Glaucoma is the first leading cause of irreversible blindness and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that elevated intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, there have been 50% of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) patients with typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy in whom the IOP measurements have always been in the normal range, and some patients develop typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy with the well controlled IOP. These phenomena cannot be explained by the theory of high intraocular pressure. The pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in these patients with normal IOP needs to be further discussed. Numerous studies at home and abroad have shown that: 1. the surrounding anatomy of the optic nerve including the IOP, the anatomy and biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and retrobulbar orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be of importance for the pathogenesis of the POAG;2. patients with normal tension glaucoma had significantly lower cerebrospinal fluid pressure and a higher trans - lamina cribrosa pressure difference compared with normal subjects; 3. patients with ocular hypertension had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, however, there is no difference in trans -lamina cribrosa pressure compared with normal subjects. Based on the above research, now we make a review about the research advance of the relation between intracranial pressure and glaucoma optic nerve damage and the available measurements about noninvasive intracranial pressure in clinical in this paper.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on aged patients with mild to moderate hyperten-sion.Methods:A total of 427 aged patients with mild to moderate hypertension treated in our hospital from Jul 2011 to Jul 2013 were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=210)and atorvastatin group (n=217,received atorvastatin additionally based on routine treatment)according to number table.All patients were treated with a continuous 24 months.Therapeutic effect of controlling blood pressure,changes of blood pressure level and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)level and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared be-tween two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there was significant rise in total effective rate of long-term (24 months)controlling blood pressure (76.8% vs.85.9%),and significant reductions in blood pres-sure [(145.3±10.1/88.6±6.7)mmHg vs.(136.9±6.8/83.0±5.2)mmHg]and hsCRP [(2.02±0.29)mg/L vs. (1.60±0.18)mg/L]level in atorvastatin group,P<0.05 or <0.01. There was no significant difference in inci-dence rate of adverse reactions during treatment between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined antihypertensive drugs can well control blood pressure and reduce inflammatory reactions,which is suitable for long term use in aged patients with hypertension.

Objective To explore the feasibility of DSCT dual-energy technique in pulmonary mass lesions.Methods A total of 100 patients with pulmonary masses underwent conventional plain CT scan and dual-energy enhanced CT scan.The virtual non-contrast (VNC) images were obtained at post-processing workstation.The mean CT value,enhancement value,signal to noise ratio (SNR),image quality and radiation dose of pulmonary masses were compared between the two scan techniques using F or t test and the detectability of lesions was compared using Wilcoxon test. Results There was no statistically significant difference among VNC ( A ) ( 32.89 ± 12.58 ) HU,VNC (S) ( 30.86 ± 9.60) HU and conventional plain images (35.89 ± 9.99 ) HU in mean CT value of mass ( F =2.08,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was statistically significant difference among VNC ( A ) ( 3.29 ± 1.45 ),VNC (S) ( 3.93 ± 1.49 ) and conventional plain image (4.61 ± 1.50) in SNR ( F =6.01,P ＜ 0.05 ),which of conventional plain scan was higher than that of VNC.The enhancement value of mass in conventional enhanced scan(60.74 ± 13.9)HU and distribution of iodine from VNC (A) ( 58.26 ± 31.99 ) HU was no statistically significant difference ( t =0.48,P ＞ 0.05 ),but there was a significant difference between conventional enhanced scan (56.51 ± 17.94 ) HU and distribution of iodine from VNC (S) (52.65 ± 16.78 ) HU (t =4.45,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no statistically significant difference among conventional plain scan ( 4.69 ± 0.06 ) and VN C ( A ) ( 4.60 ± 0.09 ),VNC (S)(4.61 ±0.11 ) in image quality at mediastinal window ( F =3.014,P ＞ 0.05 ).The appearance,size,internal features of mass (such as necrosis,calcification and cavity) were showed the same in conventional plain scan,VNC (A) and VNC (S).Of 41 patients with hilar mass,18 patients were found to have lobular and segmental perfusion decrease or defect. Perfusion defect area was found in 59 patients with peripheral lung mass. The radiation dose of dual-energy enhanced scan was lower than that of conventional scan.Conclusion The virtual non-contrast,distribution of iodine and pulmonary virtual perfusion images can be obtained by DSCT dual-energy technique in one scan,which has a potential clinical value in the thorax.

The fine structure of enoxaparin sodium samples with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A further study of anticoagulation activity of enoxaparins was performed, including those on their inhibition activities of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa). The results showed that the anti-FXa and -FIIa activities of enoxaparins with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives (20.0%-39.7%) with similar structure characteristics, had decreasing tendency when the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives increased. Especially, the anti-FXa activity was sensitive to the change of the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives.
Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Enoxaparin ; chemistry ; Factor Xa Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Thrombin ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To compare the formation and evolution of left ventricular flow between the patients with the bileaflet artificial mechanical mitral valve and normal adult using vector flow mapping (VFM). Methods Thirty healthy controls and 30 severe mitral stenosis patients with bileaflet prosthesis mitral valve were involved. The left ventricular flow and the vortex description parameters were comparatively studied between two groups. Results Two small symmetric rotating vortexes and a big counter-clockwise rotating vortex appeared alternately in the left ventricular through cardiac cycle with control group. In case group,only large vortex could be seen in the mid-late diastolic and maximum vector velocity was faster than that in control group in statistics( P <0. 05). Especially the postoperative direction of blood flow was clockwise shif ting from the interventricular septum to the posterior and lateral left ventricular wall inversely to control group. Conclusions VFM can show the complex vortex flow patterns in left ventricular in the patients with bileaflet prosthesis mitral valve preliminarily and may be useful to assess and improve the function of prosthesis valve in future.

AIM: To investigate effects of OX-LDL and VitE on the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were obtained by in vitro culture. HUVEC treated with or without Vit E was incubated with OX-LDL, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-? were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy technique. RESULTS:50 ?g/L,100 ?g/L, 200 ?g/L OX-LDL induced the release of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? by HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group , the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased at 6-12 h of stimulation with OX-LDL . Maximal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 occurred after 24-36 h, reaching a plateau maintained for at least 48 h. TNF-? rose after 2-6 h in HUVEC, and reached a maximum after 12 h. In contrast to IL-6 and IL-8, TNF-? declined after 48 h. However, when VitE (50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L)was added, it can significant inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-? in a dose-dependent manner, and after 48 h these cytokines have no diference between OX-LDL+VitE groups and OX-LDL groups. CONCLUSION: OX-LDL can obviously stimulate the production of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in vascular endothelial cells, which can significantly be inhibited by VitE in a short time.

OBJECTIVE:The bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of two kinds of domestic meloxicam tablets were studied in 20 healthy male volunteers METHODS:A dose of 15mg of domestic or imported meloxicam(test and reference preparation)was given according to arandomized 2-way cross-over design,blood samples were withdrawn up to 96 hours post administration,and plasma concentration of meloxicam was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method RESULTS:The peak plasma levels(Cmax)of meloxicam test drug and reference drug were (2 736 2?312 0)and(2 665 6?333 8)?g/L,respectively,the peak time(Tmax)were(4 25?1 16)h and(4 00?1 30)h,respectively,T1/2ke were(21 67?3 81)h and(21 05?3 30)h,respectively,and AUC0～t were(96 454 6?25 526 6)and(95 692 5?24 532 6)?g/(h?L),respectively There were no significant differences in AUC0～t,Tmax,Cmax and T1/2ke between two kinds of tablet CONCLUSION:The relative bioavailability data obtained in the study furnished definite proof of bioequivalence of both domestic meloxicam tablets and imported meloxicam tablets The relative bioavailablility of the test drug was(101 3?11 9)%

Objective to investigate the feasibility and outcomes of different surgical treatments for adrenal metastasis after previous radical ne-phrectomy for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Methods A total of 18 adrenal solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma were identified from da-tabase of two institutions between 2003 and 2013. Clinical and pathologic data were collected and analyzed. Results Of 9 patients who had ipsilater-al metastasis of the renal tumor,the estimated blood loss were obviously fewer in the transperitoneal LA group. Of 9 cases who had contralateral me-tastasis of the renal tumor,the fasting time[(1.4±0.8)h vs(4.0±1.4)h,P = 0.036]and length of hospital stay[(4.5±1.2)d vs(7.0±4.5)d,P =0.041]were obviously fewer in the retroperitoneal LA group. the averages of the fasting time and length of hospital stay in the retroperitoneal LA group were obviously smaller than in the transperitoneal LA group. Conclusion LA for treatment of renal cell carcinoma metastasis is technically feasible in selected patients. transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LA can be respectively recommended as an appropriate approach for isolated adrenal metastases of ipsilateral and contralateral renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.

Aim To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning ( MPC ) on the expression of microR-NAs ( miRNAs ) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in H9c2 myocardial cells. Methods H9c2 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=4 each) as follows:control group ( CON) , hypoxia/ reoxygen-ation group ( H/R ) and morphine preconditioning group ( MPC+H/R) . The cells were cultured in nor-mal condition in CON group. The cells were subjected to 5 h hypoxia followed by 1 h reoxygenation in H/R group and MPC+H/R group. Specifically, the cells in MPC+H/R group were preconditioned with morphine with the final concentration of 1 μmol·L-1 for 10 min before H/R. After the treatment, CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and chemical colorimetry was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in the culture medium. Cell apoptosis was assessed by An-nexin-V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Relative expression of Fas protein was detected by Western blot. The ex-pression of miRNA in myocardial cells was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain re-action ( qRT-PCR ) . Results Compared with CON group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, while the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression were dramatically increased in group H/R (P<0. 01). However, MPC significantly increased the cell viability, whereas it decreased the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression induced by H/R injury ( P < 0. 01 ) . The expressions of miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7 e-5 p were markedly down-regulated by H/R as compared to CON group ( P <0. 05 ) , while MPC inhibited these miRNAs which were significantly down-regulated by H/R group ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Morphine preconditioning might protect H9 c2 myocar-dial cells against H/R injury by regulating the expres-sion of miRNAs such as miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7e-5p.

Objective To investigate the mitral annular three dimensional configuration changes after application of two dimensional mitral annuloplasty.Methods Includes criteria:serious mitral prolapse without other cardiac disorders,with age ranged from 18 to 60 years old.Three dimensional echocardiography was performed before the surgery in the operation room.The mitral annular three dimensional configuration,the mitral prolapse and regurgitation grades were examined.And same procedure was done after the mitral repair.All the measure results were expressed as x ± s and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results Totally 42 cases were enrolled,including 28 posterior prolapse and 14 anterior prolapse cases.All the mitral repair got satisfied none or mild regurgitation.The mitral annulus moved consistently as saddle shape during the whole cardiac cycle,the lowest annulus part was at the commissure and the highest part was at the anterior and posterior annulus centers.During the systolic phase the non-planer angel between anterior and posterior annuls was bigger than in diastolic phase.The annulus circumference,transverse,longitudinal diameters decreased compared with before the surgery.Preoperative mitral transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter values are almost the equal size,indicating the mitral annulus was in nearly round shape.However the longitudinal/transverse ratio reached 0.88 after surgery which implied the annulus configuration recovery after annuloplasty.After the mitral annuloplasty the annular height decreased from (8.4 ± 0.6) mm to (3.2 ±0.1) mm while the annular height/transverse diameter ratio decreased from 0.24 to 0.15,which may be affected by the application of the two dimensional rigid artificial annulus.Non-planar angle between the anterior and posterior mitral annuls increased from(136 ± 13)degrees to(145 ± 14) degrees after mitral repair.Conclusion The mitral annulus configuration may have planarization changes due 1o the apply of two dimentional artificial annulus.