Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis

To adapt to the new medical enviroment and aiming at the problems existing in clinical teaching,the author explores the value and feasibility of new cultivation mode and its concrete methods to make clininal educatinon play more inportont role in medical education and medical elite cultivation

BACKGROUND:There are usualy removable appliances and fixed appliances in the mouth of orthodontic patients, resulting in periodontitis. Because of its high security, good heat resistance, long action time, not easy to produce resistance and wide antimicrobial spectrum, inorganic antibacterial agents have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To review the application and research progress of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles about applications of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment published from January 2001 to December 2014 using the keywords of “orthodontic, antibacterial agent” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Inorganic nano-antibacterial materials for oral bacteria have good antibacterial properties, and are a kind of ideal biological material. Bracket enamel adhesive, removable appliance resin material and bracket can play correct and antibacterial roles by modification of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials, so as to reduce complications such as dental caries. However, the application of nano-antibacterial materials is stil in its infancy, the modified materials need to be studied further in terms of color problems, physical and chemical properties and biological security.

Objective:To assess the effects of intranasal cortisteroids application on IL-5 expression in nasal polyps.Methods:Nasal polyps from topical nasal steroid treated patients (n=16) and untreated patients (n=16) were investigated.The specimens were stained by ABC immunohistochemical approach.Results:Most of the IL-5 positive cells were eosinophils,and there was a significant correlation of the mean IL-5 positive cell numbers with total (chromotrope 2R-positive) eosinophil numbers (y=14.782+2.002x,r=0.648,P＜0.01).Compared with untreated polyps,the steroid-treated polyps contained a slightly lower tissue density of IL-5 positive cells,and the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Eosinophils are one of the origins of IL-5 synthesis.The treatment used here was insufficient to affect IL-5 expression in nasal polyps.

Objective To analysis the plague monitoring results on plague of rats in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Xilin Gol Plateau in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2013,to master the dynamics of the plague epidemic,and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures.Methods Plague monitoring data from 2001 to 2013 in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci were collected,main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index,bacteriology,serology and epidemic situation were studied.Results Within 13 years,10 153 Lasiopodomys brandti were captured overlapping a monitored area of 2 919.25 hm2,the average rat density was 3.48/hm2;other small rodents were captured 43 632 times,and 1 631 mice were captured,capture rate was 3.74％.Totally 22 752 host animals were checked by etiology,104 animals were infected with epidemic diseases,79 fleas of 31 groups positive fleas were checked from cultured 27 702 fleas of 6 437 groups.Totally 2 237 serum samples of Lasiopodomys brandti were checked using indirect hemagglutination (IHA),2 copies were found positive,the positive rate was 0.09％.Conclusion In Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Inner Mongolia,the plague bacteria infected host animals are still existed,future outbreak is possible;the monitoring and health education should be strengthened,in order to prevent the plague spreading to human being.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasible and effective means for the lower extremity deep ve nous thrombosis(DVT).Methods The clincal data of 211cases of l ower extremity DVT treated in recent 9 years were analysed retrospectively .Antegrade infusion of high -dose urokinase was performed via the dorsalis pedi s vein of the involved lower limb in 179 patients.Of the 179 patients vena cava filters(VCF) was placed in 29 patients,including Tempofilter II VCF in 5pa tients, VenaTech TM LP VCF in 24patients.Other 32 cases underwent embol ectomy after IVC filter placement(Tempofilter II was placed in 6patients, VenaT echTM LP was placed in 26patients). Results 146 patients were followed up for 3-108 months with averge 54months .A total of 61 IVC filters w ere successfully expanded ,but 1 Tempofilter II VCF was migrated to proximal end of IVC.Tempofilter II VCF was taked out 2-4 week after the IVC filt er placement . VenaTechTM LP occlusion in one case 14 months after the IVC fil ter placement.In thrombolytic group,87were cured,86 improved,6 ineffective. In operative group, 28were cured,3 improved,1 ineffective . The cured rate in op erative group was better than that in thrombolytic group(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoluminal treatment for Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) .Methods In 36 patients with BCS were treated by inferior vena cava(IVC) dilation and endoluminal stent placement guaded by ultrasonography, including self expanding mental Giaturco stent placement in 33 patients and pure dilation in 3 patients. Portosystemic shunts(PSSs) were followed in 13 patients with hepatic venous occlusion a week after the endoluminal treatment, including splenorenal(S R) shunts in 5 cases,and mesocaval (M C) shunts in 8 cases. Results After endoluminal procedures ,slight heart dysfunction appeared in 3 cases . After shunting ,acute pancreatitis occurred in 1 case, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred and finally resulted in death in another case on the 10th day after PSS.All the 36 patients were followed up for 1 month to 8 years. Restenosis of the distal part of stent was found in 1 case 2 years after the operation,hepatic vein occlusion occurred in 1 case 1 year after the treament, hepatoma occurred in 1case 3 years after the treatment,and 1 patient died of C type hepatitis a year later; and 2 cases with infertility had babies 1 year later. All patients had no stent migration or occlusion of shunts .Conclusions Endoluminal therapy guarding by ultrsonography is a convenient, safe and effective method for Budd Chiari syndrome. For patients with hepatic venous occlusions, a portosystemic shunt is recommended.The above mentioned methods provide a feasible and effective means for some kinds of Budd Chiari syndrome.

