With an increasing prevalence all over the world,diabetes mellitus is considered as a potential cause of liver cancer in patients with non-viral hepatitis.Whether diabetes mellitus is the cause of liver cancer and related pathogenesis remain unknown.The article reviews recent large-sample cohort studies and confirms that diabetes mellitus increases the incidence rate of liver cancer and affects its prognosis.This article also investigates the association of hepatitis C,obesity,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with diabetes mellitus and liver cancer and finds that insulin resistance and activation of chronic inflammatory factors may be involved in the generation and proliferation of cancer cells.This article elaborates on the influence of anti-insulin resistance drugs on the development and progression of liver cancer and points out that diabetes mellitus may be the cause of liver cancer.Effective control of insulin resistance can help to reduce the development and progression of diabetes-associated liver cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of heroin dependence on the expression and the function of glucagon in islet A cells of rats.Methods The changes of numerical density on area of A cells and level of plasma glucagon of heroin-dependent rats were investigated by means of the immunohistochemical SABC method,image analysis and radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results As compared with SCG and NCG,it was observed that the number of Glu-IR positive cells increased and the intensity of immunohistochemical staining enhanced in the heroin-dependent groups.The result of image analysis showed that the numerical density on area of A cell apparently increased in the 38-day heroin-dependent group(P

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tachycardia ; therapy

Objectives To study the clinical diagnostic value of soluble major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ-related chain A(sMICA) and analyse the relationship of tumor biologic characteristics and sMICA in lung cancer. Methods The experimental level of sMICA was determined by ELISA in 116 lung cancer patients. The level of serum CEA, NSE, CA-199, CYFRA-211, SCC, ProGRP were determined by ELISA only in 91 lung cancer patients without any therapy. The level of sMICA in 50 normal persons was regarded as control group. Results The level of sMICA in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001); When sMICA cut-off was set as 240.5 ng/L, the sensitivity for the detection of lung cancer was 90.1%, the speciality was 46.9%. The positive rate of sMICA was significantly higher than that of CEA, NSE, CA-199, CYFRA-211, SCC, ProGRP(P<0.001 respectively); The level of sMICA in lung cancer patients with CR and PR after treatment were lower than that before treatment(P<0.05). The level of sMICA in lung cancer patients with relapse was higher than patients without any treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion SMICA may be a potential marker for diagnosing lung cancer with high sensitivity and speciality. It is associated with tumor progression and distant metastasis and may be helpful in the evaluation of diagnosis for lung cancer.

Objective To determine the adverse effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on the development of fetal cerebral function.Methods Sixty small for gestational age (SGA) and 40 appropriate gestational age (AGA) infants with a gestational age ranging from 37 weeks to 40+6 weeks who were hospitalized in the Ba Yi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Military General Hospital were included in this study.Patients with fetal distress,birth asphyxia,hyperspasmia,intracranial hemorrhage,periventricular leukomalacia,intracranial infection,septicemia and congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study.Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) was used to monitor the baby's cerebral function within three days after birth.The monitoring time was two to four hours in each infant.The observational indices included continuity,sleep wake cycling (SWC),interburst interval (IBI),minimum voltage and maximum voltage.Student's t test,Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to compare differences between the groups.Results Continuity:the frequency ofaEEG continuity in the SGA and AGA groups was 15.0％ (9/60) and 70.0％ (28/40),respectively (x2=31.14,P=0.00).SWC:the frequency of aEEG SWC in the SGA and AGA groups was 15.0％ (9/60) and 70.0％ (28/40) (x2=31.14,P-0.00).IBI:the frequency of IBI in the SGAandAGAgroups was (14.55±0.75) s and (5.09±0.89) s (t=57.21,P=0.00).Maximum voltage:the maximum voltage in the SGA and AGA groups was (10.40± 2.61) t V and (16.42± 5.53) μ V (t=-6.43,P=0.00).Minimum voltage:the minimum voltage in the SGA and AGA groups was (4.02± 1.61) μ V and (6.98±3.82) μV (t=4.63,P=0.00).Lower birth weight,hypoglycemia (without hypoglycemic encephalopathy) or hyperbilirubinemia (without bilirubin encephalopathy) had no significant influence on fetal cerebral function (all P＞0.05).Conclusions SGA infants have poor continuity,absence of SWC,longer IBI,and lower maximum and minimum voltage,which suggests that FGR,to an extent,has an adverse influence on the development of fetal cerebral function.

