Objective To investigate the protection of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) against ischemia reperfusion injury by liver graft in rats.Method The experimental rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation was set up according to Kamada's technique and the rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal saline control group(group N),PNS preconditioning group(group P) and sham-operated groups(group S).The expression levels of NF-?B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and the filtration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs) was measured with myeloperoxidase(MPO) enzyme method in 2h,6h and 24h after ischemia reperfusion respectively.The activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the serum were also detected.Result The activation of NF-?B in group N increased significantly at 2h after reperfusion and then decreased.The expression level of ICAM-1 increased significantly at 2h after reperfusion,and reached its peak level at 6h in group N.The expression level of ICAM-1 was significantly lower in group P than that in group N(P

Objective To investigate the value of DWI before treatment on predicting sensitivity of concurrent chemoradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Seventy patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma proved by nasopharyngoscope and biopsy pathology conducted DWI before concurrent chemoradiation and reexamined on receiving dose of 50 Gy.The mean, maximum and minimum ADC value of tumor were measured on DWI and maximum area of tumor before and during treatment ( on dose of 50 Gy) was delineated to calculate the tumor regression rate ( RS0-50 ).The patients were classified into three groups according to the RS0-50 as sensitive, moderate, and resistant therapeutic effect.Patients were classified into different groups according to the pathologic type and clinical stage respectively .Spearman correlation analysis was used between RS 0-50 and ADC values of all tumors , different pathologic types and clinical stages , respectively.ROC was used to evaluate the cutoff and value of ADC which had highest correlation to RS0-50 on predicting therapeutic effect.Results DWI of 3 patients were excluded due to obvious swallow artifact which influenced the measurement , and finally 67 patients were included in this study, with pathological type of nonkeratinized differentiated undifferentiated carcinoma in 49 cases, nonkeratinized undifferentiated carcinoma in 18 cases, clinical T1 stage in 7 cases, T2 in 14 cases, T3 in 17 cases and T4 in 29 cases.During treatment , there were 13 cases with sensitive therapeutic effect , 42 cases with moderate therapeutic effect and 12 cases with resistant therapeutic effect.RS0-50 [ ( 65.6 ± 3.1) %] showed mildly and moderately negative correlation to mean ADC [(1.06 ±0.19) ×10 -3 mm2/s] and maximum ADC [(1.29 ±0.33) ×10 -3 mm2/s] respectively ( r =-0.276, P =0.024 and r =-0.434, P=0.001, respectively).ROC showed when setting threshold at maximum ADC value of lower than 1.06 ×10 -3 mm2/s for predicting sensitive therapeutic effect , the specificity , sensitivity , and accuracy was 69.2%(9/13), 88.9%(48/54) and 85.1% (57/67), respectively, and when setting threshold at maximum ADC value of higher than and equal to 1.30 ×10 -3 mm2/s for predicting resistant therapeutic effect, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy was 75.0% (9/12), 65.5% (36/55) and 67.2%(45/67), respectively.Conclusion Pretreatment maximum ADC value were able to predict the tumor regression rate and sensitivity of concurrent chemoradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma .

AlM: To research the characteristics of positive relative accommodation ( PRA) , negative relative accommodation (NRA) and PRA/NRA ratio in myopes. To analyze the relationship among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree, years and habbits of wearing glasses, myopia development, and pupil diameter.METHODS: Aretrospective study of ninety eyes in the 180 th Hospital of Quanzhou from August 2014 to December 2014. PRA, NRA and PRA/NRA ratio were compared among low, moderate, high myopes and emmetropes. The correlation were analyzed among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree, years and habbits of wearing glasses, myopia development and pupil diameter. PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, years and habbits of wearing glasses and pupil diameter were compared between progress group and non-progress group.RESULTS: ( 1 ) Without statistical differences in age, sex and intraocular pressure, PRA and PRA/NRA ratio of myopes were lower than emmetropes, while NRA was higher. (2) Without statistical differences in age, sex and intraocular pressure, PRA, PRA/NRA ratio and NRA had no statistical differences while years and habbits of wearing glasses had statistical differences among low, moderate, high myopes. ( 3 ) With longer years of wearing glasses, PRA, PRA/NRA ratio were larger and NRA, pupils were smaller. ( 4 ) Without statistical differences in age, diopter and intraocular pressure, one group which were not easy to deepen degree had more often-wear-glasses myopia patiens and longer years of wearing glasses, the other group which were easy to deepen degree had more seldom-wear-glasses myopia patiens and shorter years of wearing glasses.CONCLUSlON: PRA and PRA/NRA ratio of myopes were lower than emmetropes, while NRA was higher. No correlated relation was detected among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree and myopia development. lt suggests the onset and progress of myopia are related to many factors. Wearing-glass timely and accurately can release the decline of PRA and PRA/NRA ratio and slow down degree development in myopes.

Objective To provide a scientific reference for the choice of antimicrobial drugs by analyzing the distributions and the antimicrobial resistances of Carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR‐AB) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus au‐reus (MRSA) in the Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital .Methods All the CR‐AB and the MRSA isolated from hospitalized pa‐tients from January 2011 to March 2014 were collected and analyzed .Use the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial resistance tes‐ting .Results A total of 170 CR‐AB strains and 168 MRSA strains were isolated .CR‐AB mainly distributed in the ICU ,which ac‐counting for 61 .17% (104/170) .MRSA mainly isolated in neurosurgery ,about 27 .98% (47/168) .67 .06% of CR‐AB strains and 54 .17% of MRSA strains were from Sputum specimens .The antimicrobial resistance rate of CR‐AB to most antimicrobial drugs were reached 50 .00% ,the resistance rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam (27 .65% ) ,minocycline (21 .18% ) ,amikacin (19 .41% ) and tobramycin (12 .35% ) were all less than 30 .00% ,the strain that resistant to polymyxin was not found .The sensitivity rates of MR‐SA to linezolid ,vancomycin ,and tigecycline were 100 .00% ,and the resistance rates to nitrofurantoin and kuinuputing/ dalfopristin were low (less than 2 .00% ) .Conclusion The antimicrobial resistances of CR‐AB and MRSA are serious .In order to control effec‐tively the spreading of CR‐AB ,MRSA and other multi‐drug resistant bacteria ,it′s necessary for us to strengthen the management of key departments ,and select antimicrobial drugs based on the results of drug susceptibility testing .

Objective To evaluate 3.0T MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC value in diagnosis, histological grade, tumor staging and short-time therapeutic outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCC). Methods DWI of 51 patients of CCRCC confirmed with surgery and pathology were retrospectively reviewed. ADC values of tumors and the corresponding areas of lateral normal renal parenchyma were measured. Taking ADC value at 1.8×10~(-3) mm~2/s as a cut-off value, the patients were divided into two groups. The tumors' histological grade, T-staging, clinical staging, tumor short-term control rate within 1 year follow-up were compared between the two groups with statistical test. Results Statistical difference of ADC value was observed between CCRCC ([1.778±0.582]×10~(-3) mm~2/s) and those of normal renal parenchyma ([2.314±0.223]×10~(-3) mm~2/s) (P<0.01). ADC values of 24 patients were less than 1.8×10~(-3) mm~2/s and those of 27 patients were more than or equal to 1.8×10~(-3) mm~2/s. There were statistical differences in histological grade, T-staging, clinical staging, tumor short-term control rate within 1 year follow-up between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion 3.0T MR DWI can accurately differentiate CCRCC from normal renal parenchyma. Quantitative analysis of ADC value is helpful to evaluate the histological grade, tumor staging and short-term therapeutic outcome of CCRCC.

