Objective To investigate gallic acid-derived chemical constituents of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill., and evaluate their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities. Methods The aimed chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic means, and their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectroscopic data. MTT method was employed to evaluate anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia activities. Antibacterial activities were tested by paper disc method. Results Seven compounds 1-7 were isolated from the stem barks of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill. and identified as gallic acid(1), gallic acid ethyl ether(2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(3), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(4), 1,4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(5), 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(6), and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(7). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-6 significantly inhibited K562 cells with the IC50 values of 2.9, 14.6, 39.1, 40.2, 41.2 μg/ml, respectively, and 3 and 7 also showed a slight inhibition of the K562 cells with the inhibition rate of 20.8% and 30.1% at 100 μg/ml respectively. Compounds 1-7 showed protective effects on anoxia-induced injury in cultured ECV304 and PC12 cells at the concentrations showing no significant cytotoxicity, and 5-7 also showed an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 to a certain extent. Conclusion Compounds 2-7 were isolated from the genus Choerospondias for the first time. It was the first time to report 1-7 as anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia constituents of Choerospondias axillaries, and the anti-hypoxia activity for 1-7 was also recorded for the first time in the present study.

OBJECTIVE To present the modified intranasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (MIEDCR) and the clinical results. To discuss the modified operative technique and its purpose. METHODS A total of 31 cases (35 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis who underwent MIEDCR were included in this study. There were 27 female and 4 male. The age was ranged from 9 to 70 years (mean 31 years). The preoperative dacryocystography was taken in all cases. The follow up time was 6 to 20 months. RESULTS Among the 31 cases with chronic dacyocystitis, 4 patients suffered bilateral chronic dacyocystitis. Dacryocystitis related to nasal endoscopic surgery was found in 2 cases (2 eyes). Four cases (5 eyes) had prior laser lacrimal duct surgery. Two patients had external dacrypcystorhinotomy experience. 34 MIEDCR procedures (97.1 %) were successful. Twenty eight patients (32 eyes) were free of their symptoms and kept stoma patency. The shift of mucosal flap was found in one case when Merocel was removed. The rhinostomy of another 2 cases were closed due to mucosal scar and one of them received revision surgery. There were no operative complications. CONCLUSION The preserved nasal mucosal flap which was replaced over the denuded bone would avoid scar formation and hyperostosis and is benefit to gain a satisfied and good clinical effects of dacryocystorhinostomy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate apoptosis-inducing effect and its mechanisms of HY-1, a carbazole alkaloid, on human erythroleukemia K562 cells.

METHODSCell proliferation was detected by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay after treated with HY-1 at indicated doses. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, mitochondria membrane voltage change was assessed by rhodamine 123 staining, annexin V-PI apoptosis detecting kit and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify apoptosis-inducing effect of HY-1. The alterations of apoptosis-relating proteins were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSThe IC(50) of HY-1 in K562 cells was (29.05 +/- 0.90) micromol/L by SRB assay. HY-1 had significant apoptotic inducing effect on K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as verified by appearance of Sub-G(1) peak on histogram of flow cytometry analysis, reduction of mitochondria membrane voltage, appearance of double positive cell group in Annexin V-PI apoptosis detecting test, and remarkable DNA ladder. The expression of cytosolic cytochrome c was apparently increased. Pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-3 and PARP were all cleaved to active segments. There was no change in the expression of caspase-8.

CONCLUSIONHY-1 exerts its anticancer activity through triggering apoptosis of K562 cells by mitochondria-activating pathways.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carbazoles ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Rutaceae ; chemistry

