The overall situation of projects of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) since 2008 has been presented in this paper. The main source of characteristics and innovation of the funded projects were summarized, which may come from several aspects, such as the ethnomedical theories, the dominant diseases of ethnomedicine, special diseases in ethnic minorities inhabited areas, unique ethnomedical therapy, special methods for applying medication, endemic medicinal materials in ethnic minorities inhabited areas, same medicinal materials with different applications. Examples have been provided to give references to the applicants in the fields of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology.
Biomedical Research ; economics ; organization & administration ; China ; Ethnopharmacology ; economics ; organization & administration ; standards ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Medicine, Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Natural Science Disciplines ; economics

Brain cell microenvironment,also known as cerebral tissue channel,consists of the brain extracellular space and its contents.For a long time,because of the limit of technology,the research about brain extracellular space hasn't been given enough attention in the field of cognitive sciences and neuroscience.With the development of medical imaging technology,the research about brain extracellular space will open up a new space for brain and cognitive sciences,and provide a new approach for diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy.Based on the method of medical informatics,this article reveals hot topics on brain science,presents the history of the research about brain cell microenvironment,and analyzes the construction of neurology literature so as to provide reference for the future researchers.

The Roles of the clinicians in different medical models are quite different,which not only led to the change of the relationship between the clinicians and the patients, but also had a significant clinical effect. The authors compared the clinicians'role in different medical models and showed the humanism underlying this change.

Objective To discuss whether potassium sensitivity test(PST) is correlated with PUF in Interstitial Cystitis (IC). Methods The data of 14 IC patients (female 13, male 1) were an-alyzed. The mean age was 48 years (range 35-67 years). The clinical symptoms included urinary fre-quency, urgency, pelvic and peritoneal region pain after bladder filling. All the patients met the diag-nostic criteria of NIDDK for IC. Dilatations by hyponome were performed, medicine including heparin-sodium, lidocaine, NaHCO3 were used by intravesical instillation. PST and the pelvic pain and urgen-cy/frequency patient symptom (PUF) were used for evaluation. The relationship of the PST and PUF was assessed by statistics. Results PST median decreased from 4.0 to 1.0 (P<0.01). PUF medi-an decreased from 27.5 to 13.5(P<0.01). PST was directly correlated with PUF (rs=0. 868, t= 4.418, P= 0.001 before treatment, rs = 0.779, t=4.300, P = 0.001 after treatment). Conclusions PST and PUF are correlated. Both can be used as index in diagnosis, differential diagno-sis, symptom severity and treatment effectiveness evaluation of IC.

Objective This investigation was to define the occupational security-related factors in community nurses and effective strategies to improve their service awareness and occupational protection ability.Methods A questionnaire was used for 1702 community nurses in Guangzhou to learn occupational security-related factors and occupational protection skills.Results Self-report results found that 21.3% (362/1702) nurses fully understood the occupational security-related factors,12.0% (204/1702) nurses knew the requirement for occupational security,and 12.3% (209/1702) nurse could provide occupational protection.Conclusions These results suggested that most community nurses showed poorer occupational protection awareness and ability.Thus,occupation safety management regulations,standardized performance procedure and emergency response plan should be put forward,and further community nurse training programme need to be initiated.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of ten years of iodized salt supply in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disease (IDD) in Tianjin. Methods 1 200 pupils aged 8-10 years with 1:1 of sex ratio were chosen in the regions where iodized salt supply had been conducted for 10 years (1995-2005), the prevalence rate of goiter, the level of urine iodine and the iodized salt consumption were investigated. Results The prevalence rate of goiter of children aged 8-10 years in Tianjin decreased from 32.6% to 1.8% after 10 years of iodized salt supply, the median of urinary iodine increased from 96 ?g/L to 228 ?g/L. In the high water iodine regions, the prevalence rate of goiter was 8.1%, the median of urinary iodine was 576 ?g/L. Conclusion 10 years of iodized salt supply can significantly prevent and control IDD in the regions where there is iodine deficiency in drinking water, but the problem should not be neglected that iodine excess in the regions where the concentration of iodine in drinking water is higher. Reasonable iodine supplement is the key to prevent and control IDD as a whole.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between fragile histidine triad(FHIT) transcription abnormalities and HPV16 infection and human cervical tumorigenesis.Methods Total RNA from 5 cervical carcinoma cell lines(SiHa,HeLa,RJC-1,CS1213 and C4-1),58 primary cervical cancer specimens and 18 normal cervical epithelial tissues were extracted and FHIT transcripts were characterized by a two-step(nested) reverse transcription(RT)-PCR.The seven of the PCR products with different size were purified and sequenced.HPV16 infection was assessed by PCR.Results ① There were altered FHIT transcripts in SiHa,HeLa and C4-1 cells.Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 39 out of the 58 cervical cancer samples(67.2%),but none out of 18 in the normal cervix tissue specimens(0%);HPV16 infections were identified in 37 of the 58 cervical cancer tissues(63.8%),but 1 in the 18 normal cervical epithelial tissues(5%),which showed a significant difference between these two groups(P0.05).③ The exon 5 and exon 6 were mainly deleted in the altered FHIT transcripts and no insertion and point mutation were found by DNA sequencing.Conclusion Aberrant FHIT expression was significantly common in cervical cancers and was correlated with HPV16 infection.These findings suggest that the tumor suppressor gene FHIT and high risk HPV16 may play a very important role in human cervical carcinogenesis.

AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint to make the difference between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. METHODS: Chromatographic fingerprint between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried was investigated by RP-HPLC and the gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid was applied to chromatographic separation(Alltima C_18(4.6 mm ?250 mm,5 ?m) column) for 65 min,and detection wavelength of 225 nm.Data were analysed by fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity among the samples. RESULTS: The similitude degree of the10 batches of pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method were between 0.935-0.997 and 0.964-0.999,respectively.Comparing with the common processing of the HPLC fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen,the similarity of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen processed with wine-fried was greater than 0.900. CONCLUSION: There have no significant deviation between semipolarity components of the pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. The proportion of the main relative peak area has changed.

Objective To evaluate the status of the influence factors of foundational course teachers' academic profession development in medical college.Methods The survey includes academic promotion and academic innovation.In aspect of academic innovation,a total of 68 foundational course teachers in medical college were selected.The subjects were tested by scale of exterior influencing factors on innovative behavior,the assessment scale of innovative behavior and the organizational innovation climate scale,the scientific spirit scale of the scientific and technological talents.The impact of demographic characteristics on academic promotion was also tested.Results In aspect of academic promotion,teachers with different department and education showed statistically significant difference in titles(P＜0.05).The age of teachers' promoted to professor is 40-50 years old,vice professor is 30-40 years old.Generally,it takes 6-10 years to promote to senior titles,and it takes less time for doctors.In aspect of academic innovation,scale was used in 5 points,the lowest 1 point,the highest 5 point.The mean score of the scale of exterior influencing factors on innovative behavior is mission design3.28 ±0.96,innovation investment 2.53±0.74,innovation environment 3.10±0.65.The mean score of the assessment scale of innovative behavior and the organizational innovation climate scale is organization target cognition 3.10 ± 0.74,colleagues relationship 3.44±0.82,team innovation motivation 3.34±0.83.The mean score of the scientific spirit scale of the scientific and technological talents in spiritual science dimension is 3.40±0.67 points.The projects with low scores are distributed in three dimensions of innovation investment,innovation environment and organization target cognition.Conclusions Teachers' academic promotion is related to the department and education.In aspect of academic innovation,teachers' self-evaluation of scientific spirit is higher,the evaluation of the mission design,colleagues relationship,team innovation motivation is also higher,the evaluation of the innovation environment,organization target cognition,innovation investment is lower.Material resources,research cooperation and so on especially should be improved.

Cancer/testis(CT) antigens,of which more than 40 kinds have now been identified,are encoded by genes that are expressed normally in the human germ line,and are also expressed in various tumor types,including melanoma,and carcinomas of the bladder,lung and liver.These immunogenic proteins are being vigorously pursued as targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines.In this paper,the classification,expression and function of CT antigens are reviewed.