Objective To evaluate 3.0T MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC value in diagnosis of different pathological types and grades of malignant renal tumors. Methods DWI images of 66 patients of malignant renal tumors proved pathologically were retrospectively reviewed. ADC values of tumors and the corresponding areas of lateral normal renal parenchyma were measured and analyzed statistically. Results There was significant difference between the mean ADC value of malignant renal carcinomas ([1.653±0.598]×10~(-3) mm~2/s) and that of normal renal parenchyma ([2.305±0.218]×10~(-3) mm~2/s, P<0.001). ROC curve showed that taking ADC value of lower than 2.0×10~(-3) mm~2/s as a threshold for diagnosing renal malignant tumor, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy was 93.94%, 71.21% and 82.58%, respectively. Statistical differences were found between clear cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma (P=0.001), as well as clear cell carcinoma grade Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P=0.002), grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P=0.004) respectively. However, no statistical difference was observed between grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P=1.000). Conclusion 3.0T MR DWI can be used in diagnosis of malignant renal tumors, and ADC value may help to differentiate the pathological type and grade.

Objective To evaluate the value of MR and CT examinations in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and compare 2008 staging system with 1992 staging system and 2002 UICC staging system for NPC. Methods MR and CT images of seventy-six cases with NPC were studied. According to 2008 staging system and taking MR as a standard, differences between these two examinations were evaluated under the new NPC staging system, and three staging system were compared by MR findings. Results MR was inconsistent with CT in eveluating invasion of medial pterygoid muscle(22,24 cases), lateral pterygoid muscle( 15, 11 cases), skull base(35, 32 cases) and intracranial fossa( 11,6 cases), but no statistical diffence existed ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). There were statistical difference ( P ＜ 0. 05 )between MR and CT in determining invasion of parapharyngeal space( 50, 61 cases), retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis(48, 23 cases), stage T1 (18, 11 cases), T2 (15, 22 cases), N0 (18, 24 cases) and N1(33, 27 cases) with differences of 11 cases, 25 cases, 7 cases, 7 cases, 6 cases and 6cases respectively.For invasion of parapharyngeal space, CT showed 11 cases more than MR while 5 cases were comfirmed as compression by local tumor and 6 cases were proved as retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis according to MR. For retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis, MR presented 25 cases more than CT. These two reasons above mainly caused the differences of T-staging and N-staging. For 2008 staging system, when compared with 1992 staging system, there were 9 cases upstaging and 1 case downstaging in T classification, 16 cases upstaging in N classification, and 15 cases upstaging and 1 case downstaging in clinical classification; and when compared with 2002 UICC staging system, there were 7 cases, 10 cases and 12 cases upstaging in T,N, and clinical staging respectively. Conclusions Compared with MR examination which was regarded as standard by 2008 staging system of NPC, there were some differences in demonstrating invasion of parapharyngeal space and retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis by CT. Compared to 1992 staging system and 2002 UICC staging system, 2008 staging system mainly made T and N classification of tumor upstage,resulting in upstaging in clinical classification.

OBJECTIVEThis paper aimed to determine the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12) p35, IL-12p40, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATcl), receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in murine macrophages infected by a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. Another aim was to investigate the effects of a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid on the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts.

METHODSInflammatory periodontal tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients were taken during periodontal flap surgery, and healthy gingival tissue samples were taken from orthodontic patients during tooth extractions. Total RNA from periodontal tissue was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA and then cryo-preserved until further use. First, specific sequence oligodeoxynucleotide MT0I at a concentration of 1 µg · mL⁻¹ was added in murine macrophage RAW264.7, and the cells were incubated for 3 hours. Cells with PBS (1 µg · mL⁻¹) were used as negative controls. The inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA and healthy periodontal tissue cDNA (1 µg · mL⁻¹) was added subsequently. There were four experimental groups: healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+ RAW264.7, inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, MT01+healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, and MT01+inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p4O, MMP-9, NFATcl, RANK, and TNF-α mRNA after 3, 6, 12, and 24-hours.