Objective　To obtain genetic characterization of the HA1 of new isolates of influenza A （H1N1） virus. Methods　Virus was amplified in embryonated chicken eggs， the virion DNA was transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcriptase， cDNA amplified by PCR， the products of PCR were purified. Afterward， DNA sequence analysis was performed by the dideoxy-mediated chain termination method， using synthetic oligo nucleotide primers. Results　The HA1 domain of new isolates of influenza A （H1N1） virus showed that their HA1 genes were 981 nucleotide in length coding for a HA1 protein with 327 amino acids， deletion of a glycosylation site and an amino acid. The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of new influenza A virus when compared with A／Guifang／10／94（H1N1） and A／Bayern ／07／95 （H1N1） viruses，was 92.8％ and 91.3％ respectively； The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of A／Jingjun／11／98（H1N1） when compared with A／Jingjun／13／98（H1N1） or A／Jingjun／807／97（H1N1） viruses，was as high as 98％； The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of A／Guifang／10／94（H1N1） when compared with A／Bayern／07／95（H1N1） viruses was as high as 96％. Conclusions　The HA1 gene of　new H1N1 virus strains is　different from those of A／Guifang／10／94 （H1N1） and A／Bayern／07／95（H1N1）， they will probably be new mutation strains.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of resection of frontal ethmoid sinus osteomas with nasal endosco-py. Method: Eighteen cases of frontal ethmoid sinus osteoma from 2005 to 2008 were enrolled in our study, including 8 cases of frontal sinus osteomas, 6 cases of ethmoid osteomas and 4 cases of frontal sinus osteomas extending to ethmoid sinus. Seventeen cases were treated by an endoscopic approach alone, and one case treated by a combined endoscopic and an external approach. Result: All cases were resected completely without complications. The preoperative symptoms disappeared without recurrence within the follow-up periods , ranging from 6 months to 3 years. Conclusion: Most frontal ethmoid sinus osteomas can be resected with nasal endoscopy aided by extra nasal incision in some cases.

Objective To establish human choriocarcinoma JeG-3 cell line resistant to floxuridine (FUDR)and describe the characteristics of this FUDR-resistant subline.The thymidylate synthase (TS) expression level in FUDR-resistant subline was also discussed.Methods The FUDR-resistant sub-line JeG-3/FUDRA was established by intermitted exposure to grads increased FUDR.Reversed microscope was used to observe the morphological changes in FUDR-resistant sub-line.Population doubling time was calculated and compared based on the growth curve of these two cell lines,cell cycles and chromosomal ploidy were assayed with flow cytometry methods.The chemo-luminescence assay was used to detect the hormone secretion by two kinds of cell lines.The resistant index (RI) was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)assay.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of TS and we also detected the TS mRNA expression level in different doses exposed subline.Results The RI of JeG-3/FUDRA was 31.62.Compared with the JeG-3 cell,the FUDR-resistant cell line had gross changes in morphological,cell growth,cell cycles and chromosomal numbers.The ability of human chorionic gonadotrop(hCG) and progesterone secretion was lower in JeG-3/FUDRA subline.The trend of TS mRNA expression was:while exposed to low concentration of FUDR,the TS mRNA expression level was downregulated,then followed the increasing dose of the drug,the expression level of TS mRNA ascended gradually.When the terminal concentration was reached,the expression level of TS mRNA in JeG-3/FUDRA subline was higher than that of JeG-3 cell line (P＜0.05).Conclusions We established the FUDR-resistant subline of JeG-3 successfully.The TS mRNA expression level is stage-related to the different concentration and different phase in FUDR exposure.Our data suggested that TS mRNA expression level may not be used as a biomarker to predict the chemosensitivity in FUDR-based chemotherapy.