Glaucoma is the first leading cause of irreversible blindness and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that elevated intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, there have been 50% of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) patients with typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy in whom the IOP measurements have always been in the normal range, and some patients develop typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy with the well controlled IOP. These phenomena cannot be explained by the theory of high intraocular pressure. The pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in these patients with normal IOP needs to be further discussed. Numerous studies at home and abroad have shown that: 1. the surrounding anatomy of the optic nerve including the IOP, the anatomy and biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and retrobulbar orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be of importance for the pathogenesis of the POAG;2. patients with normal tension glaucoma had significantly lower cerebrospinal fluid pressure and a higher trans - lamina cribrosa pressure difference compared with normal subjects; 3. patients with ocular hypertension had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, however, there is no difference in trans -lamina cribrosa pressure compared with normal subjects. Based on the above research, now we make a review about the research advance of the relation between intracranial pressure and glaucoma optic nerve damage and the available measurements about noninvasive intracranial pressure in clinical in this paper.

Objective To explore the feasibility of DSCT dual-energy technique in pulmonary mass lesions.Methods A total of 100 patients with pulmonary masses underwent conventional plain CT scan and dual-energy enhanced CT scan.The virtual non-contrast (VNC) images were obtained at post-processing workstation.The mean CT value,enhancement value,signal to noise ratio (SNR),image quality and radiation dose of pulmonary masses were compared between the two scan techniques using F or t test and the detectability of lesions was compared using Wilcoxon test. Results There was no statistically significant difference among VNC ( A ) ( 32.89 ± 12.58 ) HU,VNC (S) ( 30.86 ± 9.60) HU and conventional plain images (35.89 ± 9.99 ) HU in mean CT value of mass ( F =2.08,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was statistically significant difference among VNC ( A ) ( 3.29 ± 1.45 ),VNC (S) ( 3.93 ± 1.49 ) and conventional plain image (4.61 ± 1.50) in SNR ( F =6.01,P ＜ 0.05 ),which of conventional plain scan was higher than that of VNC.The enhancement value of mass in conventional enhanced scan(60.74 ± 13.9)HU and distribution of iodine from VNC (A) ( 58.26 ± 31.99 ) HU was no statistically significant difference ( t =0.48,P ＞ 0.05 ),but there was a significant difference between conventional enhanced scan (56.51 ± 17.94 ) HU and distribution of iodine from VNC (S) (52.65 ± 16.78 ) HU (t =4.45,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no statistically significant difference among conventional plain scan ( 4.69 ± 0.06 ) and VN C ( A ) ( 4.60 ± 0.09 ),VNC (S)(4.61 ±0.11 ) in image quality at mediastinal window ( F =3.014,P ＞ 0.05 ).The appearance,size,internal features of mass (such as necrosis,calcification and cavity) were showed the same in conventional plain scan,VNC (A) and VNC (S).Of 41 patients with hilar mass,18 patients were found to have lobular and segmental perfusion decrease or defect. Perfusion defect area was found in 59 patients with peripheral lung mass. The radiation dose of dual-energy enhanced scan was lower than that of conventional scan.Conclusion The virtual non-contrast,distribution of iodine and pulmonary virtual perfusion images can be obtained by DSCT dual-energy technique in one scan,which has a potential clinical value in the thorax.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on aged patients with mild to moderate hyperten-sion.Methods:A total of 427 aged patients with mild to moderate hypertension treated in our hospital from Jul 2011 to Jul 2013 were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=210)and atorvastatin group (n=217,received atorvastatin additionally based on routine treatment)according to number table.All patients were treated with a continuous 24 months.Therapeutic effect of controlling blood pressure,changes of blood pressure level and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)level and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared be-tween two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there was significant rise in total effective rate of long-term (24 months)controlling blood pressure (76.8% vs.85.9%),and significant reductions in blood pres-sure [(145.3±10.1/88.6±6.7)mmHg vs.(136.9±6.8/83.0±5.2)mmHg]and hsCRP [(2.02±0.29)mg/L vs. (1.60±0.18)mg/L]level in atorvastatin group,P<0.05 or <0.01. There was no significant difference in inci-dence rate of adverse reactions during treatment between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined antihypertensive drugs can well control blood pressure and reduce inflammatory reactions,which is suitable for long term use in aged patients with hypertension.

The fine structure of enoxaparin sodium samples with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A further study of anticoagulation activity of enoxaparins was performed, including those on their inhibition activities of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa). The results showed that the anti-FXa and -FIIa activities of enoxaparins with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives (20.0%-39.7%) with similar structure characteristics, had decreasing tendency when the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives increased. Especially, the anti-FXa activity was sensitive to the change of the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives.
Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Enoxaparin ; chemistry ; Factor Xa Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Thrombin ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To evaluate the role of microRNA-133b-Sp (miR-133b-Sp) in apoptosis hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced by in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods Rat myocardial cell line H9c2 was cultured in DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 96-well or 6-well plates and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=64 wells each):control group (group C);group H/R;miR-133b-5p mimic + H/R group (group M+H/R);miR-133b-Sp negative control + H/R group (group NC+H/R).The cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2for 5 h at 37 ℃ followed by 1 h reoxygenation in DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum in all the groups except group C.The cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere in group C.In M+H/R and NC+H/R groups,the cells were transfected with miR-133b-5p mimic (final concentration 30 nmol/L) and miR-133b-5p negative control (final concentration 30 nmol/L),respectively,for 24 h before H/R.Total RNA was extracted from cells to detect the expression of miR-133b-5p using quantitative real-time PCR.The cell viability (by CCK-8) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium were detected.Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry.Apoptotic rate was calculated.Result Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and the LDH activity and apoptotic rate were increased in H/R,M+H/R and NC+H/R groups,the expression of miR-133b-5p was down-regulated in H/R and NC+H/R groups,and the expression of miR-133b-Sp was up-regulated in group M+H/R.Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significanttly increased,the LDH activity and apoptotic rate were decreased,and the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulated in group M+H/R,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NC+H/R.Conclusion H/R in rat cardiomyocytes can induce cell apoptosis possibility through down-regulating the expression of miR-133b-5p

Objective To evaluate the effect of morphine preconditioning on the expression of miR-133b-Sp and Fas in rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by using Langendorff perfusion.The cells were seeded into 24-well plates or 60 mm diameter dishes and randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group H/R,and morphine preconditioning group (group MPC).The cells in group C were cultured in normal culture atmosphere.In H/R and MPC groups,the cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 90 min followed by 120 min reoxygenation.In group MPC,the cells were cultured for 10 min in serum-free DMEM liquid culture medium containing morphine 1 μmol/L,and then were cultured for 30 min in morphine-free DMEM liquid culture medium before hypoxia.At 120 min of reoxygenation,the cells in 24-well plates were selected to detect the cell viability (by MTT),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium,and cell apoptosis (by Hoechst 33234 staining).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Total RNA and protein were extracted from the cells in 60 mm dishes to detect the expression of miR-133b-5p and Fas mRNA (by quantitative real-time PCR) and Fas protein (by Western blot).Results Compared with C group,the cell viability was significantly decreased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were increased,the expression of miR-133b-Sp was down-regulated,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was up-regulated in H/R group.Compared with H/R group,the cell viability was significantly increased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were decreased,the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulatcd,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was down-regulated in MPC group.Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine preconditioning reduces H/R injury to rat cardiomyocytesis related to up-regulation of the expression of miR-133b-Sp and down-regulation of the expression of Fas.

AIM: To investigate effects of OX-LDL and VitE on the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were obtained by in vitro culture. HUVEC treated with or without Vit E was incubated with OX-LDL, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-? were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy technique. RESULTS:50 ?g/L,100 ?g/L, 200 ?g/L OX-LDL induced the release of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? by HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group , the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased at 6-12 h of stimulation with OX-LDL . Maximal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 occurred after 24-36 h, reaching a plateau maintained for at least 48 h. TNF-? rose after 2-6 h in HUVEC, and reached a maximum after 12 h. In contrast to IL-6 and IL-8, TNF-? declined after 48 h. However, when VitE (50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L)was added, it can significant inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-? in a dose-dependent manner, and after 48 h these cytokines have no diference between OX-LDL+VitE groups and OX-LDL groups. CONCLUSION: OX-LDL can obviously stimulate the production of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in vascular endothelial cells, which can significantly be inhibited by VitE in a short time.

