Most of the soil microorganisms are unculturable,which limits the exploitation and application of microbial resources.Metagenomics has great potential in the research of unculturable microorganisms in soil.Progress on the research of metagenomic DNA purification,metagenomic library construction and screening of soil microorganisms are reviewed briefly.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods105 diabetic patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (34 cases, treated with intravenous injection of cerebroprotein hydrolysate), standard control group (38 cases, treated with intramuscular injection of Metrycobal combined with intravenous injection of Actovegin) and blank control group (33 cases, treated with oral vitamin B1, B6, B12). Curative effects of three groups were evaluated.ResultsIt was shown that intravenous injection of cerebropotein hydrolysate could improve patients' symptoms, raised speed of nerve conduction and its curative effect was as same as intramuscular injection of Metrycobal combined with intravenous injection of Actovegin.ConclusionIntravenous injection of cerebropotein hydrolysate has a curation effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To explore influencing factors for complete resection and operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) for colorectal tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 95 consecutive colorectal tumors in 88 patients whose pathological diagnosis was adenoma and carcinoma, treated with ESD at the Department of Endoscopy of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the factors related to complete resection and operation time. Results Average tumor size was 28. 7±14. 1 mm(range,8?80 mm), and the average procedure time was 80. 72±63. 90 min. The rate of complete resection was 92. 6%(88/95),and the rate of incomplete resection was 7. 4%(7/95). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fibrosis (P=0. 012,OR=52. 473, 95%CI:2. 571?1140. 438) contributed to incomplete resection. Fibrosis ( P=0. 001, OR=0. 045, 95%CI:0. 007?0. 289) ,tumor size ( P=0. 035,OR=0. 170, 95%CI:0. 033?0. 884) ,granular?type laterally spreading tumor ( P=0. 013, OR=34. 432, 95%CI:2. 138?554. 476 ) , non?granular?type laterally spreading tumor(P=0. 044,OR=31. 715, 95%CI:1. 093?919. 904) were independent factors for extending operation time of colorectal ESD. Conclusion The severer fibrosis can induce higher rate of incomplete resection. The more severe fibrosis is, the larger tumor size is, and the longer operation time is.

A sesquiterpene synthase (AsSS4) full-length open reading frame (ORF) cDNA was cloned from wounded stems of Aquilaria sinensis by RT-PCR method. The result showed that the ORF of AsSS4 was 1,698 bp encoding 565 amino acids. Prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-AsSS4 was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant AsSS4 protein was obtained after induction by IPTG and SDS-PAGE analysis with a MW of 64 kD. Enzymatic reactions using farnesyl pyrophosphate showed that recombinant AsSS4 protein purified by Ni-agarose gel yielded five sesquiterpene compounds, cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2, 4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, β-elemene, α-guaiene, α-caryophyllene and δ-guaiene. This paper reported the first cloning and functional characterization of AsSS4 gene from A. sinensis, which will establish a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of wound-induce agarwood formation in A. sinensis
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Azulenes ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Escherichia coli ; Open Reading Frames ; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Sesquiterpenes ; metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane ; Thymelaeaceae ; enzymology ; genetics

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; surgery ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the intestinal mucosal permeability in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.Methods Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were evenly divided into healthy control group,model group and anti-TNF-α treated group.The mice of model group and anti-TNF-α treated group were fed with 5％DSS solution for 7 days.The mice of anti-TNF-α treated group were injected anti-TNF-α (5 mg/kg)intraperitoneally on the first and fourth day; control group and model group were substituted with equal volume saline injection.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days after modeling.The disease activity index (DAI) score was evaluated everyday.The intestinal permeability was examined by Evan′s blue (EB) method and FITC-dextran (FITC-D) method.The colon tissue was collected for observation under microscope and histological index (HI).The small intestinal tissues were examined under electron microscope.The 10％ homogenate of colon and intestinal mucosa was prepared,the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO),the content of TNF-α and epithelial myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) concentration were determined with kits respectively.The expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa was tested by Western blot assay.Single factor of variance between groups were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,the DAI of model group increased daily.Compared with model group,the DAI of anti-TNF-α treated group improved.In model group,mice intestinal epithelial cells junctional complex shortened and widened and the cell gap expanded.In anti-TNF-α treated group,the connection structure of mice intestinal epithelial cells was tighter.The activity of HI and MPO and the content of TNF-α of model group were higher than those of control group (P ＝ 0.008,0.006 and 0.001,respectively),all of those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower than those of model group (P=0.004,0.008 and 0.005,respectively).The F value of three groups was 131.98,218.28 and 58.93,respectively.The contents of EB in mice intestinal wall and serum FITC-D of model group were higher than those of control group (P=0.003 and 0.010),and those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower model group (P＝0.001 and 0.009).The F value of three groups was 69.36 and 17.96.The MLCK concentration in mice intestinal mucosa of model group [(71.10± 7.52) ng/g] was higher than that of control group [(18.56±9.92) ng/g,P＜0.01],that of anti-TNF-α treated group [(37.56±15.84) ng/g] was lower than model group (P=0.008),and the difference among these three groups was statistically significant (F＝ 17.23).The Western blot results indicated the expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa of model group was higher than that of control group,and that of anti-TNF-α treated group was lower than model group.Conclusions Anti-TNF-α play an important role in improving colitis,and the intestinal mucosal permeability.The mechanism may be related with the regulation of MLCK expression.