RESULTSThe mRNA levels of osteoclast-related factors NFATc1, MMP-9, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and RANK in RAW264.7 were markedly upregulated with the treatment of periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. However, the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors was inhibited by use of an immunosuppressant MT01.

CONCLUSIONThe periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid could promote the differentiation of murine macrophage into osteoclasts.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To study incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the acute phase and follow-up period after stroke, and to investigate risk factors of DVT. Methods This was a prospective study at multi-centers. Ultrasonography was used for detecting DVT on both lower extremities in all patients at 10-14 days after the onset of stroke. All patients were followed up for 6 months after discharge. The incidence of DVT was examined in the acute phase and in the follow-up period of stroke. A variety of patient and treatment related factors were compared between stroke patients with DVT and without DVT to identify DVT risk factors. Results The incidence of DVT in the acute period of stroke was 4. 49%. Among DVT patients, 51.6% patients presented clinical DVT symptoms. By multiple factors logistic regression analysis,age ( ≥70 years, OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.08-2. 84), bedridden( OR =4. 85, 95% CI 2.65-9. 68 ), wells score ≥ 2 ( OR = 3.96, 95% CI 1.86-7. 86 ), lower limbs NIHSS score ≥ 3 ( OR = 4. 56, 95% CI 2. 07-8. 85 ), high D-dimer ( OR = 3.45, 95% CI 2. 01-8. 52 ), low BI scores ( OR = 2. 98, 95% CI 1.52-6. 47 ), rehabilitation therapy ( OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.22-3.43 ) and anticoagulant therapy ( OR =1.91,95% CI 1. 34-4. 92 ) were independent risk factors of DVT in the acute phase of stroke. Among them, the rehabilitation therapy and anticoagulant therapy were protective factors. The incidence of DVT in the follow-up periods was 1. 51%. Age ( ≥ 70 years, OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.21-3.98 ), bedridden after discharge( OR = 5. 12, 95% CI 2. 82-11.32), lower limbs NIHSS score ≥3 ( OR = 4. 25, 95% CI 2. 11-7. 87), low BI score( OR = 2. 18, 95% CI 1.18-6.23 )at the time of discharge and DVT in acute period (OR =3.81,95%CI 1.87-7.48)were independent risk factors of DVT in the follow-up period of stroke.Conclusions Stroke patients, particularly old-aged stroke patients, are a high-risk group of developing DVT. 48.4% DVT patients had no clinical DVT symptoms but were diagnosed only by ultrasonography.There are multiple independent risk factors of DVT after stroke. It is necessary to monitor and prevent DVT in the stroke patients with the risk factors. The rehabilitation therapy and anticoagulant therapy may decrease incidence of DVT.

Objective To study the DCE-MRI findings of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 26 new patients di-agnosed laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer by pathology were collected and took DCE-MRI before therapy.The TIC type,ADC value,peak time (Tpeak),peak signal enhancement percentage (SERmax),positive enhancement integral(PEI),maximum slope of increase(MSI)and maximum slope of decrease(MSD)were obtained respectively.These semi-quantitative parameters of primary cancer,normal pharyngeal tissue and the same layer neck muscles were compared and P <0.05 was considered statistical signifi-cance.Results The TIC types for primary tumor including type Ⅰ(5),type Ⅱ(6),type Ⅲ(1 5),a significant difference of Tpeak、MSI、MSD were observed(P < 0.05 )no difference in ADC values (P > 0.05 )was found.Different b values (b = 300 s/mm2 , 500 s/mm2 )for ADC values were significantly different.There was statistical significance in semi-parameters among the primary cancer,normal pharyngeal wall tissue and the same layer neck muscles.Setting MSI value 58.32 threshold to distinguish abnormal and normal tissues,sensitivity and specificity both were 84.6%.Conclusion DCE-MRI can reflect morphology and signal differences among neck muscles,normal and abnormal laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tissues,providing help for diagnosis of primary carcino-ma.