OBJECTIVE:The bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of two kinds of domestic meloxicam tablets were studied in 20 healthy male volunteers METHODS:A dose of 15mg of domestic or imported meloxicam(test and reference preparation)was given according to arandomized 2-way cross-over design,blood samples were withdrawn up to 96 hours post administration,and plasma concentration of meloxicam was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method RESULTS:The peak plasma levels(Cmax)of meloxicam test drug and reference drug were (2 736 2?312 0)and(2 665 6?333 8)?g/L,respectively,the peak time(Tmax)were(4 25?1 16)h and(4 00?1 30)h,respectively,T1/2ke were(21 67?3 81)h and(21 05?3 30)h,respectively,and AUC0～t were(96 454 6?25 526 6)and(95 692 5?24 532 6)?g/(h?L),respectively There were no significant differences in AUC0～t,Tmax,Cmax and T1/2ke between two kinds of tablet CONCLUSION:The relative bioavailability data obtained in the study furnished definite proof of bioequivalence of both domestic meloxicam tablets and imported meloxicam tablets The relative bioavailablility of the test drug was(101 3?11 9)%

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the choice of different treatments for malignant glaucoma.? METHODS: ln this retrospective case series, 21 malignant glaucoma patients ( 21 eyes ) admitted in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from May 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed. Sixteen eyes ( 76%) developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery, 3 eyes ( 14%) after EX - PRESS glaucoma filtration device, 2 eyes ( 10%) after glaucoma filtration Ahmed valve implantation. Main Outcome of corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , anterior chamber depth and complications were detected.?RESULTS: lOP recovered by drug control in 13 eyes, anterior chamber depth. Four eyes were treated by vitreous water- bag aspiration combined with anterior chambers reconstructing. Two eyes were treated by cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Two eyes were treated by posterior capsule excision combined with anterior vitrectomy. lOP before and after treatment was 29. 81±4. 98, 12. 71±3. 77mmHg, respectively (P=0. 00). Anterior chamber depth before and after treatment was 0.41± 0. 34, 2. 13 ± 0. 54mm, respectively (P = 0. 00). Corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0. 19 ± 0. 17, after treatment was 0. 20±0. 16 (P= 0. 36). Except for vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye, there were no ocular or systemic adverse events observed in all patients.? CONCLUSlON: lt is good to diagnose malignant glaucoma in early period, and treated it step by step. For this can reduce lOP and restore anterior chamber.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of inhibition of apoptosis proteins like p53,survivin,bcl-2 and chemosensitivities in gastrointestinal tract carcinomas.Methods The expression of p53,survivin and bcl-2 were determined immunohjstochemically,and the chemosenisitivities to 9 drugs was measured by MTT assay in 84 tissue specimens of gastrointestinal carcinomas.Resuits Positive immunostainning for p53,survivin and bcl-2 were found in 64%,89%and 61%of cases.respectively.Correlation existed between the expression of Sllrvivin and bcl-2(r=0.3027,P＜0.05).In terms of relationship between expression of p53,survivin or bcl-2 and inhibition rates of tumor cells.the inhibition rates to PTX and DDP in p53 strong expression group were lower than those in weak group(t=2.1282,P:0.0363;t=3.8850,P=0.0002).When survivin expressed strongly,the inhibition rates for VCR and DDP decreased significantly(t=2.1693,P=0.0329;t=2.0247,P=0.0046),while that for OXA increased(t=-2.9070,P:0.0047).here were lower tumor inhibition rates for 5-FU.VCR,eADM and OXA in bcl-2 strong expression group than those in weak group(t=2.1483～3.2330,P=0.0347～0.0018,respectively).Conclusions The extent of the expression of P53.survivin or bcl-2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas was associated with the chemosensitivities of some drugs.In assessing the influence of p53,survivin or bcl-2 on durg resistance,many factors and mechanisms should be considered.