The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is a major target of the basal ganglia and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Notably, the VA receives direct innervation from the hypothalamic histaminergic system. However, its role in PD remains unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of histamine to VA neuronal activity and PD motor deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced VA activity in PD patients. Optogenetic activation of VA neurons or histaminergic afferents significantly alleviated motor deficits in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. Furthermore, histamine excited VA neurons via H1 and H2 receptors and their coupled hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, inward-rectifier K⁺ channels, or Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels. These results demonstrate that histaminergic afferents actively compensate for Parkinsonian motor deficits by biasing VA activity. These findings suggest that targeting VA histamine receptors and downstream ion channels may be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD motor dysfunction.
Animals ; Histamine/metabolism* ; Male ; Oxidopamine/toxicity* ; Rats ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei/physiopathology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Disease Models, Animal ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Humans ; Optogenetics

Objective: To investigate the subclinical eating disorders among college students and to analyze associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders among adolescents. Methods: From November to December 2023, a total of 5 201 college students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from one undergraduate college and one specialized college in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Data on general information, subclinical eating disorders, body image perception, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy were collected using questionnaires. The Chisquare test was used to compare the detection rates of subclinical eating disorders between groups, and binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze associated factors. Results: The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students was 16.0%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders among college students was higher in the following categories:being in a relationship (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.04-1.44), being overweight and obese (OR=2.75, 3.82, 95%CI=2.24-3.38, 2.89-5.06), overestimation of body shape (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.68-2.49), being in a depressive state (OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.99-3.21), experiencing anxiety (OR=2.63, 95%CI=2.16-3.20), and having substandard mental health literacy (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.11-1.70). Conversely, low body weight (OR=0.15, 95%CI=0.10-0.22) and underestimation of body shape (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.27-0.51) were associated with a lower risk (P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students is high, and it is associated with relationship status, body mass index classification, body shape perception, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy. Comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the subclinical eating disorders and promote the physical and mental health of college students.

In order to study the compounds from Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr. and explore the substance bases of its dissipating blood stasis, MCI, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography were used to isolate and purify the compounds. The structures were identified by MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR spectra analysis, etc. Eight triterpenoids were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of ethanol extract from G. longituba and identified as 2α,3α,16β-trihydroxy-13α,27-cyclours-11-en-28-oic acid (1), 28-norurs-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (2), 28-norolean-12-ene-3β,17β-diol (3), oleanonic acid (4), 3β,13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (5), uvaol (6), oleanolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8). Compound 1 is a new hexacyclic triterpene with 13α,27-cyclopropane structure, named euscaphic acid H; compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from Lamiaceae for the first time while compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this genus. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of triterpenoids was evaluated by four coagulation indexes (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT; thrombin time, TT; prothrombin time, PT; fibrinogen, FIB). Among them, compounds 1 and 6 showed obvious anticoagulant effects.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to ligand-gated ion channel receptors, of which α7 nAChR subtype is widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and also identified in microglia, macrophages, bone marrow cells, etc. Previous studies revealed that α7 nAChR is closely related to the function of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and is a vital target for drug development of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The establishment of a stable α7 nAChR in vitro drug screening system is crucial for the efficient screening of novel drugs targeting this target. Recombinant expression of different subtypes of nAChRs on Xenopus laevis oocyte membranes and current detected by two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) is an advanced and complex model for novel drug screening. Molecular chaperones can assist the assembly of some nAChR subunits to form functional receptors, providing a stable expression model for the screening of compounds targeting this receptor. In this study, a molecular chaperone gene of α7 nAChR, transmembrane protein 35A (Tmem35a), was isolated and cloned from rats. We constructed the recombinant expression vector and obtained the cRNA of Tmem35a by in vitro transcription technique. Two cRNAs (Tmem35a and α7) were mixed and injected into X. laevis oocytes for expression. Then, the effects of this molecular chaperone on the current expression and pharmacological properties of α7 nAChR were evaluated by the TEVC. The results revealed that TMEM35A, also known as novel acetylcholine receptor chaperone (NACHO) could effectively increase the expression of α7 nAChR protein on oocyte membranes, and the amount of α7 nAChR protein was increased about 1-fold. The peak current induced by agonist acetylcholine (ACh) was increased about 10-fold. After injection of Tmem35a cRNA, the median effect concentration (EC₅₀) value of α7 nAChR to agonist ACh is 228.5 μmol·L^-1, which shows almost no difference from native α7 nAChR (EC₅₀: 223.3 μmol·L^-1), indicating the preservation of the normal properties of α7 nAChR. The results of this investigation indicate that the molecular chaperone NACHO effectively assists the heterologous expression of α7 nAChR in X. laevis oocytes, which provides a model for screening the potency of lead compounds targeting α7 nAChR. All animal experiments in this study were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangxi University (approval number: GXU-2023-0249).

