A total of 120 medical students were surveyed to investigate the current status of communication between medical students and old patients and the awareness of medical laws. The questionnaire shows many students don't have enough knowledge of communication skills and medical laws. Furthermore, the most important reason of the medical disputes is the lack of communication between doctors and patients so the cultivation of communication skills and legal knowledge should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the use of CsA and onset of toxoplasma gondii after organ transplantation and study the effect of pathogen acquired path on toxoplasma infectious incidence.Methods ELISA was used to detect recipient's specific CAg and antibodies (IgG, IgM) after organ transplantation of rats. Results The incidence of donor acquired T.gondii infection was higher than that of reactivation of recipient latent infection before operation. The use of CsA could increase the risk of infection by T. gondii after organ transplantation. The use of CsA influenced the detection of anti IgG,IgM sometimes but had no effect in early diagnosis of T.gondii infection through detection of CAg.Conclusion The use of CsA was the main reason leading to infection of toxoplasma gondii after organ transplantion. Detection of specific anti IgG,IgM combined with clinical symptom could be used in early diagnosis.

Objective:To study the extraction process of Zhengtian Capsules (Radix Paeoniae Alba, Ramulus Vncariae cum Vnics, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Herba Ephedrae, Herba Asari, etc.). Methods: Uniform design was used in the experiments, the alcoholic extract rate of the total alkaloid of Ramulus Uncariae cum uncis which was determined by titrimetric methods to evaluate the factor levels; and the water extraction process was studied by orthogonal design with the content of paeoniflorin which was determined by HPLC and with the yield of extracta sicca as the detective markers. Results: The optimum alcohol extraction factors were 8 times of 90% ethanol, infusing up to 72 hours. The optimum process of water decoction was to add 14 times amount of water, decocting for 3 times (2h, 1h, 1h in turn). Conclusion: According to the optimum extracting factors, the active substance can be extracted sufficiently.

Objective To use ELISA detecting self‐developed hepatitis B five internal quality control products .Methods Hepa‐titis B five positive sera by the detection of ELISA were diluted through optimal ratio ,and were homemade indoor quality control materials .Results Self‐control materials and commodities were simultaneously detected by ELISA ,and the test results were com‐pared ,the two were no significant difference(P>0 .05);Self‐control materials continuously detected by ELISA ,its batch variation were less than 15% ,and stability was in line with the requirements .Conclusion Self‐developed hepatitis B five indoor quality con‐trol materials are made simply ,have good stability ,are satisfied control effect ,and have promotional value .

