There is significant evidence to show that many neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia, who were previously diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH), actually have cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS). The critical difference between SIADH and CSWS is that CSWS involves renal salt loss leading to hyponatremia and volume loss, whereas SIADH is a euvolemic or hypervolemic condition. The primary treatment for CSWS is water and salt replacement. The mechanisms underlying CSWS are not understood but may involve ANP or other natriuretic factors and direct neural influence on renal function.

BACKGROUND:Calcaneus has its special anatomy. Moreover, it is difficult to expose the inside to the posterior side of the joint surface. Lateral calcaneal soft tissue was less. The joint surface can be clearly exposed after incision, so lateral L-shaped incision is conventionaly used in calcaneal surgery. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the suspicious factors influencing the open reduction titanium plate for calcaneal fracture and internal fixation of L-shaped wound healing during bone graft. METHODS:A total of 84 cases (94 sides) of calcaneal fractures, who were treated in the Disabled Rehabilitation Center in Liaoning Province from June 2011 to November 2014, were included in this study. They were grouped according to the source of bone graft. Alograft group contained 52 sides (44 cases). Autogenous iliac bone graft group contained 42 sides (40 cases). Operation time of calcaneus was 7-10 days after injury. L-shaped incision was made for open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate and bone graft. The patient’s age, the type of bone graft, type of drainage and drainage time that may cause theincision complications were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Among 84 cases of 94 calcaneal fractures after operation, 16sides affected complications. (2) Significant differences in the incidence of complications were detected between negative pressure drainage and skin flap drainage (P< 0.05). Negative pressure drainage had a significant effect on reducing the incidence of incision complications. (3) Significant differences in the incidenceof incision complications were determined between the alograft group and autogenous iliac bone graft group (P< 0.05). Implantation of autogenous iliac bone could significantly reduce the incidence of incision complications. (4) No significant differencewas detected between the complication group and non-complication group in age and drainage time (P> 0.05). (5) These findings indicate that 7-10 days after injury, operation after the sweling subsided completely, the negative pressure drainage, and planting autogenous iliac crest can reduce the incidence of complications related to lateral calcaneal L-shaped incision.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare aspirin chitosan-sodium alginate microcapsules(ACSPM)and to investigate its optimal formula and releasing mechanism.METHODS:The formula of ACSPM was optimized by the orthogonal design with entrapment ratio as index,and then ACSPM was prepared,with its release rate determined as well.The releasing mechanism of aspirin from the microcapsules was established by equation fitting of releasing kinetic model.RESULTS:The prepared microcapsules were uniform in size and contents.The optimized formula was as follows:the concentration of sodium polymannuronate and chitosan were 3.0% and 1.0%,respectively,and the proportion of polymannuronate to aspirin was 1∶ 4.The in vitro drug release was in line with both Higuchi equation and Peppas equation.CONCLUSION:This preparation technology was simple and the drug releasing mechanism of the preparation was chiefly characterized by drug diffusion including bulk erosion non-Fickian process.

Objective; To evaluate the influence of electrolyte's concentration at micro-arc oxide treatment on the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain. Methods; CP titanium specimens with size of 25 mm ×3 mm ×0. 5 mm were treated with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in Na_2SiO_3 solution of three different concentrations. After ultra-low-fusing porcelain was applied, a three-point-flexure-test was used to evaluate the bonding strength of titanium to porcelain. The surface of the specimens was observed by SEM and EDS, as well as the interface between titanium and porcelain. Results; The bonding strength values between titanium treated with MAO and porcelain was significantly higher then the control groups, Croup 20 g/L has the highest bonding strength values. SEM/EDS suggested that a porous thin layer of oxide which contains Si element is created by MAO, and higher concentration of Na_2SiO_3 leads to more Si element in oxide. Conclusion; MAO treating can improve the bonding strength between titanium and ceramic. Electrolyte's concentration has an effect on the bond strength between titanium and porcelain.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yichang, so that to find common allergens of Yichang and to provide statistic basis for a reasonable prevention and treatment to allergic rhinitis. METHOD: 1,979 patients with allergic rhinitis in Yichang were detected for allergens by skin prick test and the distribution of positive rates to inhaled allergens was compared between different genders and ages. RESULT: 1,545 (78.1%) of 1,979 suspected allergic rhinitis patients presented positive reaction. The positive rate in male was significantly higher than in female, and that in juvenile group was significantly higher than in adults. Among positive cases in inhalation group, the most common allergen was flour mite (80.4%), followed by house dust mite (64.9%), cockroach (13.3%) and artemisia pollen (8.2%). CONCLUSION The study shows that the flour mite and house dust mite are the most common inhaled allergens causing allergic rhinitis in Yichang. We should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment for the juvenile patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the incidence,influencing factors and clinical features of ischemic hepatitis.Methods Changes of serum transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients with shock and respiratory failure were recorded in our hospital.Ischemic hepatitis was identified according to diagnosis guidelines,and its incidence was counted.Clinical data of patients with ischemic hepatitis were recorded.Results There were 53 cases diagnosed as ischemic hepatitis in 317 severe patients,including hemorrhagic shock,heart failure,respiratory failure,et al.The incidence was high in elderly patients aged over 70 years and male.Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),AST and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased 1-3 days after shock and respiratory failure,then reached to peak value 1-5 days [averaged (3.35±0.89) days] after shock and respiratory failure.Serum ALT was 869-4354 U/L,AST was 773-4833U/L and LDH was 1021-2662 U/L.Total bilirubin level was increased in 16 cases and the total bilirubin was 14-54 μmol/L.AST was declined to a point within 2 times the upper limit of normal range after 9-16 days,averaged (13± 1.6) days.Elevated transaminase level had no correlation with sex,age and pre-existing liver diseases.The time of enzyme changes had no correlation with sex but age and liver diseases.Patients aged ≥ 70 years had later AST peak and the recovery time was longer than younger patients (P＜0.01).Conclusions Ischemic hepatitis occurs mainly in men and elderly people.But advanced age and underlying liver diseases can affect the recovery time of transaminase in patients with ischemic hepatitis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Naikan cognitive therapy(NCT) for alcohol dependent patients.Methods 64 cases of alcohol-dependent patients were randomly assigned to the study group (32 cases) and the control group (32 cases).The study group was treated with NCT for successive 7 days on the basis of taking original drugs; and the control group was only given the original drug therapy.The obsessive compulsive drinking scale (OCDS),self-report symptom inventory(SCL-90),nurses observation scale for inpatient evaluation(NOSIE) were administered to all subjects at pre-and post-treatment.Results ①After the treatments,the scores of OCDS in study group (49.51 ± 1.63) were lower than that in control group(53.92 ± 1.82),and the statistical difference had the significance (P ＜ 0.01).②After the treatments,the total scores and some factor scores of SCL-90 in study group were lower than in control group (t =-2.413,P =0.019 ; t =-2.033,P =0.047 ; t =-2.065,P =0.044 ; t =-2.038,0.046),and the difference was statistically significant.③After the treatments,in the study group,the scores of the total estimated factor and total positive factor(187.10 ± 18.80;78.51 ±12.22) were higher than in control group (175.51 ± 11.71 ; 68.22 ± 11.87),total negative factor score (15.55 ±9.46) were lower than in control group (20.51 ± 9.33),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion NCT can effectively inhibit alcohol craving,and reduce the drinking wine relevant questions.It can help to improve psychological symptoms in patients with alcohol dependence,especially depression and anxious symptoms.

