OBJECTIVE:To raise the competition power of China's pharmaceutical enterprises,make them adapt to the principle of WTO better,and finally to build a safe,effective,and convenient pharmaceutical circulation channel.METHODS:To interview the pharmacy-related departments and enterprises in22provinces and cities to collect the firsthand materials,and consult a lot of literature.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The government should enhance the macro-management for the purpose to build a fair,unified and ordered national market;enterprise should promote and enhance themselves to improve the core competition capacity;the trade association should play a role in micro-harmonization.

BACKGROUND: Schwann cells play an important role in regeneration of peripheral nerves and the extracellular matrix(ECM) is also important to growth of Schwann cells.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of laminin and type Ⅳ collagen on the adhesion and proliferation of Schwann cells.DESIGN: A controlled trial in groups with Schwann cell as subject.SETTING: Plastic Surgery Laboratory of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted in the Plastic Surgery Laboratory of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January through April in 1995. The Schwann cells were extracted from newborn rabbits.METHODS: The culture plates were coated with laminin and type Ⅳ collagen. While in the control group, the antibody of laminin and collagen Ⅳ,collagen Ⅰ and polylysine were added respectively. The Schwann cells of the same concentration were cultured in plates of each group. The cells attachment rate in each group ,was determined after 2, 6, 24 hours respectively. After 72 hours 3H-TdR were incorporated into culture matrix fluid and double channel liquid scintillation counter was used for measurement of radiactivity count per minute.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Attachment rate of Schwann cell. ②3H-TdR counting.RESULTS: The attachment rates in laminin and collagen Ⅳ groups (66%and 59% ) were higher than those of the type Ⅰ collagen and polylysine groups(45% and 43% ) after 2-hour culturing. Those in laminin antibody and collagen Ⅳ antibody groups were lower. The incorporation value were (10.0±2.7)×103, (1.3±0.3)×103, (10.4±2.4)×103, (1.4±0.5) ×103, (5.8±2.7)×103, (3.3±1.0)×103 per minute respectively in laminin, laminin antibody, collagen Ⅳ, collagen Ⅳ antibody, collagen Ⅰ and polylysine groups. The incorporation values in laminin and collagen Ⅳgroups were higher than controls.CONCLUSION: Laminin and type Ⅳ collagen promote the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. This study provides experimental basis for applying the action of Schwann cell to the nerve tissue engineering.

The teaching method, teaching process and teaching model of programming course were reformed in Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine by combining task-driven and flipped classroom teaching con-cept with BB network platform to provide a free and open environment for students in order to train their capability of analyzing and solving problems and the skills of independent learning and life-long learning. Good results were achieved in two rounds of task-driven plus flipped classroom teaching, which are of significance for the teaching model and teaching structure reform of other courses.

〔Abstract〕 Based on elaborating the problems existed in traditional programming course, taking Beijing University of Chinese Medi-cine as an example, the paper puts forward interest teaching method, carries out comprehensive teaching reform from preparing lessons, classes, after-school three aspects, points out the key problems in implementation.Practice shows that this mode could stimulate students′learning interest and initiative and achieve good results.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of peimine on excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) mRNA and lung resistant protein (LRP) expressions in A549/cisplatin (DDP) multidrug resistance (MDR) cell line.

METHODSLung cancer A549/DDP cells were cultured in vitro.Cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into 4 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the DDP group, the ligustrazine group (DDP+ligustrazine), the peimine group (DDP + peimine). After 48-h drug action, ERCC1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR and LRP expression detected by cell immunofluorescence.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA and LRP between the DDP group and the blank control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the DDP group, expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA and LRP obviously decreased in the ligustrazine group and the peimine group (P < 0.05). They were obviously lower in the peimine group than in the ligustrazine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPeimine could reverse MDR of A549/DDP cell line. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating ERCC1 mRNA and LRP expression levels.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cevanes ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Endonucleases ; genetics ; Humans ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 ; genetics ; Lung Neoplasms ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the differences of regional homogeneity(ReHo) in depressed patients with vary degrees of anxiety using resting-state function MRI,and the relationship vary degrees of anxiety symptoms.Methods 10 depressed patients with scores less than 1 in anxiety/somatization factor of Hamilton depression scale,10 depressed patients with scores above 2,and 10 age-,gender-,education-matched healthy controls were underwent resting-state fMRI scanning at 3.0 Tesla.Correlation analysis between ReHo with significant differences level of brain region and the total score of Hamilton depression scale,and anxiety/somatization factor were underwent respectively.Results The brain regions with significant difference level among three groups were the left posterior cerebellum(-39,-77,-29 ; K =15),the left angular gyrus (-56,-63,22 ; K =13) and the left anterior cingulate (-3,22,29 ; K =19) (P ＜ 0.05,Alphasim) ; compared with healthy group,the mild anxiety group showed significantly decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum,and increased ReHo in the left anterior cingulate; the moderate and severe anxiety group showed significantly decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum,and increased ReHo in the left anterior cingulate and the left angular gyrus; no significant differences were found in patient groups.In the mild anxiety group,the left anterior cingulate positively correlated with the anxiety severity(r=0.646,P=0.043),and in the severe anxiety group positively correlated with the somatic anxiety(r =0.693,P=0.038).Conclusion Depressed patients showed abnormal neural activity in resting state,and the degree of abnormality is associated with clinical anxiety/somatization symptoms.

Objective To investigate the interconnection of the executive control network in major depressive disorder when they recognized the sad facial stimuli,and to discuss the aberrant mechanism of emotion processing.Methods Twenty major depressive patients and 20 well-matched healthy volunteers participated in the experiment.The brain actions of all subjects were recorded by the magnetoencephalography (MEG) when they were required to distinguish the emotion face.Based on prior knowledge,the interested brain area consisted of the primary visual cortex (V1),the orbitofrontal cortex(OFC),the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC).Then constructing three competing models to select an optimal model by the method of dynamic causal model(DCM),finally the differences of the effective connections of the optimal model between the depressed patients and healthy controls were analyzed.Results According to the results of Bayesian model selection (BMS),model 1 had the most exceedance probability of 0.80 with the features that there were bidirectional modulatory connections between the OFC,ACC and DLPFC.Given the best model,the parameters of effective connectivity of the optimal model were extracted,and then two-sample t-test over the model 1 was adopted.The modulatory effective connectivity from the OFC to the DLPFC in both hemisphere(t=-2.73,P=0.0096;t=-3.01,P=0.0046) and the OFC to the ACC (t=-2.93,P=0.0057) in the left hemisphere were significantly reduced in MDD.Conclusion There exists abnormal function of executive control network in depressed patients,the decreased effective connections between the OFC and the DLPFC,as well as the OFC and the ACC,may have correlation with the negative

Objective To explore a new model of medical humanity education in new situation. Methods Extensive survey was carried out among medical students,and discussion and consultation were hold to faculty and education administers.A new teaching model was established. Results A curriculum system with 1 or 2 core courses supported by some elective courses and social practice is under the process of implementation and achieved preliminary success.Conclusion The medical humanity education should pay attention to the development of connotation instead of pursuing the extension of quantity blindly,which means that students' school work must be eased by focusing on self-study and self-education.Medical students'life path with high-minded personality training should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease(PD)in a community cohort of elderly in southern Xin Jiang. Methods A total of 6229 residents of Uygurs and Hans ethnicity in Kashi district were investigated from 2008 to 2009 by using a stratified, staged and cluster sampling methods. Results In this study, 57 PD patients were found. The prevalence rate of PD was 0. 7%(21/2871)in Hans and 1.1%(36/3274)in the Uygurs. The prevalence rate of PD increased with age, especially in people aged 85-89 years old. The prevalence rate of PD was 6. 0%(9/150)in illiterate people,followed by 1.0%(30/2968),0. 6%(14/2180)and 0. 5%(4/842)in those having received primary, junior high or senior high school education. Conclusions The prevalence rate of PD increased with age and decreased with education level. There was a correlation between the prevalence of PD and age.

OBJECTIVETo investigate various activities of dissolved matter of glycyrrhizic acid of Radix Glycyrrhizae and the powder by supermicro-pulverization.

METHODThe contents of glycyrrhizic acid in different samples were tested.

RESULTThe dissolved matter of glycyrrhizic acid was greatly increased by supermicro-pulverization. The more time used for grinding, the smaller the size of the powder, and the easier the glycyrrhizic acid would be dissolved.

CONCLUSIONSupermicro-pulverization is helpful to the dissolved matter of glycyrrhizic acid of Radix Glycyrrhizae, and the size of powder exerts great influence on dissolved matter of glycyrrhizic acid.

Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; analysis ; Particle Size ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; Solubility