Objective: To discuss the feasibility of a new method to evaluate wearing simulators,and to investigate the feasibility of specimens' depth loss as the index of the materials' wearing resistance.Methods: Two commercial composite resins(SureFil and Spectrum TPH) were selected.The specimens were subjected to 100,200,300,400,500,800,1200,1 600 and 2 000 cycles wearing in the CW3-1 wearing system.Wearing was determined quantitatively by weighing the specimen and measuring the height of the specimen,volume loss(mm 3) and height loss(?m) were calculated.Previous clinical study results on SureFil and Spectrum TPH conducted at Hong Kong University were used to examine the relationship between clinical wearing and laboratory wearing.The difference of the wearing resistance between the two materials and the Pearson correlation of the height loss and the volume loss were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 15.0.Results: The wearing resistance of the two materials was significant difference(P

Objective To investigate the possible pathway of FITC-dextran to the cochlea after post-aural injection.Methods The FITC-dextran(weight between 3 000~5 000) was chosen as a tracer in this study.A total of 200 suckling mice were randomly divided into four groups, with 50 in each group.Each animal was then administered with FITC-dextran or dextran via either post-auricular or intra-muscular injection, to a total dose of 20 μl (5 mg/ml).Samples were obtained at 0, 1/12, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, and 24 hours after adminstmiceion, and the confocal technique was used to observe the distribution of the tracer.Taking into consideration the influence of spontaneous fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the experimental and control groups was used as the final statistical data.Results FITC-dextran injected intramuscularly group: The fluorescence signal can be detected in the sigmoid sinus(SS) 3h after management, while in endolymphatic sac and cochlea at 12 h.FITC-dextran injected post-aurally group: After administration, an obvious fluorescence signal could be observed in the sigmoid sinus and endolymphatic sac immediately, cochlea at 30 min.The signal of the sigmoid sinus, endolymphatic sac and cochlea gradually increased successively, peaked at 5~15 min, 30 min and 60 min, and then decreased gradually.At 12 h, another small increases appeared, and the signal could not be detected at 24 h.Conclusion Compared with intramuscularly application, post-auricular injection can allow the drug to directly reach the endolymph.It is possible that the tracer first gathered in the SS via local blood circulation or infiltration, then entered the ES via micro-circulation around, and eventually arrived at the cochlea.

The voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.7 is highly expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and is a key pathogenic target in several human hereditary pain syndromes. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that Nav1.7 plays an important role in inflammatory, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Therefore, targeting Nav1.7 is a new strategy and hotspot for the development of novel analgesics. This review introduces the structure and function of Nav1.7, its regulatory role in pain, highlights the development progress of small-molecule Nav1.7 inhibitors in clinical trials, and analyzes the preclinical development of highly specific Nav1.7 inhibitors, with a view to providing reference for the development of Nav1.7 analgesic drugs.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement for acute cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 85 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group by random numbers, with 43 cases in the observation group and 42 cases in the control group. The observation group was treated with Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement;while the control group was treated with Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position. The treatment was performed once a day, 10 times as a treatment course. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 1 treatment course, and the changes in the scores of visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were observed. Results: The total effective rate was 97.7% in the observation group, and 83.3% in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After treatment, the VAS and NDI scores of both groups were significantly decreased (both P＜0.01), and the differences in the VAS and NDI scores between the two groups were statistically significant (both P＜0.01). Conclusion: Both Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement and Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position can relieve pain and improve cervical function in patients with acute cervical radiculopathy, and Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement can produce more significant efficacy than Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position.

AIMTo examine the liver mechanism with which clenbuterol is explained how to affect growth metabolism.

METHODSTwenty-four adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, a control and two treatment groups. The technique of isolated perfused rat liver in vitro was used to study the effects of clenbuterol on urea nitrogen concentration of perfused medium, GPT activity and synthesis and secretion of IGF-I in isolated perfused rat liver.

RESULTSUrea-nitrogen concentration of perfused medium was significantly affected by clenbuterol in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The urea-nitrogen level was decreased by 15.02% (P > 0.05),17.97% (P > 0.05), 26.76% (P < 0.05) and 30.08% (P < 0.01) for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h after administering clenbuterol at the dose of 1 x 10(-6) mol/L, respectively, compared to that of control. 1 x 10(-8) mol/L CL had the similar effect on urea-nitrogen level. GTP activity of isolated perfused rat liver was inhibited by clenbuterol. The enzyme activity was decreased by 24.65% (P < 0.05) at the dose of 1 10(-6) mol/L CL in clenbuterol-treated 4h. The production and secretion of IGF-I were also influenced by clenbuterol in isolated perfused rat liver. IGF-I concentration of rat liver was increased by 19.77% (P < 0.05) in 4 h clenbuterol treatment (1 x 10(-6) mol/L). Meanwhile, IGF-I concentration of perfusion medium was also elevated though the difference was not significant compared with control.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that clenbuterol may improve growth metabolism by means of increasing nitrogen retention and enhancing IGF-I production and secretion of rat liver.

Animals ; Clenbuterol ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo examine the liver mechanism with which clenbuterol (CL) is explained how to affect growth metabolism.