Objective The goal of this report was to evaluate the applicability of the da Vinci S surgical system in thoracic surgery.Methods The da Vinci S surgical system consists of a console, a patient cart, and a vision system.The patient cart loading with 3 robot arms and 1 central endoscope arm connects the console which commands the movements of the arm tips.The robot arm tips are introduced via small chest wall ports and attached to the arms of the robot.The surgeon, sitting at the console, manipulates highly sensitive sensors that transfer the surgeon's movements to the arm tips.The so called EndoWrist'technology offers up , down, left, right, and twist, seven degrees of movements, thus exceeding the capacity of a surgeon's hand in open surgery.17 intrathoracic lesion cases, including 12 Myasthenia Gravis, 1 diaphragm hernia, 2 esophageal cancer, 1 pulmonary cancer , 1 pneumothorax, were evaluated for clinical application of the da Vinci S surgical system.Results Out of 17 surgical procedures, 14 procedures were done using the robot from beginning to the end, including 12 thymectomies, 1 diaphragm hernia repair, 1 pulmonary bleb dissection.Only gastric mobilizations, the abdominal part procedures were done using the da Vinci S system, and the thoracic part procedures were done through small incision thoracotomy in 2 cases with esophageal cancer.One resection of left upper lobectomy had to be converted due to surgical problem.The postoperative courses were uneventful.Conclusion The da Vinci operating robot can do nearly all kinds of thoracic operations.Advanced general thoracic procedures can be performed safely and effectively with the da Vinci S robot allowing precise dissection.This benefit becomes evident most elegantly in thymectomies.The robot operation procedures can be done by the doctors with open and assisted thoracopic surgery experiences and other personnels getting trained in a short period of time, but case selection and preparing emergency thoracotomy at any time is needed to ensure the patient safety.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo compare the aerodynamic differences before and after nasal cavity ventilation expansion techniques in patients with OSAHS. METHODSA total of 30 adult patients with OSAHS were included in this study. Pre-operative upper airway CT of each subject was acquired. Each subject underwent surgery. Postoperative upper airway CT was obtained at least 3 months later. By means of CFD simulation method, numerical simulation was performed to calculate the airflow dynamic indexes of the upper airway. The pre-and post-operative aerodynamic characteristics were compared. RESULTSAfter operation, post-operative negative pressure nephogram of the nasal cavity indicated more smooth variation of pressure gradient, post-operative velocity nephogram of nasal cavity indicated slower airflow velocity. Proper values of flow field indicated the volume of nasal cavity increased significantly (t=4.025,P<0.01), the total nasal airway resistance decreased significantly (t=-2.065,P<0.01). The total negative pressure of the upper airway decreased significantly (t=-2.659,P<0.01) after operation. However, the proper values of flow field increased in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONNasal cavity ventilation expansion effectively increase the volumes of nasal cavity, improve the nasal ventilation, and reduce the air flow velocity of both nasal cavity and pharynx in OSAHS patients, those reduce the pharyngeal negative pressure and the pharyngeal collapse. However, for patients with its narrowest segment at the velopharyngeal level, operation cannot do anything or even aggravate the pharyngeal collapse. Operation should be performed individually.

?AlM: To investigate the outcome and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment in uncontrolled primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) .
? METHODS: Twenty - two eyes in 22 children with uncontrolled PCG were reviewed retrospectively and underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment from January 2011 to December 2014. Main checking index included intraocular pressure ( lOP ) before and after operation, corneal diameter and complications.
?RESULTS: Preoperative mean age was 3. 74±2. 24y, and 2. 59 ± 1. 78y apart from the last operation. Postoperative average lOP was 35. 22 ± 6. 36mmHg. Average corneal diameter was 12. 79 ± 0. 75mm. Mitomycin C ( 0. 3 - 0. 5mg/mL ) was used in all operations for 3-5min. Glaucoma valves were implanted in the temporal or nose above the equator sclera. Postoperative lOP was 11. 4±4. 45mmHg at 1wk, and 16. 73± 7. 23mmHg after 12mo. As lOP< 21mmHg for success criteria, lOP of 16 eyes ( 73%) were controlled after 12mo. Preoperative 6 cases had shallow anterior chamber, recovered spontaneously. No serious complication was recorded, such as rejection of glaucoma valve, endoophthalmitis and corneal decompensation.
?CONCLUSlON:Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in uncontrolled PCG is a safe and viable treatment.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using nanocomposite probes composed of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles(FMCNPs) and single chain Fv(ScFv) antibody specific for gama-seminoprotein.Methods:The nanocomposite probes(FMCNPs-ScFv) were prepared by conjugating fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles with singlegama-chain Fv antibody specific gama-seminoprotein,and were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy,fluorescent spectrum and magnetic spectrum.Nanocomposite probes were incubated with prostate cancer LNCaP cells,and the targeting results of nanocomposite probes were observed by fluorescent microscopy.The cytotoxicity effect of the nanocomposite probes was measured by MTT.Nude mice models of prostate cancer were established and identified by immunohistochemistry method.The nanocomposite probes were injected into nude mice via tail vein.The distribution of nanocomposite probes in the nude mice was observed by Micro-animal imaging system,targeted imaging of the prostate cancer was observed by MR instrument.The nude mice with prostate cancer were irradiated with 100 W magnetic field for 30 min,and the changes of tumor sizes were observed.Results:The FMCNPs-ScFv nanocomposite probes were successfully prepared.Nanocomposite probes entered into the cytoplasm of cancer cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity effect.Nude mice model with prostate cancer were successfully fabricated;the nanocomposite probes distributed quickly in the main organs of mice,and gradually concentrated on the tumor tissues within 24 h.MR images showed that the tumor images were gradually enhanced from 6 h to 24 h after injection of the nanocomposite probe.Four days after magnetic irradiation,the tumors in the nude mice grew slower compared with the control nude mice(P

