High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) is a new type of oxygen therapy. Because of its unique physiological effects, the clinical application is becoming more and more popular. The article summarized HFNC has obvious advantages in oxygenation and comfort. In the clinical, HFNC is widely used in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, respiratory failure after the operation or extubation and respiratory tract invasive operation. But there is no literature reports in improving ventilation to reduce carbon dioxide. If patients′ respiratory, cycle and oxygenation show no significant improvement after application of HFNC for a short time, it should be replaced as soon as possible for the noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. In this article, the characteristic and application of HFNC will be reviewed.

The aim of laboratory evaluation of basic education is to improve the quality of experimental teaching,which demands thorough reforms of many aspects,including the ranks of teachers,administration,content,methods and instrument of teaching. This article summarizes the experience and achievement of Functional Laboratory Centre,Central South University during under- graduate teaching evaluation by the Ministry of Education in 2006.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment for the congenital coronary artery anomaly.Methods 15 patients with coronary artery anomaly,congenital coronary artery fis-tulas were 11 patients,including 1 patient associated with Fallot,5 patients underwent ligation of isolated fistula and 1 patient's fistula was performed tangent suture though off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass,4 pa-tients'fistulas were repaired by endocardiac way and 1 patient was mended through dissection of fistula under Oil-pump cardiopulmonary bypass.Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery were 4 patients and 1 patient associated with rheumatoid valve disease.Operative methods included ligation of left circumflex (1 case),anastomosis of left subclavian artery-left artery-left main (1 case) and transplantation of left main(2 cases).Results There was 1 death becaused severe low cardiac output syndrome,and the there was good prognosis and no clinical symptoms found in 14 patients during follow-up.Conclusion The feasible operation for the coronary artery anomaly should be performed as early as possible once diagnosed correctly.

Objective To construct the recombinant protein AtlM ( rAtlM) of Staphylococcal au-reus through prokaryotic expression system and to investigate its antibacterial activity in vitro.Methods The specific primers were designed according to atlM gene sequence of Staphylococcal aureus recorded in Gen-Bank, and atlM gene was amplified by PCR from the Staphylococcal aureus strain (ATCC25923).The re-combinant plasmid pET-32а(+)/atlM was constructed and transformed into Transetta ( DE3 ) to express AtlM after induced by IPTG .The expressed protein AtlM was further analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified by electroeluting of bag filter.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rAtlM to ATCC25923 and oxac-illin-resistant S.aureus strain were determined by the broth microdilution method .S.aureus ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain (final concentration of 5×105 CFU/ml) were exposed to rAtlM (50 μg/ml) respectively to test its antibacterial activity in vitro.Results The recombinant protein AtlM was expressed and purified successfully with a relative molecular weight of 80 ×103 and a concentration of 1.25 mg/L.The MICs of rAtlM to ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain were 8 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively.In vitro test showed that rAtlM had inhibitory effects on the growth of ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain after 1 h of intervention (P=0.004 and P=0.026, respectively), which lasted to 5 h for ATCC25923 strain (P=0.012) and 3 h for oxacillin-resistant strain (P=0.001).Conclusion This study shows that rAtlM has a certain antibacterial effects on S.aureus ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain, suggesting a possibility of serving as antimicrobial agent.

Objective To investigate the effect of lung ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in dogs.Methods Twelve adult mongrel dogs,weighing 15-20 kg,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =6 each):lung I/R (group I/R) and ischemic preconditioning group (group IP).The left pulmonary artery was occluded at 10 min of off-pump CPB and mechanical ventilation was stopped in the left lung,60 min later occlusion was released,and mechanical ventilation was recovered to establish the model of left lung ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by CPB.In group IP,lung ischemic preconditioning was induced by 2 cycles of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion before occlusion of the left pulmonary artery.Before CPB (T1),immediately after occlusion of the left pulmonary artery (T2),at the end of CPB (T3),and at 2 h after the end of CPB (T4),pulmonary specimens were collected for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and expression of AQP1 and for examination of the pathological changes of lungs which were scored.Respiration index (RI),oxygenation index (OI),and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (P(A-a)O2) were calculated at T1,T3 and T4,and the left pulmonary alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) was calculated at T4.Results Compared with group I/R,P(A-a) O2 and RI were significantly decreased,OI was increased,W/D ratio and pathological scores were decreased,the expression of AQP1 was up-regulated,and the AFC was increased at T3 and T4 in group IP.The pathological changes of the lung were significantly attenuated in group IP as compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which lung ischemic preconditioning mitigates lung I/R injury induced by CPB is related to upregulation of the expression of AQP1 in dog lung tissues.

