ability while 357 (89.7%), thought the teaching mode beneficial to cultivating their ability of solving the problems. Conclusion The teaching mode of technological pedagogical and content knowledge is of certain signifi-cance to break the plight of the traditional teaching, inspire the students interest in learning, improve the teaching quality of biochemistry, and make for the teachers' professional development.