Objective To compare the outcomes of percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation or vertebra pedicle instrumentation for treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (OVCF) in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective case cohort study was conducted on 62 patients with OVCF manifesting non-neurological symptoms treated from January 2009 to January 2012.There were 22 males and 30 females,with a mean age of 61.3 years (range,55 to 70 years).Fracture level was T11 in 8 patients,T12in 20,L1 in 22 and L2 in 12.Treatments included percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral fracture fixation in 36 patients (Group A) and percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation in 26 patients (Group B).Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,anterior vertebral body height,sagittal Cobb angle and visual analogue score (VAS) were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for average 46.5 months (range,36 to 58 months).Operation time in Group A [(82.6 ±16.2) min] was shorter than that in Group B [(96.8 ± 20.6) min] (P ＜ 0.05).Blood loss in Group B [(40.5 ± 10.2) ml] was less than that in Group A [(52.2 ± 15.5) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Before operation and 3 days and 1 year after operation,the anterior vertebral body height and sagittal Cobb angle in Group A showed no significant differences compared to Group B (all P ＞ 0.05).At the final follow-up,the ratio of anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle in Group B [(87.8 ± 2.5) ％,(7.8 ± 3.5) °] were better than these in Group A [(82.6 ±3.2)％,(9.1 ± 1.8)°] (P＜0.05).VAS showed no statistical significance between the two groups before and after operation (P ＞ 0.05).Bone cement leakage was seen in four patients in Group B.During the perioperative period,there were 3 patients with lung infection in Group A and 1 patient with lower limb deep vein thrombosis in Group B.No implant failure occurred in both groups.Conclusion Both procedures are effective in treating elderly patients with OVCF,but percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation is associated with better results in maintaining vertebral height and preventing kyphosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT) in the elderly. Methods The clinical features, diagnosis, treatments and prognosis of 10 aged cases with acute MVT were retrospectively analyzed. Results The chief complaints of the 10 cases were different degrees of abdominal pain, which not paralleled with abdominal signs. The accompanying symptoms were nausea, vomiting and bloody stools and so on. All of these patients were misdiagnosised as pancreatitis, appendicitis or intestinal obstruction and so on. diagnosis of two cases was confirmed by ultrasound, 8 by CT. At the same time, 2 cases underwent angiography examination. Of the 8 cases who underwent operation, 5 cases were cured, 3 cases died (1 died of toxic shock and 2 died of multiple organ failure ). Two cases underwent conservative intervention thrombolysis. Conclusions It is essential to improve the knowledge of acute MVT,especially its intricate clinical characteristics, high rates of misdiagnosis and mortality. Early proper diagnosis is crucial. The main treatment is operation and conservative intervention thrombolysis can be performed in the patients whose bowel has not necrosed yet.

Objective In order to provide new clues on the cause of esophagus-cancer through seeking for information among the relatives of esophagus-cancer-patients at high-risk,contrast analysis was carried out to compare the ORs between esophagus-cancer cases and the relatives of the patients.Methods Case-control study was adopted on 720 cases and 720 controls who were kin relatives of the patients.Results (1) Risk of the relatives to the esophagus-cancer-patient group ( 1.34%-2.24% ) was obviously higher than the control group (0.78%-1.21%) (P＜0.01).In 1st grade relatives,the risk of parent' s to the esophagus-cancer patients (6.11% ) was obviously higher than the control group (2.97%) (P＜0.01 ).(2) According to the cascade analysis to the cases of both paternal and matriarchal,lines,results showed that the risks of both the paternal line (0.87%-1.01%) and the matriarchal line (0.50%-0.79%) in the group of esophagus-cancer cases were all obviously higher than the lines in the control groups (0.53%-0.65%) and (0.38%-0.47%).Data also showed that the risk among the male relatives of paternal line (eg:grandfathers',father' s,uncles' etc.) in the group of cases was 2.68% while the matriarchal (eg:grandmother's,mother' s,aunts' etc.) was 1.91%.Both figures were obviously higher than that in the control group (1.50% and 0.92%,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion The risk factor of esophagus cancer of the next generation seemed higher if the father and his brothers or mother and her sisters having had esophagus-cancers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the infection rate and genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting MP in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 220 children hospitalized with CAP, and the accuracy was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Positive samples were digested with HaeⅡ and Hae Ⅲ and compared with standard strain to analyze the genotypes of MP from positive samples. The accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by sequencing the amplified products of some randomly selected positive samples.

RESULTSThe positive rate of MP in 220 samples was 55.0% (121/220). MP infection occurred mostly in preschool and school-age children (63.5%, 101/159), and the lowest positive rate was seen in children aged under 6 months (20%, 1/5). The positive rate showed no significant differences between sexes and between seasons. Sixty randomly selected MP-positive samples showed a genotype of P1 type 1 after restriction digestion, which was further confirmed by sequencing of 4 samples.

CONCLUSIONSMP is one of the main pathogens of pneumonia in children, and the MP infection rate is significantly correlated with age. The dominant genotype of MP in children is P1 type 1.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons

This study was aimed to investigate the function defect of partial homing receptor on cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CBHSC) and explore efficacy and feasibility of intervention in vitro. The expression and activity of active groups in P, E-selectin ligands on CD34+ cells from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry; meanwhile the expression of active groups in selectin ligands on CD34+ cells treated by fucosyl transferase in vitro was determined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the expression levels of CD26 on the surface of stem/progenitor cells (CD34+) from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood were (7.62+/-0.63)%, (6.35+/-0.89)% and (6.18+/-0.91)% (p>0.05) respectively. And the activities of CD26 of the three sources of stem cells were 67.15 U/1000 cells (1 U=1 pmol/min), 26.85 U/1000 cells and 20.95 U/1000 cells respectively, in which the activity of CD26 on surface of CD34+ from cord blood was significantly higher than that from other both sources (p<0.01). The expression levels of P-selectin ligand on the stem/progenitor cells three kinds were (83.46+/-6.33)%, (15.65+/-0.89)% and (80.17+/-6.85)%, and the expression levels of E-selectin ligand on stem/progenitor cells of three kinds were (25.31+/-1.03)%, (26.34+/-0.89)% and (29.79+/-1.78)% respectively. The expression of E-selectin ligand on the surface of cord blood stem/progenitor cell CD34+ increased from (25.31+/-1.03)% to (63.23+/-1.08)% after glycosylation engineering. It is concluded that there is no significant difference of the expression of CD26 between the three sources of stem/progenitor cells, but the activity of CD26 in cord blood was obviously higher than that in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The expression of P-selectin ligand on bone marrow stem/progenitor cell was lower than that on stem cells of cord blood and peripheral blood. Glycosylation engineering can promote and elevate the expression of E-selectin ligand on the surface of CD34+ cells from cord blood.
Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; metabolism ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Sialoglycoproteins ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the significance and safety of flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.

METHODSA total of 438 children (236 males and 202 females) with respiratory diseases who were aged from 17 days to 15 years, were examined and/or treated by bronchoscopy (including bronchoscopic intervention) under local anesthesia.

RESULTSOf the 438 children, 311 were diagnosed with pulmonary infection, 68 with atelectasis, 36 with recurrent cough and asthma, 6 with hemoptysis of unknown origin, 6 with bronchial foreign body, 5 with congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 2 with bronchiectasis, 1 with ciliary dyskinesia syndrome, 1 with lung tumor, and 2 with congenital immunodeficiency disease. After bronchoscopic examination, local flushing or bronchoalveolar lavage, and foreign body extraction, marked response was seen in 379 cases and response was seen in 46 cases. High-pressure balloon dilatation under bronchoscopy was performed in 5 cases with inflammatory stricture and achieved satisfying clinical effect. No severe complications were found in bronchoscopy.

CONCLUSIONSBronchoscopy and balloon dilatation under local anesthesia is safe and effective for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.

Adolescent ; Anesthesia, Local ; Bronchoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dilatation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of different serum creatinine detection methods,including Jaffe and enzymatic methods,on the efficacy of different GFR estimation equations in CKD patients in China.MethodsrGFR of 176 patients with CKD were determined by dual plasma sample method 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) plasma clearance rate.Serum creatinine was detected with four kinds of creatinine reagents from different manufacturers.Cockcroft-Gault Equation corrected for body surface area (CG/BSA),simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation,IDMS-traceable MDRD equation,CKD epidemiology collaborative research (CKD-EPI) equation and two Chinese simplified MDRD equation (project group equation 1,2) were applied to calculate estimated GFR (eGFR)respectively.eGFRwerecomparedwithrGFRforthecorrelation, deviation, precisionand30％ accuracy.ResultsThe mean rGFR of 176 patients with CKD,was [ 40.70 ( 19.41 -84.35 ) ] ml · min- 1 ·( 1.73 m2 ) -1.For all GFR estimation equations,there were significant differences in eGFR results between enzymatic method and Jaffe method,when analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.eGFR results assessed by two enzymatic creatinine detection systems showed no significant difference,while eGFR results analyzed by two Jaffe detection system were significantly different.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of eGFR and rGFR ranged from 0.879 to 0.923 by Jaffe method,while from 0.925 to 0.946 by enzymatic creatinine method.ICC and Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between eGFR and rGFR,and the correlation was better when using enzymatic method.Bland-Altman plots indicated that large deviation occurred in the high value area of GFR using various equations.However,deviation with the enzymatic creatinine method was smaller than that with the Jaffe method. When rGFR ≥ 60 ml · min- 1 ·(1.73 m2) -1,the 30％ accuracy of eGFR using enzymatic creatinine method for all six equations was between 68.3％ and 90.0％,while it was between 41％ and 75％ when using Jaffe method. The 30％ accuracy of eGFR using enzymatic creatinine method was significantly higher than that using picric acid method for these equations except for the project group equation 1.When rGFR ＜60 ml · min -1 · ( 1.73 m2 ) -1,the 30％accuracy of eGFR using both methods was between 39.7％ -49.1％,40.5％ -52.6％respectively,and the difference of data showed no statistical significance.For the same equation,there was a significant differernce in 30％ accuracy of eGFR between two enzymatic creatinine detection systems,while there was no significant differernce between two Jaffe creatinine detection systems.ConclusionsA significant difference was demonstrated in the same GFR evaluation equation using two different creatinine detection methods (Jaffe method and enzymatic method).The correlation between rGFR and eGFR,the degree of deviation,and accuracy of eGFR results assessed by enzymatic creatinine method were better than those by Jaffe method.The eGFR results assessed by different enzymatic detection systems revealed no significant difference.