OBJECTIVE To develop an explant outgrowth culture system for airway ciliated cells and explore the usefulness of the system.METHODS Mucosal specimens from rabbit tracheal epithelium were seeded into collagen-coated cover-slips. After 7 days,the specimens were characterized by Photo- contrast microscopy,transmission and Scanning electron microscope. They were also examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining and mucin-5AC immunohistochemistry. Ciliary beat frequency was measured with high-speed digital microscopy. RESULTS Many ciliated cells with good viability and goblet cells were found in the culture system. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that mucin- 5AC antibody labeled mainly in the goblet cells.The ciliated cells were differentiated well detected by electron microscope. At (30?1)℃,the basal ciliary beat frequency was (13.2?0.9) Hz. CONCLUSION The method may be useful in establishing a culture system for ciliated cells and the system will be suitable for the long-term studies of mucociliary transport system.

OBJECTIVE To establish a cell culture of human nasal epithelial cells on glass cover slides coated with rat tail collagen and explore a method to research human mucociliary system. METHODS The rat tail collagen and collagen coated cover slides were prepared for explant culture of human nasal epithelial cells. RESULTS The collagen on cover slides must be thin and ? at. It was about 1mm thick. The cultured epithelial cells were monolayer and polygonal cells. There was tight junction between the cells. Ciliary beat frequency of different cilia was equal on the same cell,and it was also equal of on cells from uncinate process and inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION This successful cell culture model of human nasal epithelail cell could be helpful to research the physiology and function of human nasal mucociliary system.

OBJECTIVE To explore the valuable information for studying human nasal mucociliary transport system by measuring the nasal ciliary beat frequency(CBF)in vitro.METHODS CBF of cultured human nasal epithelial cells was measured by highspeed digital microscopy in HBSS.RESULTS CBF of nasal epithelial cells from inferior turbinate and uncinate process of same patient has no significant difference in vitro(t=-0.087,P=0.931).CBF of normal mucosa and uncinate process from patients of sinusitis has no significant difference in vitro(t=0.419,P=0.678).CONCLUSION CBF of nasal mucosa of sinusitis can replace the CBF of normal nasal mucosa in vitro for for nasal ciliary movement studying.Because the mucosa of uncinate process is easier to obtain,it can replace the mucosa of inferior turbinate for cell culture in vitro.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the drug demand and related influencing factors of AIDS non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of subsequent intervention policies for MSM. Methods　With the assistance of social organizations in Wuhan, MSM was recruited by the snowball method to carry out an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and the need for nPEP medication. The χ2 test and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the demand for nPEP medication. Results　A total of 308 valid subjects were included in this study, with predominantly 18-29 years old (78.57%, 242/308). The self-reported sexual orientation was mainly homosexuality (82.47%, 254/308), and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was high (89.29%, 275/308). Among the survey respondents, 35.06% (108/308) did not know the situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Wuhan; 55.19% (170/308) had two or more same-sex sexual partners in the last six months; 90.91% (280/308) had heard of nPEP before participating in this survey. After passing nPEP and informing the protective effect of nPEP, 59.42% (183/308) of them needed nPEP. After HIV exposure, 73.38% (226/308) were willing to spend money to buy nPEP drugs, and 88.64% (273/308) were willing to take nPEP drugs because of the known side effects. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the last six months, the needs for taking nPEP medication in those who had 2 or more same-sex sexual partners (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.329-3.386) and who had received peer education (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.088-2.781) were higher than those of those who had a same-sex sexual partner in the last six months and who had not received peer education. Conclusions　The MSM population in Wuhan has a great demand for nPEP drugs, and peer education is an important way to carry out nPEP publicity and promotion. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen warning publicity and education and behavioral intervention to reduce MSM risky sexual behaviors and reduce new HIV infections.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 131I treatment for bone metastases from DTC and analyze the survival rates after 131I treatment and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and six DTC patients with bone metastases treated by 131I during January 1991 and January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on serum Tg change, bone pain palliation and changes on medical imaging. Univariate analysis was performed for defining the factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy. Survival curves were estimated using the life table method. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Results Serum Tg decreased dramatically in 37/106 (34.9%) patients treated with131I. Thirty-nine of 61 patients (63.9%) with bone pain had pain relief. Age, tumor subtype and presence of non-osseous distant metastases were significant factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy based on serum Tg change (χ2=6.443, 11.455, 6.756, all P<0.05), but had no significant effects on bone pain palliation (χ2=0, 0, 0.060, all P>0.05). There were no imaging changes of bone metastases in 77.4% of patients after 131I treatment. The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates from initial diagnosis of bone metastases was 86.47% and 57.90%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that number of metastases, presence of non-osseous distant metastases and pre-131I treatment surgery were significant factors for survival (Log-rank values were 4.05, 5.98, 4.22, all P<0.05). Conclusions 131I treatment for bone metastases from DTC is effective for lowering serum Tg and palliation of bone pain. Single metastasis, absence of non-osseous distant metastases and pre-131I therapy surgery are favorable predictors of prognosis.