METHODSThe technique of chronic poly catheter was used to study the effects of CL (0.8 mg/kg b w) on the hepatic flux of nitrogen, VFA and glucose in 4 sheep.

RESULTSThe urea-nitrogen flux in CL-treated period always was lower than that in control during 24 h. The average flux of urea-nitrogen in hepatic and portal vein were decreased by 16.86% (P < 0.01) and 15.51% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with that of control. The peptide level in hepatic vein was decreased with the treatment of CL, average flux of peptide was decreased by 38.71% (P < 0.01). But the peptide level of portal vein in CL treatment period was similar to control. Moreover, VFA level in the portal vein was enhanced by CL, the average flux of acetate in portal vein was increased by 19.49% (P < 0.01). No difference of VFA level in hepatic vein was noted between CL-treated period and control. In addition, the glucose flux in hepatic vein was obviously increased with CL treatment, the average flux of glucose was increased by 25.96% (P < 0.01). And glucose flux in portal vein was also elevated during CL-treated period.

CONCLUSIONCL can affect growth metabolism of animal with increasing nitrogen deposition, improving absorption and utilization of VFA and enhancing glucose synthesis in sheep liver.

Animals ; Clenbuterol ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Sheep

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effecacy of cochlear implantation (CI) improving hearing of Lermoyez's syndrome, we retrospectively analyzed a case of Lermoyez's syndrome whose left ear was extremely severe sensorineural deafness and right ear was severe sensorineural deafness. METHOD: The patient had completed preoperative audiological examination , vestibular function and imaging examination, then was carried out bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression and left side CI. Follow up after the surgery. RESULT: The vertigo could be controlled very well after the bilateral endolymphatic sac decompression surgery, but the hearing loss couldn't be control, so CI was carried out to improve hearing and speech recognition rate. The contralateral hearing also improved significantly after the operation. CONCLUSION Endolymphatic sac decompression can effectively control. Ménière's disease in patients with vertigo attacks. CI can improve patients' hearing, and speech recognition rate and, also could improve the quality of life. CI was the first choice for the patient of 4 stage Ménière's disease.
Cochlear Implantation ; Deafness ; Decompression, Surgical ; Ear, Inner ; Endolymphatic Sac ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertigo

OBJECTIVE: To compare the vertigo controlling situation between the endolymphatic sac decompression(ELSD) and semicircular canal occlusion (SCO) in stage 4 Ménière disease. METHOD: Fourteen patients who underwent endolymphatic sac decompression and 9 patients who underwent semicircular canal occlusion from 2009 to 2013 were followed. All patients has complete preoperative examination and postoperative follow-up. RESULT: The vetigo control of the patients underwent endolymphatic sac decompression: completely control 35.7%; basic control 28.6%; partly control 14.3%; the vetigo control of the patients underwent semicircular canal occlusion: completely control 88.9%; basic control 11.1%. CONCLUSION ELSD and SCO are alternative methods for the patients of stage 4. SCO has a much highter complete vertigo control rate. For the patients without practical listening, SCO is a better choice.
Endolymphatic Sac ; surgery ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; surgery ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Semicircular Canals ; surgery ; Vertigo ; surgery

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in breast cancer tissues,as well as the relationship between COX-2 and the clinicopathological features.Method The expression of COX-2 was detected in 60 cases of breast cancer tissues and 20 cases of breast normal tissues by using immunohistochemistry,and combined with clinicopathological information for analysis.Results The COX-2 expression rate was 65.0%(39/60)in breast cancer tissues and 10.0%(2/20)in breast normal tissues respectively.There was statistic difference between the two(P<0.01).The over expression of COX-2 was significantly correlated with TNM stages,lymphatic metastasis and the expression of epidermal growuth factor receptor-2(C-erbB-2)(P<0.05 or<0.01).Conclusion The expression of COX-2 in breast cancer tissues is significantly higher,which might play a fairly important role in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the feature of level Ⅱaxillary lymph nodes from breast cancer detected by ultrasound. Methods Eighty-nine cases of breast cancers with level Ⅱaxillary lymph nodes diagnosed in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2008 to October 2013 were retrospectively studied, including 66 cases of breast cancer patients pre-operatively, 23 cases of breast cancer post-operatively, all cases were female. The number, size, long/short ratio, presence of a hilum, and Doppler features of the lymph nodes were observed. The accuracy sensitivity, speciifcity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each signiifcant parameter were analyzed. Results Ultrasound examination revealed more than axillary lymph nodes, the accuracy sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of diagnosing lymph nodes were 71.9%, 56.8%, 89.7%, 87.9%and 61.4%respectively. The maximum diameter of levelⅡaxillary lymph node was more than or equal to 10 mm, the accuracy sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of diagnosing lymph nodes were 67.4%, 58.0%, 79.5%, 78.4%and 59.6%respectively. If there were two ultrasonographic characteristics simultaneously, the diagnostic sensitivity (87.8%) and accuracy (78.6%) could be significantly improved, the specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of diagnosing lymph nodes were 60.0%, 72.3%and 80.0%. Conclusion The number and size of lymph nodes in level Ⅱaxillary area are valuable sonographic characteristics for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes.