Objective: To revise the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (GRAT) for Chinese college students. Methods: On the translation of the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (GRAT), some items was modified and developed a revised gratitude scale in the context of Chinese culture. The GRAT was filled by 1000 students from six universities. Results: The results of EFA have three factors, lack of a sense of deprivation (or sense of abundance), appreciation for simple pleasures, and social appreciation, the three factors are similar for study of Watkins. The result of CFA indicated that the validity of formal questionnaire was acceptable with the factor loading of each item. Internal consistency analysis showed that the Cronbach ? coefficient was 0.910, split -half correlation coefficients was 0.902. And the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.850. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of GRAT are verified.

Objectives To investigate the dynamic change of galectin-1 in myocardium of mice with viral myocarditis (VMC). Methods A total of 58 male BALB/c mice were selected and randomly divided into CVB3 group (n=50) and control group (n=8). Mice in CVB3 group were infected with 0.10 ml 10-5/L CVB3 through intraperitoneal inoculation, and 8 mice were killed on day 7, 10, 14 and 28 respectively after inoculation. Mice in control group inoculated with 0.10 ml eagle reagent was killed on day 28. The myocardial pathological changes were observed using light microscope. In addition, expressions of serum galectin-1 were detected by ELISA and expressions of myocardial galectin-1 were detected by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). Results Compared with control group, the myocardial expression of galectin-1 mRNA in CVB3 group was obviously increased on day 7 and day 10 (all P<0.05);the serum concentration of galectin-1 in CVB3 group was obviously increased on day 7, day 10 and day 14 (all P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of galectin-1 in myocardium of mice with viral myocarditis were in dynamic changes. Galectin-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis and development of viral myocarditis.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and is characterized by frequent recurrence. Like the other malignant tumor, the genetic alterations leading to neoplastic transformation of the urothelium are related with the activation of oncogenes and loss of functional tumor suppressor genes. Cyclin D1 is a putative protooncogene as cell cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression and is frequently overexpressed in several human tumor. In this study we performed immunohistochemical stainings of cyclin D1 and p53 in both primary and recurrent transitional cell carcinomas of urinary bladder from 56 patients including 20 cases of recurrent tumor, and compared their results with histopathologic features. The results were as follows. Cyclin D1 immunoreactivity was found in 10 of 10 cases (100%) of grade 1, 25 of 41 (61%) cases of grade 2, and 11 of 25 (44%) cases of grade 3 transitional cell carcinomas. p53 immunoreactivity was found in 40% of grade 1, 63% of grade 2, and 87% of grade 3 lesions. Cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher in Ta and T1 lesions than T2 to T4 by pathologic tumor stage. Conversely p53 immunoreactivity was increased in proportion to the T classification. Cyclin D1 was de creased in recurrent transitional cell carcinomas, compared with primary transitional cell carcinomas. However, there was no statistical significance. In conclusion, cyclin D1 immunoreactivity is associated with low histologic grade and low tumor stage. And there is inverse relationship between the cyclin D1 and p53 overexpression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Cycle ; Classification ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; G1 Phase ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urologic Neoplasms ; Urothelium

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and sperm density of Bushen Yijing decoction and tamoxifen,zinc and vitamin E in treating oligospermia with kidney deficiency syndrome .Methods 450 patients with oligospermia were randomly divided into 3 groups.150 patients of the treatment group were treated by Bushen Yijing decoction,tamoxifen,zinc and vitamin E,150 patients of the control group I were treated by Bushen Yijing decoction , zinc and vitamin E,150 patients of the control group II were treated by tamoxifen ,zinc and vitamin E.3 groups were treated for 3 months,pregnancy terminating of treatment and otherwise continued to observe for 3 months after the end of treatment,the sperm density and other sperm parameters (sperm amount,pH,sperm motility,sperm survival rate, sperm normal modality rate ) were evaluated before and after treatment .Results The total effective rates of the treat-ment group,control group I and II were 90.21%,85.11%,72.22%respectively.The total effective rate of the treat-ment group was higher than that of the control group I (χ2 =9.53,P<0.05) and II(χ2 =23.38,P<0.01).The pregnancy rates of the treatment group ,control group I and II were 42.66%,25.53%,20.83%,respectively.The pregnancy rate of treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group I (χ2 =9.26,P<0.01) and II (χ2 =15.78,P<0.01).There were significant differences between before and after treatment on sperm density , sperm motility,sperm survival rate and sperm normal modality rate in the treatment group ( t=-22.22,-18.07,-33.48,-28.46,all P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Yijing decoction combined with tamoxifen ,zinc and vitamin E can evidently improve the sperm density and other sperm qualities and conception rate of oligospermia with kidney deficiency syndrome .

Objective To investigate the value of the multiple short tandem repeat (STR)amplification by fluorescence labeling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with fusion gene bcr-abl mRNA expression for quantitative determination of chimerism and qualitative detection of bcr-abl transcripts,and to evaluate the status of engraftment and predict the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods 5 relapse patients with CML after alIo-HSCT were dynamically investigated. Quantitative analysis of donor chimerism was performed by multiplex PCR amplification of STR markers and capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection, qualitative detection of bcr-abl transcripts was performed by RT-PCR. Results The donors alleles appeared in all of 5 patients on day 28 post transplant, and bcr-abl expression was negative. But 5 patients had unstable mixed ehimerism. (DC: 0～80.4 %) at the different time points after aIIo-HSCT and bcr-abl was positive. One of them kept eontinuely the mixed chimerism in the relapse of disease, and died after one year, and the other changed from MC to CC by intervention of clinical treatment. Reduction of donor chimerism were detected prior to the occurrence of graft rejection and disease relapse, while bcr-abl gene expression was positive. Conclusion The results of STR-PCR in the range of its sensitivity fully correspond with bcr-abl tests in patients with CML. The combination of STR-PCR with RT-PCR provides a highly sensitive and valuable tool for engraftment evaluation, graft rejection, relapse and predicting GVHD. Furthermore it can provide a basis for early intervention of clinical treatment, and can identify these patients at high risk with molecular or cytogenetic relapse after allo-HSCT.

No abstract available.

Since the myofascial trigger point(MFTrP) has been described fifty years ago, its underlying pathophysiology has been remained unclear. The diagnosis also depends on the characteristic pain, tenderness and physical findin gs, which is yery subjective. In recent years, some physicians investigated the objective findings of MFTrP, using the pressure algometer and thermography. We investigated the electromyographic findings of MFTrP to evaluate the clinical usefulness of local twitch response(LTR) and sympathetic skin response (SSR), and to evaluate the electrophysiologic characteristics of MFTrP. 21 patients, diagnosed as myofascial trigger point syndrome on upper trapezius and so on, were evaluated for the triggering pain with visual analog scale(VAS), pressure threshold(THpr) using pressure algometer(Dolorimeter), LTP with concentric needle electrode and SSR on the palm. There was a significant negative correlation between VAS and THpr, but no significant correlation with electromyographic findings of LTR. Thus LTR could support the existence of MFTrP electrodiagnostically, but, could not explain the clinically correlated severity of MFTrP. There were only 3 patients showing abnormal SSR, who were all complaining the sympathetic sympathetic symptoms on the affected arm with reffered pain. Even though referred pain to arm and hand existed. SSR was normal because suggested autonomic dysfunction of MFTrP is localized mechanism. Among the 13 patients underwent the trigger point block, 8 patients who showed no residual LTR immediate after MFTrP block, had a great symptomatic improvement of MFTrP in a week, but 5 patients who showed the residual LTR did not, Regardless of complaint of pain and soreness immediate after block, loss of LTR would be predicted as a good treatment result. In some cases, spontaneous EMG activity exist within the 3-4mm sized focus of MFTrP. although the taut band of MFTrP is 3-4cm length and depth. But this focus of MFTrP is a electrophysiologic changes within a muscle, not a structural changes seen by ultrasonography.
Arm ; Diagnosis ; Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Hand ; Humans ; Needles ; Pain, Referred ; Skin ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Thermography ; Trigger Points* ; Ultrasonography

Objective To examine the induction effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene differentiating into chondrocytes. Methods We observed the phenotype of cells which were stained with alcian blue and HE climbing to the six pore plate with invert microscope. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) value in culture medium was detected in control group,BMP7 transfect and culture medium induced groups after 7,14 and 21 days using standard curve method. Standard curve was described using galacturonic-acid as reference substance. The content of collagen Ⅱ was detected by ELISA method. Results HE and Alcian blue staining showed that BMP7 gene transfection group and the group induced by fluid possess the characteristics of chondrocyte. BMP7 induced BMSCs differentiation to chondrocyte which secrete specific protein called collagen Ⅱ and GAG. Content of GAG were (17.1±3.4),(39.5±5.4),(40.8±6.1)mg/L in control group,BMP7 gene transfected group and induced group,collagen Ⅱ were (89.7±14.3),(152.8±14.5),(155.5± 19.3)μg/L in these three groups separately. Comparing with control group,GAG and collagen Ⅱ of BMP7 gene transfected group and culture medium induced group increased obviously(all P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between BMP7 gene transfeeted group and culture medium induced group (P > 0.05). Conclusion This active protein induces BMSCs differentiating into chondrocyte,in a level similar to that of inducing medium.

Objective To observe the distribution of oligodexynucleotide (ODN)MT01 in main organ tissues of the rats at different time points and to discuss the regularity of the distribution of MT01 preliminarily. Methods 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=30). The rats in experimental group was locally injected with Cy5 labeled MT01 in gingival mucosa,whereas the rats in control group were injected with MTO1.The samples of rat lung,liver spleen,kidney,heart,and brain tissues were collected at 15 min,1 h,4 h,8 h,16 h,1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,and 5 d after injection,and the distribution of MT01 fluorescence was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.The ratio of fluorescence positive cells indicated the amount of MT01 that had been taken up by different organs.Results No positive fluorescence cells were observed in control group.Whereas,in experimental group ,the positive fluorescence cells were detected in the tissue samples of lung,liver,spleen and kidney but not in the tissue samples of heart and brain.The positive fluorescence cells distributed focally in kidney tissue and presented primarily in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells.The ratios of positive fluorescence cells changed regularly with time in liver, spleen and kidney tissues and the highest level was detected at 4,3 and 4 d after injection.No distinct regularity of the ratio of positive fluorescence cells was observed in lung tissue.Conclusion MT01 can be taken up by liver,spleen and lung tissue and primarily by kidney with regularity in distribution.

This study aims to determine the changes in health beliefs and practices of dental hygienists on infection control after having received special training on that subject. The study population consisted of dental hygienists working at the dental institutions located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. The intervention group and the control group each had randomly assigned 26 dental hygienists. The intervention group received training courses on infection control once a week for 3 hours, for a total of 4 training sessions. We used a survey tool to find the changes between the two groups regarding their health beliefs and practices on infection control measures. The survey was conducted prior to the training sessions, 3 months and 2 weeks after the training. The study results revealed statistically significant increases in perceived sensitivity, perceived seriousness, and perceived benefits after the training courses in the intervention group (p<0.05). A statistically significant decrease in perceived barriers was also noted in the intervention group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in the practice of infection control in the intervention group as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that infection control training is crucial in bringing about positive changes to the health beliefs of dental hygienists, and a structured system is necessary for continuous infection management along with training in order to improve infection control practices.
Dental Hygienists ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Infection Control* ; Seoul