Objective To evaluate the value of lung sonography in diagnosis of neonatal pulmonary diseases and to provide a reliable and simple method for diagnosing neonatal pulmonary diseases.Methods From May 2012 to August 2012,105 newborns who admitted into Bayi Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study,including respiratory distress syndrome 40 cases (three of them with difficulty in withdrawing mechanical ventilation),meconium aspiration syndrome 17 cases,wet lung of newborn 17 cases and 30 health neonates without lung diseases.Lung ultrasound was performed at bedside by a single expert physician within the first 24 h of life.All patients with neonatal lung diseases were diagnosed by clinical manifestations,arterial blood gas analysis and chest X-ray.Results (1) Lung sonography of normal neonates showed hypo-echo (black),smooth and clear hyper-echoic pleural line.A line was hyper echo too.(2) All 40 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome showed lung consolidation with air bronchograms; abnormal pleural line,disappeared A-lines,pleural effusion and alveolar-interstitial syndrome.Five out of the 40 (12.5％)infants showed pleural effusion.(3) All 18 meconium aspiration syndrome infants showed focal lung consolidation under pleural membrane,alveolar-interstitial syndrome,atypical changes of abnormal pleural line and disappeared A-line in lesion area with lung sonography.(4) All infants with wet lung of newborn (100.0％,17/17) showed double lung point,with which all wet lung of newborn could be diagnosed.(5) Differential diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome with wet lung of newborn:five infants with severe dyspnea showedwhite lung in X-ray and were diagnosed as respiratory distress syndrome,while sonography only showed severe lung edema and one infant showed pleural effusion which was in accordance with wet lung of newborn,so was their courses of disease.(6) Three cases of respiratory distress syndrome showed dyspnea after withdrawing mechanical ventilation,and lung sonography showed local atelectasis but normal in X-ray.Conclusions Lung ultrasound has many advantages,such as accurate,reliable,no radiation damage,low-cost and simple; therefore,it is feasible in neonatal ward.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of domestic exogenous pulmonary surfactant (EPS)-Calsurf in treating full-term neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods (1) From January 2011 to June 2012,154 full-term neonates with RDS were divided into Calsurf group (74 cases) and Curosurf group (80 cases),comparing differences in changes of arterial blood gas,the length of hospital stay,hospitalization expenses,duration of mechanical ventilation,inspired oxygen time,the incidences of complications and repeated EPS use rates between two groups.(2) In order to compare the effectiveness of different doses of Calsurf in treating full-term neonatal RDS,from July 2012 to March 2013,80 RDS patients who received Calsurf were divided into mild-moderate group (grade Ⅱ ～ Ⅲ on chest X-ray,50 cases) and severe group (grade Ⅳ on chest X-ray,30 cases).Furthermore,each group was divided into two subgroups,which were low-dosage(per-time 30 ～40 mg/kg) and high-dosage group (per-time 30 ～40 mg/kg).Results (1) Before administrating Calsurf and after administrating it at 0.5 h and 6 h,the pH,PaCO2 and PaO2 of RDS patients were no significant difference in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) There were no significant difference between the duration of mechanical ventilation,inspired oxygen time,length of hospital stay in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).But the hospitalization expenses in Calsurf and Curosurf groups were 28.778 versus 31.827 thousand yuan,respectively,with the average reduction of 9.6％ in Calsurf group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) There were no significant difference between the morbidities and mortalities of multiple organ failure,persistent pulmonary hypertension,acute renal failure and pneumothorax in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(4) In mild-moderate grade RDS patients,the low-dosage or high-dosage of Calsurf had similar effectiveness in improving bloog gas (P ＞ 0.05),the repeated Calsurf use rates of both subgroups were 16.0％ (4/25) and 20.0％ (5/25) (P ＞ 0.05).While in severe RDS patients,high-dosage Calsurf got a better effectiveness in improving bloog gas than low-dosage Calsurf(P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the repeated Calsurf use rates of the low-dosage and high-dosage subgroups were 20.0％ (3/15) and 33.3％ (5/15),with a 40％ reduction in high-dosage subgroup.Conclusion (1) Both Calsurf and Curosurf can significantly improve the conditions of hypoxemia and hypercapnia,moreover,the length of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation of both groups are similar,with less hospitalization expense in Calsurf group.(2) Both low and high-dosage Calsurf have similar curative effect on mild-moderate RDS,but for severe RDS,high-dosage Calsurf works better,reducing the repeated EPS use rate to some extent.

