Objective To investigate the changes of laminin(LN) and fibronectin(FN) expressions in atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. Methods LN and FN expressions in normal breast tissue, tissues from grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer were detected by means of S P immunohistochemical staining method. Results In normal breast tissue, LN expression was found only in basement membrane, but FN expression in basement membrane and matrix. In gradeⅠ hyperplasia, LN expression was found in basement membrane and epithelium, but FN expression was similar to that in normal tissue. In grade Ⅱhyperplasia, more LN expression was found in epithelium, but FN expression in epithelium and matrix. In grade Ⅲ hyperplasia, LN expression increased significantly in matrix and decreased significantly in epithelium as compared with those in grade Ⅱ( P

Objective To explore the role of platelet activating factor(PAF) and its receptor in portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. Methods A model of hepatic cirrhosis was replicated in rat by intraperitoneal injection of CCL 4 for 8 weeks. The blood and hepatic PAF and PAF receptors contents were assayed with ELISA, RT-PCR and saturation binding technique. Results Compared with control rats, cirrhotic rats had higher hepatic PAF levels, hepatic PAF output, and plasma PAF levels, which were increased by 44%, 87.7% and 54.5%(P

Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular ATP on the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats.Methods Twenty healthy adult rats were randomly divided into two groups after contusion injury was performed by the weight drop method at T10 with Allen impactor.Group A(ATP group) and group B(control group) each had ten rats.At days 1,3,7,14 and 28 after injury,the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats was assessed with modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test.Results Modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test were better in group A than in group B after spinal cord injury in rats.Significant difference was found in modified Tarlov scores and slanting board test between the two groups at days 14 and 28 after injury(P

The paper analyzes the overall evolutionary context of the situations of anti-diabetic drug patent applicants at home and abroad and conducts comparative analysis of the main patent applicants,etc.by making use of the patent analysis method and combining pharmaceutical knowledge.Relevant research results can be taken as the references for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to make patent strategies and evaluate competitors.

Objective To examine the relationships between the level of serum visfatin and obesity,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)in children and adolescents. Methods Serum visfatin levels of 106 obese children/adolescents (including 49 non-NAFLD children and adolescents and 57 NAFLD children/adolescents in which consisting of 42 mild ones,15 moderate-to-severe ones)with another 69 lean children/adolescents as their controls,were examined by indirect sandwich ELISA.Results When comparing the serum visfatin levels,there was no significant difference noticed between the obese group ( 1.71 ± 0.37) ng/ml and the lean group ( 1.75 ± 0.37) ng/ml (P=0.455).With the severity of NAFLD,the serum visfatin level showed an elevation in obese children and adolescents [ obese without NAFLD ( 1.59 ± 0.36) ng/ml,obese with mild NAFLD ( 1.74 ± 0.36) ng/ml,obese with moderate-to-severe NAFLD (1.97 ± 0.36) ng/ml,P＜0.05].In the obese group,serum visfatin levels seemed to be related to age (^β=-0.326,P=0.000),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (^β =0.286,P=0.004) and the degree of NAFLD (^β =0.246,P＝0.014).Conclusion The level of serum visfatin was related to non-alcoholic fatty liver in obese children and adolescent.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of thyroid carcinoma in children. Method The clinical data of 19 children under 14 years old with thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated from January 2003 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 19 cases (12 males and 7 females), there were 18 cases of papillocarcinoma and one case pf follicular carcinoma. Unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 cases and total thyroidectomy in 9 cases. Unilateral cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 5 cases and bilateral in 11 cases. After the operation, multiple lesions were confirmed by pathology in 9 cases, thyroid capsular invasion in 14 cases, lymphatic metastasis in 15 cases and distant metastasis in 5 cases. All the patients were treated with TSH, and 10 cases were treated with 131I after operation. The median follow-up time was 63 months. There was no death in all cases, while local residual tumor recurrence was found in 2 cases and cervical lymph node metastasis in 2 cases and distant metastasis in one case. Conclusion Thyroid carcinoma in children is mostly well-differentiated, so the overall prognosis is better. However, children who have extracapsular invasion, multiple lesions in bilateral thyroid, cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are at high risks and should be treated with comprehensive therapy that includes total thyroidectomy.

Objective To discuss the optimal radiation dose in the treatment of the late course accelerated hyperfractionation(LCAH) radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma by using two different treatment doses,focusing on the difference of the short term results,local control rates,treatment tolerance and long term survival rates between the two groups.Methods One hundred patients with esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided by the envelope method into two groups:the 60Gy group and the 75Gy group.Patients in 60Gy group received conventional fraction radiation for the first 3 weeks,and then hyperfractionation radiation(1.5Gy per fraction,two fractions a day with 6 hour interval,10 fractions per week) to the total dose of 60Gy/35 fractions/5 weeks.The radiation schedule of the 75Gy group was the same as the 60Gy group: conventional fractionation of radiation for the first 3 weeks and then hyperfractionation radiation for the rest 3 weeks to the total dose of 75Gy/45 fractions/6 weeks.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in short term results.The 1-,3-,5-year local control rates were 86%,42%,32% in 60Gy group and 88%,52%,48% in 75Gy group,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 86%,40%, 28% in 60Gy group and 72%,34%,16% in 75Gy group,with no significant difference(P= 0.283).The median survival time was 25 months for the 60Gy group and 19 months for the 75Gy group.Patients suffered from heavy radiation-induced esophagitis in the 75Gy group were significantly more than those in the 60Gy group(28% vs 10%,P= 0.022).But it was similar for patients who died of side effects in the two groups.Conclusions It is not suitable to pursue high dose in treating esophageal carcinoma with late course accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy as high incidence of side effects are unadvoidable if the dose is increased without changing the radiation fields and techniques.When escalating the dose to the esophagus,the radiated lung volume as well as the other normal tissues should be first subjected to meticulous and careful consideration.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who underwent the revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). METHODS 18 cases of severe OSAHS patients (therapy group) were selected for CPAP treatment in the 2nd week of postoperation. The average time of CPAP treatment was 34.3 days. The other 20 cases (control group) onlyunderwent operation. All patients were monitored with PSG before operation and in the 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Compared with the result of pre-operative PSG, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and Lowest SaO2 (LSaO_2) was improved (P＜0.001) in two groups. Compared with control group, LSaO_2 of the therapy group in the sixth month postoperatively was improved (P＜0.001), but the decreasing of AHI was not significant (P＞0.05). Contrast to the control group, the length of stage 1 and 2 decreased and that of REM increased. (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION For severe OSAHS patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngo plasty, CPAP treatment for one month postoperatively could improve the hypoxia of patients, and prolong REM stage, shorten the stage 1 and 2 sleep. CPAP treatment in short time would be helpful for the severe OSAHS patients with revised UPPP.

Objective To measure the setup errors of patients with esophageal carcinoma during the treatment of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), and to analyze the impact of setup errors on dose distribution of GTV,CTV and normal tissues around. Methods Forty-two patients with esophageal cancer treated by 3DCRT were included. The setup errors of each patient were measured once a week for 6 times by electronic portal imaging device (EPID). The setup errors were integrated into the treatment plan-ning system by moving the isocenter. Then the dose distribution of GTV, CTV and normal tissues were recal-culated. Results The systematic setup errors of the 42 patients were - 2.31 mm, - 0.55 mm and - 0.16 mm, and the random errors were 4.42 mm, 4.35 mm and 4.48 mm in the directions of lef-fight, anterior-posterior,and superior-inferior, respectively. The dose covered 95% GTV( D95 ) was reduced by 32 cGy and by 88 cGy for CTV D95. The lung V20 in the original plan and the integrated plan was 22.49% and 22.02%, respectively. The average dose of the heart in the two plans was 2077.62 cGy and 2036.23 cGy, respectively. In the original plan, no patient had maximum dose of spinal cord over 4500 cGy; While in the intergrated plan there were 18 patients had the spinal cord dose more than 4500 cGy, with a maximum dose of 5503.90 cGy. Conclusions The setup errors cause significant dose reduction of GTV and CTV, but not of the lung and heart . The maximum dose of the spinal cord may exceed 4500 cGy due to the setup errors.

Objective To explore the effects of aging on ventricular remodeling and cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction in mice. Methods　Male C57BL/6 mice of 3 months and 12 months old were randomly divided into sham operation group and myocardial infarction(MI)group.Following acute myocardial infarction(AMI)modeling induced by open-chest surgery,the events of cardiac rupture were monitored and the echocardiography and hemodynamics were performed on the 7th day after surgery.Zymography,immunohistochemical method and pathological staining were used to measure the activity of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),the content of collagen and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration on the 3rd and 7th days after surgery,respectively. Results　The incidence of cardiac rupture was higher in elderly group than that in young group(38.0% vs.16.0%,X2=6.139,P＜0.05).Compared with young group,significant infarct expansion,left ventricular (LV)remodeling and hemodynamic deterioration were showed in elderly group on the 7th day after surgery(t=5.754,P＜0.05).The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of MMP-9 were significantly increased in elderly group on the 3rd day following AMI modeling(P＜0.05),and the collagen content and the expression of type Ⅲ collagen were significantly increased (P＜0.05)compared with young group. Conclusions　Aging is a risk factor for post-infarct cardiac rupture in the mice model.The mechanisms which are responsible for this age-related difference of cardiac rupture are related to increasing degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, overexpression of MMP-9 and type Ⅲ collagen and aggravated early LV remodeling.