ObjectiveCluster analysis method was applied to analyze the data of brick-tea-born fluorosis,to clarify the provincial and municipal classification hierarchy in nation-wide epidemic areas and to guide the prophylaxis and treatment of the disease.MethodsPrevalence survey database of the 2007 national brick-tea-born fluorosis was analyzed.Detection rate of second degree and above clinical skeletal fluorosis as clustered index,clustering analysis of all survey data was carried out,clustering figure was drawn,and analysis of variance and multiple comparison was done.ResultsThe provincial level of the nation-wide epidemic areas of the brick-teaborn fluorosis could be classified into three categories:the first category including Tibet and Sichuan province,the second category including Qinghai province,and the third including Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Xinjiang and Ningxia provinces; The city-level they were also could be classified into three categories:the first category including Aba,Shigatse region and Lhasa,the second including Wulanchabu,Hulun Buir,Baotou,Qinghai state,Guoluo state,Haixi state,Xining city,Haidong state,Ganzi state,Longnan city,Jiuquan city,Urumqi city and the state of Bortala,and the other cities were the third category cities.The differences of clinical skeletal fluorosis detection rate between the first,second,and third provincial and municipal categories(35.18％,16.21％,5.22％,41.16％,19.64％,4.19％) were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsBrick-tea-born fluorosis can be classified by using cluster analysis at the provincial and municipal levels.Cluster analysis results can provide a scientific basis for effective implementation of the prophylaxis and treatment of brick-tea-born fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on viral replication in HTLV-1 infected T cells.Methods HMGB1 in culture supernatants of adult T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) virus-negative cell:Jurkat,MOLT4 cells and HTLV-1 virus-positive cells:MT2,MT4,was detected by ELISA;The HTLV-1 long terminal repeat reporter gene (pHTLV-1-LTR-luc) was transfected into MT2 cells by Tfx-50-mediated transfection,and 0.25,0.50,0.75 μg/ml of HMGB1 polyclonal antibody(HMGB1 PcAb) and its isotype control rabbit IgG antibodies,0.03,0.1,0.3 μg/ml rhHMGB1 and its control PBS,were added into culture supernatant respectively,then luciferase activity was detected after 48 h;Similarly,0.25 μg/ml HMGB1 PcAb and the isotype control antibody,0.3 μg/ml rhH-MGB1 and the control PBS were added to the culture supernatant of MT2 cell,the viral gene,pol1,pol2,gag,env,etc,were performed by real-time PCR.Results Culture supernatant HMGB1 levels has no significant difference between HTLV-1 positive cells MT2 and MT4 and the other two virus-negative T cell lines;Compared with isotype control antibody group,the culture supernatant,to which is added 0.25 μg/ml HMGB1 PcAb,can significantly inhibit the HTLV-1-LTR transcriptional activity and suppress the expressions of the viral gene pol1,pol2,gag,env.Compared with the control PBS,0.3 μg/ml rhHMGB1 significantly promotes the transcriptional activity of the HTLV-1-LTR and the expressions of the viral gene pol1,pol2,gag,env.Conclusion The extracellular HMGB1 can promote viral replication of HTLV-1 infected T cells.

Adult ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; etiology ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; complications

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To analyze MRI features of different cervical flexion positions in Hirayama disease (HD) and discuss the effects on these features by different cervical flexion angles.Methods The cervical MR images of neutral and different flexion positions (20°, 25°, 30°, 35° ,40°) of 20 patients, who were clinically diagnosed as HD,were studied.At flexion positions, the appearance of anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal and widening of epidural space was recorded.The maximum sagittal diameters (d) of widened cervical epidural space and the cervical canal sagittal diameters (D) on the same level were measured to calculate d/D value for quantitative evaluation of the two signs.Comparisons of appearance of the signs among different flexion positions were made using F/sher's exact test.Repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) was used to compare mean d/D values among groups with different positions, and paired comparisons were also performed.Results The appearance of anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal were different between 20° group (70%, 14/20) and other 4 larger angles groups (100%) (χ2 =5.76, P=0.020).The d/D values were 0.51±0.06,0.54±0.08,0.57±0.09,0.61±0.09,0.59±0.07 respectively at abovementioned 5 flexion positions, which were different among groups( F = 3.450 ,P = 0.013 ).The value was greater at 35° than that at 20° and 25°( P <0.05 ), and it was also greater at 40° than that at 20° ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Cervical flexion angle has an effect on anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal and widening of epidural space.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity of cetuximab induced apoptosis in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells Hep-2, and to evaluate the synergistic killing effects and regulation mechanism of cetuximab alone or cetuximab in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin) or radiation means on Hep-2 cells. METHOD: To investigate the cytotoxicities of cetuximab, cisplatin and radiation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used for the detection of cell growth inhibition ratio, and fluorescence activated cell sorter FACS for the apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution. RESULT: Cetuximab had inhibitive effect on Hep-2 cells within a certain range of concentration in a time- and dose-dependence manner. The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of cetuximab on Hep-2 cells for 24 h was 1 036.84 microg/ml. For application of cisplatin and radiation, the apoptotic rate of Hep-2 cell was higher by combining with cetuximab than their single or combined administration. Moreover, the cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION Laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells was sensitive to the cetuximab induced apoptosis. Cetuximab combined with cisplatin and/or radiation can increase the antiproliferative effects on Hep-2 cells. These findings suggest the synergistic combination of cetuximab and cytotoxic agents was sequence depended.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cetuximab ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans