We sought to determine the efficacy of ramosetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during emergency cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia with strict controls of causative factors.A total of 206 parturients participated in a randomized,single-blind and placebo-controlled trial.They received an intravenous injection of either ramosetron 0.3 mg or normal saline immediately after cord clamping.The primary outcome was the presence of postdelivery nausea and vomiting.Secondary outcomes included the need for rescue antiemetic,hypotension,pain and adverse effects.The incidence of postdelivery nausea and vomiting was 10.7％ in the ramosetron group vs.28.2％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of intraoperative hypotension and postdelivery was similar in both groups.The incidence of postdelivery pain and the requirement for rescue antiemetic were similar in both groups.Ramosetron 0.3 mg is effective in the prevention of postdelivery nausea and vomiting during cesarean delivery.

Objective To evaluate the status of the influence factors of foundational course teachers' academic profession development in medical college.Methods The survey includes academic promotion and academic innovation.In aspect of academic innovation,a total of 68 foundational course teachers in medical college were selected.The subjects were tested by scale of exterior influencing factors on innovative behavior,the assessment scale of innovative behavior and the organizational innovation climate scale,the scientific spirit scale of the scientific and technological talents.The impact of demographic characteristics on academic promotion was also tested.Results In aspect of academic promotion,teachers with different department and education showed statistically significant difference in titles(P＜0.05).The age of teachers' promoted to professor is 40-50 years old,vice professor is 30-40 years old.Generally,it takes 6-10 years to promote to senior titles,and it takes less time for doctors.In aspect of academic innovation,scale was used in 5 points,the lowest 1 point,the highest 5 point.The mean score of the scale of exterior influencing factors on innovative behavior is mission design3.28 ±0.96,innovation investment 2.53±0.74,innovation environment 3.10±0.65.The mean score of the assessment scale of innovative behavior and the organizational innovation climate scale is organization target cognition 3.10 ± 0.74,colleagues relationship 3.44±0.82,team innovation motivation 3.34±0.83.The mean score of the scientific spirit scale of the scientific and technological talents in spiritual science dimension is 3.40±0.67 points.The projects with low scores are distributed in three dimensions of innovation investment,innovation environment and organization target cognition.Conclusions Teachers' academic promotion is related to the department and education.In aspect of academic innovation,teachers' self-evaluation of scientific spirit is higher,the evaluation of the mission design,colleagues relationship,team innovation motivation is also higher,the evaluation of the innovation environment,organization target cognition,innovation investment is lower.Material resources,research cooperation and so on especially should be improved.

Cancer stem cell (CSC) theory supposes that CSCs are the origin of tumors occurrence, progression,drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Cancer is not only a genetic disease but also a stem cell disease. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of CSCs in some solid tumors.

Objective:To investigate the effect of TGF-? on the expression of type Ⅰ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor in WB rat liver epithelial cells.Methods:The expression of type Ⅰ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR in WB rat liver epithelial cells in vitro stimulating with TGF-?.Results:The expression level of type Ⅰ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor protein and mRNA in WB rat liver epithelial cells were both increased after stimulating with TGF-? in several time points and reached the highest at 8 h stimulated, and then decreased.Conclusion:TGF-? enhance the IP_3R1 protein and mRNA expression in WB rat liver epithelial cells.

Purpose: To study the clinical application of intensity modulation radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: From May 2000 to June 2001, 14 patients with prostate carcinoma were treated . 12 patients underwent orchiectomy before IMRT. All patients were treated by IMRT with PEACOCK-MIMiC system ( CORVUS 3. 0 NOMOS CORPORATION) and VARIAN 6MV-photons. The prescription dose-time- fraction was 2.5 to 3. 0 Gy per fraction, 5 times per week , the total was 25 to 30 fractions, the total IMRT dose was 72 to 77 Gy, 5 to 6 weeks. Results: 3 months after IMRT , PR: 10(71.4%), NC: 4 cases and 6 month after IMRT CR: 6,PR: 8 cases. The overall response( CR + PR) rate were 100% . No Grade Ⅲ ,Ⅳ gastrointestinal ( GI) and genitourinary ( GU) toxicity occurred in any of the patients. Conclusions: IMRT is an effective approach for patients with prostate carcinoma. The dose of 72 to 77 Gy was safe.

目的探讨心理支持对焦虑症患者康复的影响。方法60例焦虑症患者随机分为研究组和治疗组各30例,研究组接受药物和心理支持治疗,对照组采用单纯药物治疗,评定两组患者的疗效。结果治疗后,两组患者的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAS)评分均明显降低,但研究组的降低幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.01～0.001)。结论心理支持对焦虑症患者的康复有明显的促进作用,近期疗效明显。

BACKGROUND: Stem cells are relatively primitive cells possessing the capabilities of self-renewal, high proliferation and multi-potential differentiation in vivo under certain conditions. Pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may serve therapeutic purpose clinically, but they are still difficult to culture in vitro at present.OBJECTIVE: To explore the method for isolation, purification and culture of pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood MSCs in vitro and observe their morphological changes during culture in vitro.DESIGN: Completely randomized experiment with repeated measurement.SETTING: Stem Cell Research Center, Teaching and Research Division of Physiology, Medical School of Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Stem Cell Research Center, Teaching and Research Division of Physiology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, between April 2004 and January 2005. Ten to fifteen newborn SD rats (1-3 days) were selected for culture in vitro of pancreatic stem cells, and fresh umbilical cord blood was collected from healthy woman (24-35 years old, with informed consent) at full-term delivery for culture in vitro of umbilical blood SMCs.METHODS: The abdomen of the newborn SD rat was opened under aseptic condition to obtain the pancreas, which was cut into small tissue blocks and digested with type-V collagenase for islet isolation. The isolated islets were purified in continuous roller-bottle culture. Umbilical cord blood was freshly collected for isolating the monocytes by means of density gradient centrifugation in lymphocyte separation medium (with density of 1.077 g/cm3). The islet cells and umbilical cord blood monocytes were cultured in the incubator at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2. The morphological changes of the cells were observed at designed time points and flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of cell surface molecules.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The isolation and culture of pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood MSCs, and their morphological changes during culture in vitro.RESULTS: During culture in vitro, the fusiform islet progenitor cells showed adherent polar growth and continuous proliferation, which covered the whole bottom of the flask after 12-14 days and could be subcultured for passages. However round cells appeared after removal of the growth factor and serum in the culture medium. The monocytes isolated from the umbilical cord blood grew initially into numerous hematopoietic cell clones, most of which proved to be granulocyte clones by Switzerland staining. Seven days later, flat flask wall-adhering epithelial cells and long fusiform fibroblasts were observed mixed with a number of osteoclasts. As the cell culture was prolonged, the cell number increased steadily.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood SMCs can be cultured in vitro for further experiments.

BACKGROUND:The authors' experiments of the earlier stage proved that the hypocrellin B photodynamic therapy(HB-PDT) can cause selective injuries to choriocapillaries. It is not known whether changing the therapeutic parameters would gain a different result regarding the choriocapillaries after the hypocrellin B photodynamic treatment for a month.OBJECTIVE: To observe the features of Chinchilla rabbit choriocapillaries after HB-PDT treatment and to probe into the research prospect of using HB-PDT to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and of using green light as the light source for PDT.DESIGN: A single sample study.SETTING: Laser Department of the Chinese PLA General Hospital.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted at the Laser Department and the Department of Pathology of the Chinese PLA General Hospital as well as the Department of Photoelectric Engineering of Beijing University of Science and Engineering. The materials included photosensitizing agent hypocrellin B (HB), a green laser transmitter, fundus fluorescence camera and transmission electronic microscope.METHODS: The 532 nm green laser transmitter and slit-lamp microscope were connected by light fiber. Chinchilla rabbits of 2.5 to 3.5 kg was narcotized generally and HB(1. 0 mg/kg) was injected into the marginal ear vein. HB was excited with the green laser of 532 nm. The power density of the light spot on fundus was 300 mW/cm2, and the energy density 30 J/cm2. Laser was applied immediately after HB injection and the diameter of the light spot was 2 000 μm. Direct observation of retina, fluorescein fundus angiography and observation with light microscope and electronic microscope were conducted on the 1st, 7th and 28th days respectively after PDT to find the biological features of retina and the choroid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Non-selective injury of retina through direct observation of the fundus; obliteration of the choriocapillaries detected through fluorescein fundus angiography; the position and extent of non-selective injury in retina and the structural changes of the choriocapillaries observed through the light microscope; the ultrastructural changes of the fundus observed through the electronic microscope.RESULTS: One day after PDT, photodynamic thrombosis was formed in choriocapillaries being illuminated and the external layer of retina was apparently injured. On the 7th day, injury of endothelial cells of the choriocapillaries was aggravated without obvious changes of the main vessels of choroid. On the 28th days, fibrous tissue appeared where the choriocapillaries had been and the glass membrane became thickened. Repair and proliferation of RPE cells appeared in the laser illuminated area.CONCLUSION: The biological effect in the target area and non-selective injury in the non-target area began to appear from the 1st to the 7th day after PDT and continued to aggravate. That would be repaired by fibrous tissues from the 28th day. It deserves further studies to treat age-related macular degeneration or other diseases in fundus characterized with choroidal neovascularization.

Objective To evaluate the value of volumetric brain MRI in multiple system atrophy.Methods Eleven patients diagnosed as multiple system atrophy were recruited,includin 5 parkinsonism dominant(MSA-P)and 6 cerebellar dominant(MSA-C).9 patients with parkinsonism of other types and 6 healthy persons were set as case control and healthy control,respectively.T1 weighted (T1W)sagittal and axial images and T2-weighted(T2W)axial images were obtained from all patients and controls at 3.0T scanner.Diameters of the brain structures were measured infratentorially(brainstem, middle cerebellar peduncles(MCP),dentate and red neelus)and supratentorially(globns pallidus and putamen).Results The transverse diameter of the pons was significantly smaller in MSA patients than in the case and healthy controls((27.6?2.0)mm and(30.5?0.6)mm and(29.9?1.1)mm).The significance could be seen when comparing MSA-C and MSA-P with healthy control.The anteroposterior diameter of the fourth ventricle was significantly dilated in MSA patients than in healthy control((11.9? 2.8)mm and(9.0?2.1)mm).The MRI of MSA-C showed narrower MCP((13.3?1.9)mm and (15.8?1.2)mm and larger fourth ventricle((17.3?2.1)mm and(12.6?2.7)mm)than that of MSA-P.The MRI of MSA-P showed smaller globus pallidus and red neclei.Conclusions The volumetric MRI is a useful means in evaluating the brain structure atrophy in multiple system atrophy.The transverse diameter of the pans,though objectively reflecting the atrophy of the pons,can' t be used to differentiate MSA-P from MSA-C.The atrophy of MCP and the dilated fourth ventricle are common in MSA-C,while the atrophy of red neclei is common in MSA-P.

Objective:To examine the osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection to provide evidence for the improvement of the national quality standard. Methods:Totally 66 batches of recombinant human interferonα2b injection produced by 9 manufacturers were withdrawn, and the osmolality was determined according to the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Ⅲ(2010 edition). The results were analyzed with statistical methods. Results:The pass rate of osmolality was 98. 5%. The osmolality of more than 90% of the batches was between 85% and 115% of the intermediate value set by the manufacturers. Conclusion:Comprehensive understanding of the quality control of osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection is obtained, which provides data support for the improvement of quality standard of osmolality.