Objectives To examine clinical characteristics,predisposing factors,treatment and care of depression and/or anxiety symptoms in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 1 005 hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 was conducted and psychological assessment for all patients was carried out using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.The incidence of depression and anxiety and predisposing factors were investigated.The effectiveness of psychological intervention in addition to cardiovascular medications was evaluated.Results The overall incidence of depression and anxiety was 23.4％ (235 cases) among the 1 005 hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases.Of the 235 cases,73 cases(31.1％) had anxiety,33 cases had depression (14.0％),and 129 cases had both anxiety and depression (54.9％).The occurrence of anxiety was significantly higher than that of depression(P＜0.05).Risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular diseases included work-related fatigue,working conditions and health status.The rate of effectiveness of psychological intervention was 95.4％,and no serious adverse events were observed.Conclusions Depression and anxiety are common in hospitalized cardiovascular patients and can be attributed to factors such as work-related fatigue,working conditions and health status.Favorable clinical outcomes can be achieved through psychological interventions,in addition to cardiovascular drug therapy.

Background Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for AIDS,but it cannot completely eliminate the viral load in the body for the existence of HIV reservoir.Previous studies demonstrated that HIV could be detected in tears of virus load negative AIDS patients who received effective HAART,suggesting that lacrimal gland is another member of HIV reservoirs.Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether lacrimal gland has a molecular basis of HIV infection and the mechanism of lacrimal gland infection of HIV.Methods Fourteen specimens of lacrimal gland were collected during the surgery from 14 patients with lacrimal gland diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2013 to December 2015,including 13 non-HIV-infected patients and 1 HIV-infected patient.In 13 non-HIV infected patients,lacrimal glands prolapse was in 12 patients with the normal pathological tissue structure and dacryoadenitis was in 1 patient with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The clinical manifestation of HIV-infected patient was dacryoadenitis with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The paraffin sections of 12 non-HIV-infected specimens and 1 HIV-infected specimen were prepared,and the expressions of CD4,C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in lacrimal gland specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry and verified in 1 specimen of non-HIV-infected specimen by immunofluorescence technology.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that CD4 was suspiciously positive expression in non-HIV-infected specimens with the strong background staining.CXCR4 was positively expressed in cytoplasm and nuclei of most lacrimal epithelial cells of lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen,and CCR5 was focally expressed in few lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen.In addition,CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were positively expressed in intercellular scattered lymphocytes on the specimens.Immunofluorescence assay showed that CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were expressed in the specimens with the red fluorescence,with the linear-and patchy-like distribution mainly in cellular membrane for CD4 or spot-like distribution for CXCR4 and CCR5 in the cytoplasm.Conclusions HIV receptor CD4 and accessory receptor CXCR4,CCR5 are positively expressed in the lacrimal gland epithelial cells,which is the molecular basis of HIV infection and become a potential HIV reservoir preventing HIV eradication.

OBJECTIVE:To realize the current situation of patient's compliance with medication in Tibetan and to evaluate the methods of increasing patient's compliance METHODS:Questionnaire inquisition was adopted in 188 Tibetan patients to investigate the type of diseases,situation of medication and condition of compliance RESULTS:The compliance with medication was related with the type of diseases,patient's educational background and knowledge about diseases It was a good way to raise the patient's compliance that the patient's recognition of diseases and pharmacotherapy should be improved and communication between doctor and patient and guidance on drug use should be enhanced CONCLUSION:Aiming at patients in different ages,the subject matter of medication consultation service should not be the same

BACKGROUND: Visual-motor integration (VMI) test was introduced into China in the 1970s and 1990s and widely used for evaluation and identification of problems in intellectual development and learning ability in children due to its good applicability without limitations by language and cultural background.OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of developmental test of VMI in children with hearing handicap, and evaluate its practical feasibility in largescale screening of intelligence problems in these children by comparing its reliability and validity with the norms of children in Shaanxi Province and the USA.DESIGN: A controlled correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis with randomized cluster sampling.SETTING: Neurological Department of the First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi' an Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: From January 1998 to December 2000, 638 children under 18 years of age with hearing handicaps were chosen from 6 schools of deaf-mutes in Xi'an City, Xianyang City, Chang'an County, Huxian County,and Lintong County in Shaanxi Province. Another 43 children with hearing handicap including 23 male and 20 female children aged (11.62±1.98) years were selected randomly for EEG and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) examination, who had a mean development quotient of VMI of 86.60±15.68. The children were divided by the development quotient into two groups, namely those with development quotient ＜ 86.6 (n=20) and those with development quotient ≥ 86.6 (n=23). METHODS: ① The VMI test was performed in accordance with the Fourth edition of VMI Manual by Beery K.E. The test was terminated when the testee failed to correctly copy three consecutive geometrical figures without time limit. The scale score varied from 0 to 27. ② The reliability test included split-half reliability test in which the items were split into two parts according to odd-even number, re-test reliability that tested the same group of children again in two months and inter-examiner reliability in which two examiners were asked to grade the same test paper.③ The validity test included structural and correlation validity test. Three well-revised and already established norms of scales in China, including Hiskey- Nebraska test of learning aptitude (H-NTLA), performance scale of Wechsler intelligent scale for children (PS-WISC) and Combined Raven's test (CRT), have been chosen as the structure validity criteria. The performance IQ of PS-WISC, learning quotient of H-NTLA, percentile rank of CRT and standard score of VMI were taken respectively for each test in this study.Academic achievements and teachers' and parent's rating were used as the validity correlation criteria. During the administration procedure, a card describing the requirements in detail were presented to the deaf children with reading capacity, while for those too young to read, the teacher was asked to help translate the requirements using standard sign language, but no any hints or clues in relation with the test contents were given. ④ The test did not start until the subjects fully understood the requirement (7314/F/W DYD-300A).EEG recording was performed with the leads deposited according to the international standard 10/20 lead system. Routine EEG had been recorded at least 30 minutes for visual assessment, and stable and representative waves for 120 seconds free of biases or inferences were recorded using unipolar lead from the subjects at rest with the eyes closed and stored in computer.Experienced EEG experts were asked to select the most representative waves of 20 seconds in a double-blind manner to compute the absolute power spectrum of the brain wave.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reliability and validity of VMI test,relationship between VMI ability and cerebral electrophysiological changes.RESULTS: Totally 638 children under 18 years old with hearing handicap were involved, of whom 72 were eliminated because of lack of data, congenital disease or central nervous system diseases. Finally 566 cases were available for analysis, including 346 male and 220 female children with an average age of (12±3) years. ① The reliability of VMI reached an average of 0.92, varying from 0.63 to 0.99 in each group. The equivalent age corresponding to the scores of the VMI test norm established for the 566 healthy deaf children was lower by an average of (1.79±0.9) years than the equivalent age in the norms of the normal children in Shaanxi Province delayed and USA. ② The standard score of VMI test showed the highest correlation coefficient of 0.661 0 with the learning quotient of H-NTLA, while the correlation with PS-WISC and CRT were 0.357 6 and 0.517 4, respectively.③ Children with higher VMI score showed more powerful absolute spectrum among frequency rangesδ,θ,αl and total power spectrum in the central, parietal and occipital regions of the left hemisphere, respectively.CONCLUSION: VMI test can efficiently reflect the development status of visual-motor integration or intelligence of the school-age deaf children and represent the level of central EEG activity.

Objective To investigate skin manifestations and comorbidities of chronic arsenicosis due to conta?minated drinking water, and to explore their possible risk factors. Methods Data about demographic characteristics, skin manifestations and comorbidities were collected from 95 patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water in Inner Mongolia, and retrospectively analyzed. A logistic regression model was established to analyze associations of skin manifestations and comorbidities with patients′ gender, age, age at onset of drinking of arsenic?contaminated water, arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure. Results Among the 95 patients, 77 had hyperpigmentation, 75 hypopigmentation, 93 palmoplantar keratoderma, 27 skin cancer, and 8 multiple skin cancer. Five patients were complicated by tuberculosis, 15 by hypertension, 2 by rheumatoid arthritis, 4 by cerebral infarction, 7 by coronary heart diseases, 3 by internal malignancy, 6 by hepatic cirrhosis and 2 by anemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between hyperpigmentation and arsenic concentrations in water(OR=0.32, 95%CI=0.10-0.98;ORadjusted=0.27, 95%CI=0.08-0.90), between occurrence of hepatic cirrhosis and arsenic concentrations in water (OR=24.67, 95%CI=2.69-226.57;ORadjusted=22.51, 95%CI=2.38-213.11), and between occurrence of coronary heart diseases and duration of arsenic exposure(OR=6.41, 95%CI=1.09-37.88;ORadjusted=8.55, 95%CI=1.21-60.41). Conclusions There is a high incidence of aberrant pigment metabolism, palmoplantar keratoderma and skin cancer in patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water. Different arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure seem to have different influences on the human body.

BACKGROUND: Current numerous studies have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been extensively applied due to their good anti-bacterial performances. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the overseas and domestic research and development of anti-bacterial silver coating based on the anti-bacterial mechanism and bio-safety of silver nanoparticles as wel as progression of anti-bacterial silver coating. METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI for relative articles published from January 1976 to January 2015. The keywords were “silver nanoparticles, titanium al oy, implant, antibacterial properties, biosecurity, coating” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of their smal dimension and quantum effects, as wel as great specific surface area, silver nanoparticles can be in close contact with pathogenic microorganisms to exert biological effects. Additional y, silver nanoparticles exhibit the excellent resistance to bacteria, fungi, viruses and cancer cel s. However, most of their mechanisms of biological effects remain unclear, and there are unresolved problems about the slow-release time of silver nanoparticles in vivo and how to control the slow-release silver ions. Besides, there are fewer long-term animal experiments. Therefore, a large number of laboratory and clinical studies are needed to ensure that silver nanoparticles cannot cause adverse reactions during long-term administration and how to reduce their toxicity.

Objective To evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer for analyzing atypical lymphocytes ,baso-philic granulocytes and their abnormalities warnings .Methods A total of 197 specimens with both atypical lymphocytes and baso-philic granulocytes warnings and 914 specimens with single warning of atypical lymphocytes indicated by Sysmex-5000 blood cell analyzer were collected and inspected by microscope simultaneously .Results Using microscopic examination as a standard ,baso-philic granulocytes within the normal range ,the coincidence rate of samples with both atypical lymphocytes and basophilic granulo-cytes warnings was 64 .9% ,while the coincidence rate of samples with single warning of atypical lymphocytes was 72 .5% .The for-mer was significantly lower than the latter(P<0 .05) .Conclusion When Sysmex XE-5000 indicates atypical lymphocytes and baso-philic granulocytes simultaneously ,there is interference between each other .It should be combined with microscopic examination in order to reduce the probability of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis .

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 four serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer diagnosis, surgery and postoperative evaluation of their. Methods Immunohistochemical assay was used in 80 patients with colorectal cancer and 50 cases of colorectal benign diseases to detect the CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 and other four serum tumor markers, with 2-year follow- up. ResultsFour kinds of serum tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 levels in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher than the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; levels of the four serum tumor markers in patients in Dukes stages C, D were significantly higher than those in Dukes stages A, B;four serum tumor markers were significantly increased in patients with recurrence of metastasis. Conclusion Combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 has clinical value in diagnosis, surgical treatment evaluation and monitoring of metastasis and recurrence after surgery of colorectal cancer can improve detection sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To probe a simple, safe, and minimally invnsive method to treat ectopic pregnancy with preservation of the organs. Methods Superselective catheterization of uterine artery through cannulation of right femoral artery was achieved in 56 patients with ectopic pregnancy. Location of the lesions involved, feeding arteries, and active bleeding were observed on angiography. 150 mg of methylamine neopterin diluted in 100 ml of saline water was infused slowly into the target artery. Small gelatin spongy particles with size of 0.5 mm in diameter were used to embelize the uterine artery until its branches were totally obliterated. Follow-up was undertaken to observe the results of the treatment. Results Suporselective uterine arterial infusion and embolization were successfully performed in all 56 patients without any related complications. Active bleeding in the peritoneum in 33 cases ceased soon after embolization. The embryos in 13 patients were confirmed to have died by ultrasound two days after the procedure. Beta-HCG value dropped to below 5 U/L within two to twelve days. Hemorrhage in the peritoneum dissolved after seven days in all cases. Mixed mass disappeared after one month. Histerosalpingography was performed three months after the procedure in 19 patients and patent fallopians were demonstrated in 11 patients. Conclusions Superselective uterine arterial infusion and embolization is a minimally invasive procedure, which can be used to effectively treat ectopic pregnancy by disabling the ectopic embryo and embelizing leaking arteries with the advantages of preserving the fallopian tubes.

Objective To propose a new blood purification modality-hemodialysis with plasma- based dialysate (HD-PBD) plus high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) for patients with liver failure, and to evaluate the effect of this treatment on plasma cytokines.Methods Twelve patients with liver failure were included in this study.All patients received HD-PBD therapy in the first 6 hours,and then were treated with HVHF for 24 hours with the same filter (AV600).The levels of TNF-?,IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma before and after HD-PBD plus HVHF for 6 and 24 hours were examined respectively by ELISA,and changes of clinical parameters were observed at the same time point. Serum bilirubin,total bile acids (TBA),serum ammonia,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected before and after treatment.Arterial blood gas analysis and the concentration of electrolytes were monitored before and after treatment.Results (1)HD-PBD for 6 hours was more effective than HVHF for 24 hours in removal of serum bilirubin and TBA(P＜0.05). (2)Serum ammonia,BUN,Ser,arterial blood HCO_3~-,PCO_2,PO_2 and electrolytes did not show significant difference before and after HD-PBD (P＞0.05),but these parameters significantly changed before and after HVHF (P＜0.05).(3)The average level of serum bilirubin was sharply decreased after HVHF for 24 h following HD-PBD(P＜0.05).(4)After HD-PBD plus HVHF,there was a marked reduction of the plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusions HD-PBD plus HVHF,a newly proposed modality for patients with liver failure,can effectively decrease serum bilirubin,TBA,BUN,Scr,ammonia and cytokines,and adjust water-electrolyte as well as acid- alkali balance.It is a low-cost,safe,simple and convenient therapy.