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of early rehabilitation treatment after repair surgery of skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand.Methods:This study was a retrospective non-randomized controlled study. From February 2015 to February 2023, 24 patients (15 males and 9 females, aged 12-55 years) with skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand, who met the inclusion criteria and were repaired with flap transplantation and tendon grafting or tendon anastomosis, were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. According to different intervention time for postoperative rehabilitation treatment of patients, the patients were divided into conventional rehabilitation group and early rehabilitation group, with 12 cases in each group. Patients in early rehabilitation group received rehabilitation treatment immediately after surgery under the rehabilitation guidance of specialized rehabilitation physicians based on the characteristics of different postoperative periods. Patients in conventional rehabilitation group began rehabilitation treatment from the third week after surgery, and their rehabilitation treatment was the same as that of patients in early rehabilitation group from the second week after surgery. The patients in 2 groups were treated in the hospital until the sixth week after surgery. The occurrence of flap vascular crisis and tendon rupture were observed within 6 weeks after surgery. After 6 weeks of surgery, the manual muscle test was used to measure the pinching force between the index finger and thumb, lateral pinching force, three-point pinching force, and grip force of the affected hand; the total action motion method was used to evaluate the finger joint range of motion of the affected hand, and the excellent and good ratio was calculated; the Carroll upper extremity function test was used to score and rate the function of the affected hand.Results:Within 6 weeks after surgery, only 1 patient in conventional rehabilitation group suffered from venous crisis, and the flap survived after the second surgical exploration and anastomosis of blood vessels; there was no occurrence of tendon rupture in patients of 2 groups. After 6 weeks of surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in pinching force between the index finger and thumb, lateral pinching force, three-point pinching force, or grip force of the affected hand between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05); the excellent and good ratio of the finger joint range of motion of the affected hand of patients in early rehabilitation group was 11/12, which was higher than 7/12 in conventional rehabilitation group, but there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05); the affected hand function score of patients in early rehabilitation group was 90±6, which was significantly higher than 83±8 in conventional rehabilitation group ( t=2.41, P<0.05); the function rating of the affected hand of patients in early rehabilitation group was obviously better than that in conventional rehabilitation group ( Z=2.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:Early rehabilitation treatment for patients with skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand after repair surgery can improve hand function, but it would not increase surgery related complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is the main cause of ischemic stroke. In recent years, with the continuous innovation of novel imaging technologies, numerous classification standards for carotid plaques provide more powerful evidence for the features of carotid plaques and perioperative vascular assessment, as well as the reference for surgeons in choosing therapeutic decisions. Ultrasound is the preferred non-invasive and convenient screening tool for carotid stenosis. Invasive examinations such as CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are suitable for carotid stenosis patients to determine the plaque composition and stability, which can guide surgical decision-making and help to prevent serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events. Advances in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis have focused on the improvement and innovation of vascular interventional devices and surgical procedures, including double-layer stents, coated stents and transcarotid artery revascularization. As technology continues to evolve, molecular imaging and more minimally invasive screening as well as therapies will be the way forward.

Cough variant asthma （CVA） is a chronic respiratory disease with cough as its main symptom. The occurrence of CVA is closely related to non-specific airway inflammation， and its pathogenesis involves environmental， genetic， immune， and other factors. In recent years， the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CVA have attracted the attention of experts and scholars in China and abroad， especially its prominent role in regulating immune balance， relieving cough symptoms in CVA patients， and reducing recurrence. T Helper cells 1 （Th1）， T helper cells 2 （Th2）， T helper cells 17 （Th17）， and regulatory T cells （Treg） are derived from CD4⁺ T cells. Immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is a new hotspot in the pathogenesis of CVA and a potential key target in the treatment of CVA by TCM. Th cell subsets are in dynamic balance under physiological conditions， maintaining respiratory immune homeostasis in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are balanced. Immature helper T cells （Th0） can be differentiated into Th1， Th2， Th17， Treg， and other cell subsets due to cytokine types in the microenvironment in the stage of CVA maturation. The proliferation of Th2 cells leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation. Excessive differentiation of Th17 cells induces neutrophil airway inflammation. Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in number and function， and the immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is easy to aggravate the generation of inflammatory response. Restoring immune balance is particularly important for the airway anti-inflammatory therapy of CVA. In this paper， the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg and the pathogenesis of CVA were systematically expounded. Meanwhile， the latest research on the regulation of immune imbalance by TCM compound， single TCM， and its effective ingredients in the treatment of CVA was reviewed. It provides ideas and references for revealing the scientific connotation of TCM regulating immune balance therapy of CVA， as well as the development of clinical treatment and basic research of CVA.

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is the main cause of ischemic stroke. In recent years, with the continuous innovation of novel imaging technologies, numerous classification standards for carotid plaques provide more powerful evidence for the features of carotid plaques and perioperative vascular assessment, as well as the reference for surgeons in choosing therapeutic decisions. Ultrasound is the preferred non-invasive and convenient screening tool for carotid stenosis. Invasive examinations such as CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are suitable for carotid stenosis patients to determine the plaque composition and stability, which can guide surgical decision-making and help to prevent serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events. Advances in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis have focused on the improvement and innovation of vascular interventional devices and surgical procedures, including double-layer stents, coated stents and transcarotid artery revascularization. As technology continues to evolve, molecular imaging and more minimally invasive screening as well as therapies will be the way forward.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the resistance mechanism of Mycoplasma bovis from Xizang yaks to macrolide antibiotics and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication.In this study,10 strains of Mycoplasma bovis from Xizang yaks were tested for drug sensitivity to macrolide antibiotics using the micromethod,and sensitive strains were induced to be highly resist-ant in vitro.The results showed that all 10 strains of Mycoplasma bovis exhibited varying degrees of resistance to macrolide antibiotics.However,through methylation enzyme and inactivation en-zyme gene detection and analysis,it was found that there was no methylation enzyme encoded by the methylation enzyme gene and no resistance mechanism mediated by macrolide inactivation en-zymes,indicating that there were no mutations in the target gene loci of the sensitive and resistant strains.However,highly resistant strains in vitro have mutations at the domain Ⅱ,L22,and even L4 target gene loci,indicating that if two or more target gene amino acid loci undergo mutations,highly resistant strains can be produced.After testing with active efflux systems,it was found that there were no active efflux systems using macrolide antibiotics as substrates.It can be seen that the strain of Mycoplasma bovis from Xizang yaks is prone to mutation under the pressure of high con-centrations of macrolides,and there are mutations in two or more target gene amino acid sites,which is prone to produce highly resistant strains.