Objective To investigate the amounts of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in peripheral blood of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods Forty patients with PDR(PDR group),thirty patmnts with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)without DR(DM group),and twenty agematched normal subjects(control group)were enrolled in this study.Blood samples were treated bv repeated centrifugation and stained with monoclonal antibodies.At least 2 × 105 cells were analyzed bv flow cytometry.EPCs were identified by CD34 and CD133 antibody.The correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration,glycosylated hemoglobin,serum lipids was analyzed.Results The number of EPCs in PDR,DM and control group were(49±12)、(35±11)、(90±25)cells/ml respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=56.260,P=0.000).There was a positive correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration(r=0.564,P＜0.05).However there was no correlation between EPCs numbers and glycosylated hemoglobin(r=-0.170,P>0.05)or triglyceride levels(r=0.261,P>0.05).Conclusions The number of EPCs in peripheral blood of PDR patients was decreased. EPCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.

Background The retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mouse is a newly discovered naturally occurring recessive animal model with lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcatl) mutation.Previous studies showed that the photoreceptor cells are characterized by typical rod-cone degeneration pattern in rd1 1 mice,while cone degeneration pattern in rd11 mice is unclcar.Objective Using immunofluorescence staining techniques with retinal wholemount,we aim to clarify the degeneration patterns of cone-function related M-opsin or S-opsin in different ages of rd1 1 mice.Methods A total of thirty rd1 1 and C57BL/6J mice at postnatal (P) day 14,28,42 (five in each age group) were sacrificed and retinal wholemounts were prepared.Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the expression of M-opsin or S-opsin in retinal wholemounts,which were photographed with a fluorescent microscope.Cone opsins were compared between rd1 1 retinas and age-matched normal C57BL/6J retinas by manually counting the opsin positive cone cells in different quadrants of the retinas.Results The number of M-opsin or S-opsin positive fluorescent dots in each quadrant was similar at all ages of normal C57BL/6J retina.M-opsin positive fluorescent dots in dorsal/temporal,ventral/temporal,dorsal/nasal and ventral/nasal quadrants of rdl 1 retina at P28 were (414±32),(300± 8),(324 ± 22) and (250± 20)/0.037 mm2,which were lower than the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice (t =4.114,15.225,7.505,17.990,all at P＜0.05).At the same time the S-opsin positive fluorescent dots in P28 rd11 were (8 ±4),(175 ± 16),(74 ± 13) and (315 ±20)/0.037 mm2,with significant decrease in comparison with those in the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice (t =8.555,17.076,21.637,13.498,all at P＜0.05).With the development of retinal degeneration in rd11 mice,the M-opsin degeneration spread from central to ventral,nasal and then to temporal and dorsal peripheral retina;and the S-opsin loss started from dorsal/temporal to ventral/nasal retina.Conclusions Most of the M-opsin and S-opsins,especially the S-opsins in rd11 mice,degenerate in 6 weeks.Retinal wholemount and cone opsin immunofluorescent staining provide a useful tool to show the cone degeneration pattern and to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency in ongoing gene therapy study.

The vascular architecture of the adult man testis was examined by using thevascular casting method combined with scanning electron microscopy.The circuitousmain branches of testicular artery ran radially from testicular porta towards testicu-lar free border in tunica vasculosa.The test(?)cular surface veins were accompaniedby the main branches of testicular artery and they converged from testicular circum-ference circuitously towards testicular porta.There were centripetal artery andvein as well as centrifugal artery and vein in the septula testis.The intertubularblood vessels and the peritubular capillary plexus were contained in the testicularlobules.The latter was made up of two capillary layers.The outer layer was capil-lary network interwined in fine capillaries.The inner layer was coarse capillarycircles.The interstitial capillary plexus was situated in interstitial tissue between theseminiferous tubules and compose of capillaries arising from the origin of someperitubular capillaries.