ObjectiveTo discuss the diagnostic value of MRI in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods All SUI patients underwent pelvic MRI examination.The 16 patients mean age was 58 years (range,48 -66 years),disease course was 6 years (range,2 -15 years).All patients underwent transobturator tension-free tape (TOT) procedures.The 28 volunteers with no pelvic diseases were set as control,Mean age was 45 years (range,30 -55 years).Results28 Volunteers' urethral support ligaments appeared as low signal intensity broad linear structures in both T1 WI and T2WI images.Display rate:periurethral ligament was 89％ (25 cases) ; paraurethral ligament was 75％ (21 cases),unilateral 25％ (7 cases) ; pubourethral ligament,in each distal 100％ (near,28 cases),10％(medium,3 cases),7％ (distal,2 cases); suburethral ligament was 100％(28 cases). Levator ani muscle in T1WI,T2WI showed Moderate- intensity signal and the display rate was 100％.16 SUI patients showed varyious degrees of laxity and rupture of urethral supporting ligaments which occurred in one group (4 cases) or multi-group (12 cases) ligaments.The ligament laxity showed that periurethral ligament 14 cases,paraurethral ligament 2 cases and proximal pubourethral ligament 10 cases.The ligament rupture was seen in periurethral ligament 2 cases,paraurethral ligament 5 cases,pubourethral ligament 6 cases and suburethral ligament 7 cases.16 patients showed a relaxation of the levator ani muscle changes,including 4 cases with cervical and vaginal wall prolapsed.Conclusions MRI could clearly show the weak of support structures around the urethra in female SUI patients,and showed the cervical and vaginal prolapsed.Therefore,MRI may provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the MRI value in changes of mid-urethral ligament injury offemale stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsComparison of MRI changes of mid-urethral ligament on 30 healthy female volunteers and 20 female SUI patients.Chi-square test was used to compare the form of SUI patient's mid-urethral support ligaments Results The female nid-urethral support ligaments were composed of 4 groups of ligaments,including the periurethral ligament and pubourethral ligaments (1 pair),and at both sides of the urethra's paraurethral ligaments (1 pair) and suburethral ligament lying dorsal urethra,connecting the urethra and pelvic arcus tendinous fasciae.In normal MRI,ligament was a thin strip and showed low signal on both T1WI and T2WI,T2WI sagittal and cross-section scan was the best combination to show the middle urethral support ligaments changes,with tension;6 patients (20％) in the 30 patients normal control group could be seen tortuously and slack like around the urethra ligaments.Twenty SUI patients mid-urethral support ligaments were performance laxity or rupture,rates were 39％ (47/120) and 42％ (50/120) (x2 =43.191,P ＜ 0.05 ).On T2WI,the ligamentous laxity was floating,and losstension,also could performance one side extension and thinner than the other side.The ligament rupture was performance of the signal interruption,ligament contracture and one end of liganent attachment points separation.ConclusionMRIcanobjectiveeffectiveevaluatethemid-urethralsupportligaments' pathological changes in stress urinary incontinence patients.

Objective To evaluate the changes of the waveform of the photopic negative response in flash-electroretinogram, visual acuity and central retinal thickness in the treatment of intravitreal injections of bevacizumub. Design Retrospective self-comparative case series. Partidpants 8 subjects (9 eyes) with exudative age-related macular degeneration and 3 subjects (3eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Method Evaluation protocol included examinations of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy study visual acu-ity, visual field, intraocular pressure, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and flash-electroretinogram. Intravit-real injections of bevacizumab, 1.25 mg (0.05ml), were given under an operating microscope and aseptic conditions. All the subjects were followed-up one month later. Main outcome Measure The amplitudes of PhNR, visual acuity and central retinal thickness. Re-sult At 1 months, the mean amplitudes of PhNR and mean visual acuity in all cases had no obvious change (n=12, P>0.05).The central retinal thickness reduced obviously (n=12, P<0.05), but it was neither significantly correlated with PhNR (r=0.294, P=0.145) nor with visual acuity(r=-0.358, P=0.073). Conclusion The single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab is showed promising in absorption of in-traretinal edema and subretinal fluid in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but the changes of visual function (including PhNR) might need further investigation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 243-246)