Objective To evaluate the application of duct endoscopy in the diagnosis of breast diseases characterized by nipple discharge.Methods One hundred and sixty-nine consecutive cases from October 2003 to September 2004 who had duct endoscopy for nipple discharge were reviewed and followed up.Results Of 169 cases,79 ductitis,62 intraductal papilloma,9 intraductal carcinoma in situ,19 without breast diseases were diagnosed under duct endoscopy.During following up,the diagnostic accuracy of intraductal papilloma and intraductal carcinoma in situ with duct endoscopy was 89.8%(44/49) and 55.6%(5/9),respectively.There was only one patient who had breast pain and mild skin redness which was cured with oral antibiotics for 3 days.Conclusion Duct endoscopy is an only technique to explore the etiology for duct discharge under vision.It is direct,safe and effective,with a high accuracy.

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the consumption status of iodized salt and iodine nutrition status of Tianjin residents,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Sampling methods:① Salt iodine:According to The National Project of Surveillance on IDD,the iodine in salt samples from 18 Tianjin districts (counties) was tested between 2002 to 2011.②Iodine nutritional status of children:Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children was conducted four times in 2002,2005,2009 and 2011.In 2002 and 2005,two primary schools were selected in each district.By age,gender parity principle,40 subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and 20 of them were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2009,according to their sub-area positions in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of each district,5 primary schools were selected in each town (if there were less than five towns in the district,all towns had been selected).Twenty subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2011,probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 primary schools,and then 40 children aged from 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school to examine thyroids.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were tested.③Iodine nutritional status of women of childbearing age:In 2007,2008 and 2010,150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age were selected in Hangu District,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.④Iodine nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women:In 2011,3 towns around each primary school were selected.Five pregnant and five lactating women were selected in each town,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.Test methods:①Salt iodine was tested by direct titration,while Sichuan salt and other reinforced edible salt by arbitration determination based on the General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodide Ion (GB/T 13025.7-1999).②Thyroid was tested by B-type-ultrasound and judged according to Diagnostic Criterion of Endemic Goiter (WS 276-2007).③Urinary iodine was tested by the Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results From 2002 to 2011,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt,the rate of non-iodinated salt was 92.7％(43 489/46 926),97.4％(43 489/44 694),95.1％ (44 694/46 926) and 4.8％(2273/46 926),respectively.The median salt iodine was in the range of 29.2-36.7 mg/kg.Children's urinary iodine was monitored 4 times,the median urinary iodine was 228.0,221.5,191.8; and 194.7 μg/L,respectively.Children goiter rates were 2.1％(27/1258),1.6％(19/1186) and 2.1％(26/1219) of the 3 times monitored.The median urinary iodine in pregnant and lactating women was 145.2 and 136.0 μg/L.The median urinary iodine in women of childbearing age was 130.7,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,which increased with the increase of coverage of iodized salt.Conclusions The iodine nutrition of Tianjin residents,women of childbearing age and lactating women are at appropriate level.The iodine nutrition of pregnant women is lower than appropriate level.Recommended salt iodine level in our city is 30 mg/kg,or 25 mg/kg for ordinary residents,and 30 mg/kg for pregnant women.

Objective To explore the methods for coverage of the defect of great toe after the wrap-a- round flap transferand decrease the morbidity of donor site in great toes.Methods Twenty-five patients received three kinds of procedure for immediate resurfacing of donor defect of the great toes during wrap-around flap transferAmong them9 cases received the free flaps for coverage of defect in donor great toes12 cases was repaired by local pedieled dorsal or plamarpedis flapsand the other cases were treated by the nail-flap of second toe.Results All the flaps were survivalTwo patients received the flap thinning procedure in 6 months laterall patients were satisfied with cosmetic and functional outcomeThe appearance and sensory function of donor toe repaired by second toe nail-flap was best among three methods.Conclusion Accord- ing the detect situation of great toesthree kinds of flap were selected for immediate coverage of donor site, which can decrease the complication of donor great toe at the most.

ABSTRACT:In order to explore the spatial clustering and influential factors of HFMD in Chongqing ,China from 2008 to 2012 ,spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression analysis (using the spatial lag model in this study ) were carried out using the HFMD data of 38 districts (counties) from 2008-2012 in Chongqing by OpenGeoDa ,and the HFMD case‐based data was collected from the Disease Supervision Information Management System of Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Preven‐tion .We found that the global Moran’s I coefficient of Chongqing from 2009 to 2012 was 0 .458 7 ,0 .567 5 ,0 .398 6 ,and 0 .606 0(P<0 .01) ,respectively ,indicating that the incidence of HFMD in Chongqing had a positive spatial correlation in this four years and a spatial clustering distribution was displayed .However ,no global spatial autocorrelation was founded in 2008 and the global Moran’s I coefficient was 0 .133 2 (P>0 .05) .Results of multi‐factor spatial lag regression analysis demonstra‐ted that the incidence of HFMD was positively related with urban rate (β=1 .667 6 , P=0 .001 6) ,and negatively correlated with medical technical personnel per thousand (β= -0 .000 2 ,P=0 .019 8) .In general ,the incidence of HFMD was found ge‐ographically clustered in Chongqing from 2009 to 2012 which was significantly influenced by urban rate and medical technical personnel per thousand population ,and while the urban rate was the main factor .

