Objective To induce directional differentiation from spinal cord-derived neural stem cells(SNSCs)into neurocytes in the simulated microenvironment of development of embryonic spinal cord of rat after isolation and culture of SNSCs and to investigate the proliferation and differentiation of SNSCs in vitro.Methods SNSCs were isolated mechanically from rat embryonic(E10 to 11d)spinal cord under microscope.SNSCs were cultured and maintained in serum-free medium.Directional differentiation from SNSCs to neurocytes was induced by adding N4 supplement.The morphologic features of the differentiated cells were noted.Cultured and differentiated cells were identified by immunochemistry stain and t he mean differentiating percentages of the positive cells were calculated.Resul ts SNSCs isolated by the mechanical method under microscope were vigorous and pr oliferative,and could differentiate into neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocyt es.Conclusion The mechanical method under microscope of isolating SNSCs is simp le and efficient to obtain a high percentage of neurons.N4 supplement can induc e SNSCs to differentiate into neurocytes.

Objective To assess the effect of parent-child individual management in children with mycoplasma pneumonia and to provide guidance for improve the quality.Methods 482 children with mycoplasma pneumonia were divided into parent-child individual management group and conventional intervention group according to the time including the study.The parent-child individual management group used specially formulated for the mother and child management intervention + conventional measures.The conventional intervention group used conventional nursing neasures.The duration of hospitalization,hospitalization expense,depression,family members of patients satisfaction,curative effect,clinical index were compared between the two groups.Results Mter intervention,compared with the conventional intervention group,the duration of hospitalization,hospitalization expense decreased lower [length of stay:(12.08 ± 1.26) d vs.(15.82 ± 3.07) d,t =16.398,P =0.000;hospitalization expense:(641.57 ± 124.28) RM B vs.(896.72 ± 179.15) RM B,t =17.012,P =0.000],the maternal anxiety of the parent child individual management group reduced obviously [anxiety scores (34.21 ± 4.51) points vs.(43.29 ± 6.17) points,t =17.245,P =0.000] and the satisfaction of children of the parent-child individual management group improved obviously(most satisfaction rate:65.71％ vs.49.52％,x2 =10.663,P =0.001;satisfaction rate:27.14％ vs.29.25％,x2 =0.928,P =0.710;general satisfaction rate:5.71％ vs.16.04％,x2 =10.538,P =0.000;dissatisfaction:1.43％ vs.5.19％,x2 =3.552,P =0.060;total rate:92.86％ vs.78.77％,x2 =16.021,P =0.000).The efficacy of the parent-child individual management group improved obviously (inefficiency:7.14％ vs.21.22％,x2 =16.021,P =0.000;efficiency:17.19％ vs.21.21％,x2 =1.812,P =0.178;cure rate:73.33％ vs.53.30％,x2 =17.364,P =0.000;total effective rate:92.85％ vs.78.77％,x2 =16.021,P =0.000).The clinical indicators of the parent-child individual management group were improved obviously[pyretolysis days:(3.42 ± 1.46) d vs.(4.56 ±1.67) d,t =7.463,P =0.000;cough disappeared days:(8.72 ± 2.04) d vs.(10.29 ± 1.95) d,t =8.030,P =0.000;rales disappeared days:(3.96 ± 1.45) d vs.(5.87 ± 1.7 1) d,t =12.370,P =0.000].Conclusion The parent-child individual management in children with mycoplasma pneumonia has good effect on the hospitalization days,hospitalization expense,the satisfaction of children,the curative effect and the clinical indicators,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution in respiratory tract infection during the past twelve years.METHODS The method was retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS A total of 7596 strains in(clinical) specimens were isolated.It showed that the isolating rate of Gram positive cocci,Gram negative bacilli and fungis was 34.56%,48.62% and 10.10%,respectively.The isolating rate of Gram positive cocci was 25.96% between Jan 1991 to Dec 1996,the most commonly isolated bacteria of which were Staphylococcus(aureus),Streptococcus pneumoniae and ?-hemolytic streptococci,with isolating rates being 6.85%,4.84 % and(4.26%),(respectively);the isolating rate of Gram negative bacilli was 63.33%,the most commonly isolated bacteria of which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,with isolating rates being(8.46%),7.97% and 7.09%.The isolating rate of Gram positive cocci was 37.91% between Jan 1997 to Dec 2002,the most commonly isolated bacteria of which were S.aureus,?-hemolytic streptococci and Str.pneumoniae,with isolating rates being 10.28%,7.02% and 6.68%,respectively;the isolating rate of Gram negative bacilli was 47.64%,the most commonly isolated bacteria of which were P.(aeruginosa),E.coli and K.pneumoniae,with isolating rates being 8.19%,7.07% and 5.21%,respectively.The isolating rate of fungi was 6.06% and 11.43%,respectively during the two stages,the most commonly pathogen of which was Candida albicans.(CONCLUSIONS) The pathogen spectrum distribution in respiratory tract infection during the past twelve years has changed significantly.The isolating rate of Gram positive cocci and fungi,respectively is gradually increasing,but that of Gram negative bacilli is decreasing.

Objective To assess the value of computed tomgraphy (CT)in differential diagnosis between medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC)and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods CT findings of 20 lesions in 16 MTC patients and 35 lesions in 35 PTC patients were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were confirmed by pathology exam.We investigated the shape,location,bitten cookie sign,calification and lymph node metastasis between the two groups of patients to summarize the sensitivity and specificity of regular shape for MTC or lesions located in lower thyroid lobe,bitten cookie sign,lymph node metastasis for PTC.Results Regular shape was more common in MTC patients than in PTC patients (X2=5.815,P=0.016),with sensitivity and specificity of 55％ and 77.1％ respectively.Lesions were located at lower thyroid(X2=10.732,P=0.001),bitten cookie sign(X2=18.832,P=0.000)and lymph node metastasis (X2=4.377,P=0.036)was significantly more common in PTC patients than in MTC patients,with sensitivity and specificity of 40％ (14/35)and 100％ (16/16),80％ (28/35)and 80％ (16/20),and 68.6％(24/35)and 62.5％(10/16)respectively.Calcification was not significantly different between MTC and PTC patients (X2=0.550,P=0.458).Conclusions CT plays an important role in differential diagnosis between MTC and PTC.Regular shape is helpful for the diagnosis of MTC.Leisions located at lower thyroid,with bitten cookie sign and lymph node metastasis are conductive to the diagnosis of PTC.

Objective To identify the differential serum proteins in patients with hepatic injury resulting from coal-burning type of arsenism. Methods Six serum samples were collected from patients with liver injury resulting from coal-burning type of arsenism and healthy subjects(control gruop) in endemic arsenism area. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) was performed to separate serum proteins, after silver staining, the differential expression of proteins were analyzed and then identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Results The 2-DE map of serum protein patterns of patients and normal control were established successfully. The results showed that there were an average of (824 ± 31 ) spots and (782 ± 42) spots on 2-DE matching of the patients and control groups and the matching rate was 94.9%(782/824). From these two groups 49 differential protein spots were identified, of which over 3 times the difference in the expression of 30 protein spots were singled out and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was carried out. Ten proteins were identified. Upregulated expression was observed in alpha-2-macroglobulin, B-cell receptor-associated protein, keratin 1,apolipoprotein A-I, and down-regulated expression was observed in haptoglobin, α2-heremans-schimid-glycoprotein,mitogen-activated protein kinase 4, zinc finger protein 323, ZAP-70 and SP40 in the patient group. Conclusions The well-resolved and reproducible 2-DE serum patterns of patients are established and some differentially expressed proteins are characterized. Whether these proteins of differential expression are serum markers for liver injury resulting from coal-burning type of arsenism need to be further verified.

Background:Fibroscan is the noninvasive method widely used to evaluate quantitatively the liver fibrosis and monitor the long-term efficacy of anti-fibrosis therapy. Aims:To study the use of Fibroscan for evaluating the efficacy of combined therapy with FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet and antiviral drugs in patients with hepatitis B virus( HBV)-related cirrhosis. Methods:A total of 90 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis from March 2013 to September 2014 at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital were recruited,and divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in treatment group received FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet,and patients in control group received conventional liver-protective drugs,all the patients took nucleoside antiviral drugs at the same time. The treatment courses in both groups were 6 months. Liver stiffness measurement( LSM)was detected by Fibroscan before and after treatment. Biochemical parameters,width of portal vein and clinical symptoms were recorded. Results:After treatment,LSM was significantly decreased in both groups( P <0.05). Liver function,width of portal vein and Child-Pugh score were improved in both groups(P <0. 05),and no significant differences were found between the two groups(P>0. 05). LSM was closely associated with Child-Pugh score both before and after treatment(r=0. 484,P<0. 01;r=0. 523,P<0. 01). Patients with Child-Pugh A had lower LSM than those with Child-Pugh B or Child-Pugh C(P<0. 01). Conclusions:FuFang BieJia RuanGan tablet combined with oral antiviral drugs can remarkably improve the liver function of cirrhotic patients and prevent progression of cirrhosis. Dynamic detection of LSM can be used for monitoring drug efficacy and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis.

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear now. lt is usually appearing in adult period and predominant in females. The symptoms are typically triggered by stress, fatigue, intense light or individual factors. At advanced stages patients develop functional blindness. At present the main treatments include: botulinum toxin ( BTX ) , surgical procedures, systemic and ocular drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. BTX administration has been an effective treatment. Surgical procedures have good effect but should be limited to the rare patients that do not respond to botulinum toxin treatment. A great variety of drugs have poor results. Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms. The epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment system were reviewed in this paper.

As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), mineral medicine plays an irreplaceable role. However, little has been reported on its species and valence state of heavy metals and deleterious elements, and also the relevance to pharmacological effect and toxicology. The present paper, in a new perspective, summarized the determination of the species and valence state of heavy metals and deleterious elements in recent years, discussed the progress of the pharmacological effect and toxicology, and prospected for future study which might provide reference for mineral medicine.
Animals ; Drug Contamination ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; toxicity ; Minerals ; analysis ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEWolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by various clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of WFS.

METHODSOne case of WFS was reported. Combined with the clinical data of 8 cases of WFS which had been reported in China between 1994 and 2007, the clinical characteristics of WFS were reviewed.

RESULTSInsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as the earliest manifestation was found in all of the 9 patients, with a median onset age of 5.0 years. Optic atrophy occurred in 8 patients (onset age: 8.5 years), diabetes insipidus in 7 patients (onset age: 8.5 years) and deafness in 7 patients (onset age: 9.8 years). Short stature was found in 6 patients and hydroureteronephrosis in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONSInsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was the first presentation in children with WFS. Optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus and deafness were common complications, with a various onset age.

Based on the pathophysiology of the brain, advance in angiogenesis induced by stroke, and evidences of Chinese-medicine-mediated angiogenesis, the possibility to study the stroke-treating mechanism of Chinese medicine in angiogenesis was discussed. And regarding our previous work on angiogenesis modulated by qi-tonifying and stasis-eliminating therapy following intracerebral hemorrhage, we proposed some questions, which should be taken into account in the further work.
Brain ; blood supply ; pathology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Stroke ; therapy ; Wound Healing