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for determination of two polyacetylenes, lobetyolin and lobetyolinin, in Herba Lobeliae Chinensis.

METHODC18 column was used with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water. Linear gradient elution from 10% to 40% acetonitrile in 25 min was applied, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was at 267 nm.

RESULTLower contents of lobetyolin and lobtyolinin were found in collected samples of Herba Lobeliae Chinensis. The highest amounts of lobetyolin and lobetyolinin were found to be 0.461 and 0.436 mg x g(-1) in a sample procured from Hong Kong. However, there were no lobetyolin and lobetyolinin in some of the samples.

CONCLUSIONA simple and effective HPLC method to analyze the two polyacetylenes in Herba Lobeliae Chinensis was established. It could be applied for the quality control of this herb.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Lobelia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyacetylenes ; analysis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective Studies on cardia-cancer caused by hereditary factors. Methods Case-control method was adopted,with information including name,sex,date of birth,date of death of all the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ relatives of the patients,diagnosis and the treatment collected. The hereditary probability of cardia cancer and the separation degree were calculated by Falconer and Li-Mentel-Gart. Results (1) Prevalence rates of cardia-cancer on relative Ⅰ,relative Ⅱ,relative Ⅲ of cardia-cancer patients appeared to be 0.54%,0.04%,and 0.05% respectively. Prevalence rates of upper-digestive-tract-cancer of relative Ⅰ,relative Ⅱ,relative Ⅲ of cardia-cancer patients showed as: 2.50%,0.36% and 0.13% respectively. Data showed that relative Ⅰ> relative Ⅱ> relative Ⅲ and family cluster existed in both males and females. (2) Cardia-cancer hereditary probability of the relative Ⅰ cardia-cancer probands was 11.71%,with males as 14.01% and females as 14.72%. The upper-digestive-tract-cancer hereditary probability of the relative Ⅰ cardia-cancer probands was 13.87%,with males as 11.49% and females as 23.08%,both below 25%,indicating this was a low hereditary cancer. (3) The upper-digestive-tract-cancer separation of the blood compatriots of cardia-cancer patients was 0.0452,with males as 0.0441 and females as 0.0507,both below 0.25,indicating the nature of a multi-gene but not single-gene hereditary way. Conclusion Hereditary factor is recognized as one of the high risk cardia cancer,but not the most risky factor causing the high morbidity of cardia cancer in Shanxi province.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 131I treatment for bone metastases from DTC and analyze the survival rates after 131I treatment and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and six DTC patients with bone metastases treated by 131I during January 1991 and January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on serum Tg change, bone pain palliation and changes on medical imaging. Univariate analysis was performed for defining the factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy. Survival curves were estimated using the life table method. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Results Serum Tg decreased dramatically in 37/106 (34.9%) patients treated with131I. Thirty-nine of 61 patients (63.9%) with bone pain had pain relief. Age, tumor subtype and presence of non-osseous distant metastases were significant factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy based on serum Tg change (χ2=6.443, 11.455, 6.756, all P<0.05), but had no significant effects on bone pain palliation (χ2=0, 0, 0.060, all P>0.05). There were no imaging changes of bone metastases in 77.4% of patients after 131I treatment. The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates from initial diagnosis of bone metastases was 86.47% and 57.90%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that number of metastases, presence of non-osseous distant metastases and pre-131I treatment surgery were significant factors for survival (Log-rank values were 4.05, 5.98, 4.22, all P<0.05). Conclusions 131I treatment for bone metastases from DTC is effective for lowering serum Tg and palliation of bone pain. Single metastasis, absence of non-osseous distant metastases and pre-131I therapy surgery are favorable predictors of prognosis.