Objective To investigate the genotype distribution of thalassemia intermedia , major and compound thalassemia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2012 to 2015. Methods Retrospectively 1 084 suspected thalassemia cases were analyzed in recent four years .Three common deletions of αglobin chain were detected by GAP-PCR.Three common point mutations of αglobin chain and seventeen common mutations of βglobin chain were identified by PCR reverse dot blot hybridization . Hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out by Capillary Electrophoresis System .RBC associated parameters and morphology were analyzed by hematology analyzer and blood smear .Results 702 cases were confirmed to be thalassemia, and the positive rate was 64.76% (702 /1084).19 types of gene defects were detected. There were 4 types of gene defects in 23 case with α-thalassemia intermeida, including -α3.7 /--SEA , -α4.2 /--SEA , αCSα/--SEA and αQSα/--SEA , -α3.7 /--SEA to be the most common genotype (18 cases) .3 cases with β-thalassemia intermeida were confirmed and the genotypes were βCD 17(A→T) /β-29(A→G) , β-28(A→G) /β-28(A→G) andβIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βCD17(A→T) , respectively.There were also 1 βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βCD17(A→T) thalassemia major case. The genotypes of 2 HbE/β-thalassemia cases were βCD41 -42(-TTCT) /βE and βCD17(A→T) /βE.5 αβ-thalassemia including 2 βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βA compounded with αα/-α3.7 , 1βIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βA compounded with --SEA /αCSα, 1βCD17(A→T) /βA compounded with -α4.2 /ααand 1βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βA compounded with αCS α/αα.Rare and untypical haematological results were found , such as normal level HbA 2 and undetectable HbH, in compound heterozygosity with --SEA /αCS α and βIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βA. Conclusions The genotypes of thalassemia intermedia, major and compound thalassemia in Peking Union Medical College were highly variable .

BACKGROUNDAs a novel molecular markerof non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing protein 14 (PRDM14) is over-expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues. Extracellular matrix degradation mediated by the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is one of the most important mechanism in lung cancer metastasis. This study aimed to determine if PRDM14 promoted the migration of NSCLC cells through extracellular matrix degradation mediated by change of MMP/TIMP expression.

METHODSThe expression of PRDM14 was down-regulated in human cell line A 549 after transfection with lentiviral vector-mediated short-hairpin ribonucleic acids (shRNAs) which targeted the PRDM14 promoter. Cellular migration of shRNA-infected cells was detected by a scratch wound healing assay and transwell cell migration assay. Expression levels of MMP1, MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSMigration of PRDM14-shRNA-infected cells was significantly inhibited relative to control cells as measured by the scratch wound healing (P < 0.05) and transwell cell migration assays (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP1 in A549 cells infected by PRDM14-shRNA was down-regulated significantly (P < 0.01), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and TIMP2 was up-regulated significantly (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPRDM14 accelerates A549 cells migration in vitro through extracellular matrix degradation. PRDM14 is considered as a potential therapeutic target in metastatic NSCLC.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; genetics ; physiology ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the frequency of telomerase gene (TERC and TERT) mutation in Northern Chinese patients with acquired bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS).

METHODSDNA extracted from blood samples of 90 patients with BMFS (including AA, MDS, and PNH) and 45 normal controls from 4 northern hospitals was collected. TERC and TERT mutation analysis was performed by PCR.

RESULTSTwo TERC mutations (n37 A-->G, and n66 G-->C) and two TERT mutations \[n1870 G-->T (E/*)\]; and \[n1780 G-->T (S/I)\] were identified in 90 BMFS patients. Among them, 3 mutations were reported for the first time. One patient with TERT mutation, however, was finally diagnosed as DKC instead of acquired AA, making the incidence of telomerase gene mutation in northern Chinese people with acquired BMFS 3.4%, similar to that of the western country people.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of telomerase gene mutation in northern Chinese people with acquired bone marrow failure syndromes is 3.4%, similar to that of the western country people.

DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA ; genetics ; Syndrome ; Telomerase ; metabolism