As the disease progresses, there is a significant change in the body composition of patients with liver cirrhosis, and sarcopenia is one of the common complications in liver cirrhosis, especially in decompensated cirrhosis. About 30%-70% of patients with liver cirrhosis have sarcopenia, which greatly affects patients’ survival and is closely associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Sarcopenia may also increase the risk of infection. Sarcopenia and muscle fatty degeneration can be used as poor prognostic indicators of hepatocellular carcinoma and may increase the risk of recurrence of liver cancer. This article reviews the research advances in the definition of sarcopenia, the association of sarcopenia with liver cirrhosis, and assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia.

Aquilaria sinensis callus induced by stem tips were used to establish the suspension cell system. The results showed that the most suitable medium for callus induction and subculture is MS + 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA + 1.0 mg x L(-1) 6-BA. After 12 times of subculture, the energetic and loose callus, which were appropriate for cell suspension culture, were cultured and shook in liquid medium MS + 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA + 1.0 mg x L(-1) 6-BA + 500.0 mg x L(-1) casein hydrolysate (CH) to establish the suspension cell system. The growth curve of suspension cells showed a "S" type. At the beginning of the culture, cell density increased slowly; during 4 to 6 days, suspension cells reached logarithmic growth period; during 7 to 12 days, suspension cells were in the platform period; but after 12 days, cell density and activity went down obviously. Agarwood sesquiterpenes were not detected in the suspension cells during the growth period, however, they could be detected in MeJA treated suspension cells. In this study, a stable and active growing suspension cell system was established, which was a proper system to study the mechanism of agarwood sesquiterpene formation, and additionally provided a potential way to generate agarwood sesquiterpenes through application of cell culture.

Objective To explore the relationship between the CHADS2 score and short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods Consecutive ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were hospitalized within 7 days after stroke were registered.Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of CHADS2 pre-stroke score (0 to 1,2,3to 6).And recovery was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months follow-up (mRS ≤ 2reflected good prognosis,and mRS ≥ 5 implicated unfavorable outcome).After screening the risk factors affecting prognosis using univariate analysis,the relationship between CHADS2 score and prognosis was estimated using logistic regression model.Results Of 203 patients enrolled,the CHADS2 score of 0-1,2,3-6 were present in 72,53 and 78 respectively.Patients with the higher CHADS2 score had a higher initial NIHSS score (9.8,12.6,13.0,F =3.404,P =0.008 ),more likely to receive nosocomial pulmonary infection( 12.5％,34.0％,39.7％,x2 =14.643,P =0.001 ),negatively related to good prognosis (x2 =28.542,P =0.000 ) and positively related to unfavorable outcome ( x2 =23.575,P =0.000 ).Logistic regression model results suggested that CHADS2 score was an independent predictor of good prognosis and unfavorable outcome. Compared with CHADS2 score 3-6, CHADS2 score 0-1 was independently associated with good prognosis ( OR =5.018,95 ％ CI 2.055-12.560 ).And compared with CHADS2 score 0-1,CHADS2 score 3-6 was independently associated with unfavorable outcome ( OR =6.197,95％ CI1.670-22.996 ).Conclusions CHADS2 pre-stroke score appears to be useful in prediction of stroke outcome for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.After acute ischemic stroke,the patients with the lower CHADS2 score (0-1) are more likely to achieve good prognosis,inversely,the patients with the higher CHADS2 score (3-6) are more likely to achieve unfavorable outcome.