Objectives: To observe the impact of cannulation strategies on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) complications. Methods: A total of 37 patients with refractory heart failure (HF) treated in our hospital from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled. All patients received VA-ECMO with ipsilateral femoral artery and vein cannulation and they were divided into 2 groups: Direct cannulation group, patients received open surgery for femoral artery and vein cannulation directly, based on downstream leg ischemia condition, ARROW sheath was used in ECMO pipeline to establish collateral circulation, n=21 and "Chimney technique" group, patients received femoral vessel cannulation as a graft of 8 mm Dacron artificial vessel was end-to-side anastomosed to the host femoral artery, then was connected to the host femoral vein directly, n=16. Prior ECMO clinical condition, time of cannulation, duration of VA-ECMO, the mean amounts of daily bleeding and transfusion, downstream leg ischemia condition and in-hospital mortality were observed and compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with Direct cannulation group, "Chimney technique" group showed the longer time of cannulation (83.54±13.2) min vs (67.33±22.4) min, P<0.05, less patients with downstream leg ischemia (6.2% vs 23.8%), less amounts of daily bleeding (210.78±180.22) ml vs (560.76±220.23) ml and transfusion (3.11±1.65) U vs (6.37±2.44) U, all P<0.01; the in-hospital mortality was similar between 2 groups (62.5% vs 61.9%), P>0.05. Conclusions: "Chimney technique" of VA-ECMO improved the downstream leg ischemia and bleeding, while the in-hospital mortality was similar to direct cannulation in relevant patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the psychological factors and erectile function in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis.

METHODSWe obtained and compared the scores on the NIH scales of chronic prostatitis symptoms, anxiety, depression and erectile function among 232 refractory and medical chronic prostatitis patients who had never received any psychotherapy.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed in the scores on chronic prostatitis symptoms between the refractory and the medical chronic prostatitis groups, while the scores on anxiety and depression were significantly higher and that on erectile function significantly lower in the refractory than in the medical group (P < 0.01), with a negative correlation between the scores on the former two items and that on the latter.

CONCLUSIONObvious psychological factors exist in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis, which may affect their erectile function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; psychology ; Prostatitis ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the differential proteomics in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced by chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass-spectrometry.

METHODS2-DE was performed to separate proteins from treated and untreated human umbilical cord MSC with CoCl(2). 2-DE images were analyzed by ImageMaster 2D Platinum software 6.0. The differential expressed proteins was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential proteins were classified based on their functions.

RESULTS2-DE reference patterns of CoCl(2) treated human umbilical cord MSC were established. A total of twenty-six differential proteins were identified, of them eleven proteins were up-regulated and fifteen down-regulated. Their biological functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism and modification, lipid metabolism, coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism, cell cycle, immunity and defense, cell structure and motility, signal transduction, protein targeting and localization, neuronal activities, muscle contraction, etc. Peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx) was down-regulated, whereas alpha-enolase (ENO1) and vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (VAT1) up-regulated.

CONCLUSIONThe effects of hypoxia on human umbilical cord MSC were participated by multiple proteins and involved in multiple functional pathways.

Cobalt ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment for tibial plateau fractures.

METHODSFrom February 2003 to January 2005, a total of 26 cases with tibial plateau fractures were reviewed. There were 4 cases of type I fracture, 5 type II, 4 type III, 6 type IV, 5 type V and 2 type VI based on Schatzker criteria. Before operation, X-ray examination and CT scanning were done. During operation, the dissociative fragments were reconstructed by tractive reduction with external fixator arthroscopically and fixated with screws or plates.

RESULTSAll the fractures were healed within 1.5 - 4 months, with no severe complications such as poor wound healing, infection or osteofascial compartment syndrome. All patients that were followed up for 7 - 21 months (mean, 16 months) showed no traumatic osteoarthritis, inversion or eversion of the knee. According to the Rasmussen scoring system, the outcome was excellent in 11 cases, good in 13 and fair in 2, with total score of 27 +/- 2.

CONCLUSIONSAs for Schatzker type I - VI tibial plateau fractures, tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment is characterized by minimal invasion, fast fracture healing. It broadens operative interspace of articular cavity, improves accuracy of reduction, is beneficial for knee joint function to recover.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; External Fixators ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Traction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on T-cell proliferation and activation, as well as to examine its effect on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in T cells.

METHODST-cells isolated from BALB/c mice were incubated with UA at concentrations ranging from 5-30 μmol/L in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA plus ionomycin. The proliferation of T cells was measured by the MTT assay. The expressions of CD69, CD25, and CD71 on T-cell surface were analyzed using flow cytometry. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the culture supernatant of activated T cells was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of phosphorylated IκB-α (p-IκB-α) in total protein and p65, a subunit of NF-κB, nuclear translocation were measured by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSUA in a dose-dependent manner significantly decreased the proliferation and inhibited the surface expressions of CD69, CD25, and CD71 in murine T lymphocytes upon in vitro activation (P<0.01). Significant reduction of IL-2 production was found in activated T cells treated with UA (P<0.01). The PMA-induced increase in p-IκB-α protein was inhibited, and nuclear translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm was blocked by UA.

CONCLUSIONUA is a potent inhibitor for T cell activation and proliferation; these effects are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; secretion ; Ionomycin ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; secretion ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology