0.05).The activity of Na~+-K~+ ATPase in SMO group was significantly higher than that in HTK group at 72 h(P

Objective To analyze the serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase level among apparently healthy school children and adolescents in Heilongjiang Province and establish the reference intervals in different gender and different age groups .Methods Random sample of 2 101 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was collected from different district of Heilongjiang Province including Harbin and Mudanjiang from July 2008 to June 2009 .The fasting venous blood was collected and serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phos-phatase concentration was measured as soon as possible .After screening outlier individual , a total of 2 091 subjects were enrolled.The reference intervals of serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase for healthy school children and adolescents were established by gender and age ( P2.5 to P97.5 ) .Results The change tendency of serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase with age and sex were presented .All these parameters had shown inverse relationship with age and were significantly higher in boys than girls (P<0.001).Serum calcium, phosphate of both sexes and serum alkaline phosphatase of girls declined progressively with age .However , the highest alkaline phosphatase level was seen at 13 years in boys.Alkaline phosphatase showed a positive correlation with age before 13 years of age , but after that alkaline phosphatase started to decline .Conclusions Reference in-tervals of serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase for healthy school children and adolescents in Hei -longjiang Province in the age group of 9-18 years were presented , which supply good reference value for clinicians especially pediatricians to interpret the results of school children and adolescents and make decision .

Objective To evaluate the predictive accuracy of several risk-assessment strategies to predict the risk of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and to establish the best prediction model.Methods The transcutancous bilirubin (TcB) levels of 4907 term and near-team infants were measured.Trace blood bilirubin levels of the infants whose TcB levels ≥250 μmol/L were detected. Clinical data of newborns and their mothers were collected and were analyzed with Logistic regression model to investigate its correlation with signifrcant hyperbilirubinemia. Clinical high risk factors of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were determined. Accuracy of three prediction methods for significant hyperbilirubinemia was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The three methods included: whether predischarge bilirubin level (within 72 hours after birth) expressed in risk zone on an hour-specific bilirubin nomogram; clinical risk factors other than predischarge bilirubin level; and combination of the predischarge bilirubin risk zone and other clinical risk factors. Results Two hundred and eighty-six newborns (5.8%) were found with significant hyperbilirubinemia. The risk factors of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were divided into three groups according to OR: (1) Major risk factors:predischarge (within 72 hours after birth) bilirubin level in the high risk-zone (OR=96. 39, 95% CI:53.32-174.27, P = 0. 000), large cephalohematoma (OR = 36.45, 95% CI: 10. 02-132.56,P=0. 0076), gestational age 35-36+6 weeks (OR= 30. 72, 95% CI 14.47-65.23, P=0. 0001) and exclusive breast feeding and weight loss was ＞9% of birth-weight (OR=22.44, 95% CI: 4.42-114. 03, P=0. 0016). (2) Minor risk factors: gestational age 37-37+6 weeks (OR=3.26, 95% CI:1.92-5. 55, P=0. 0232), predischarge bilirubin level in P76-P95(OR=13. 64, 95% CI: 8. 10-22.97,P=0. 0001) and bruising (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.14-4.71, P = 0. 0497). (3)Protective factors (those factors associated with decreased risk of hyperbilirubinemia): predischarge bilirubin level in low-risk zone (≤P40) (OR=0. 00), gestational age ≥40 weeks (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.44,P=0. 0402) and mixed breeding (OR=0. 75, 95% CI: 0. 58-0.95, P=0.0059). The area under the ROC curve of predischarge bilirubin level was 0. 8687 and 0. 7375 for clinical risk factors other than predischarge bilirubin level. The area under the ROC curve of a combination of the predischarge bilirubin risk zone and additional clinical risk factors was 0. 9367. Conclusions The risk of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia could be simply and accurately predicted by infant's predischarge bilirubin level and the combination of predischarge bilirubin level, and clinical risk factors might improve the accuracy of prediction significantly.

Objective Toexplore the correlation of ApoE gene polymorphism and serum uric acid levels in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China.Methods A case-control study.October 2011 to November 2011, five hundred twenty eight ( 296 male, 232 female ) apparently healthy individuals were studied.Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed by standard operation procedure.Fasting blood was collected for biochemistry testing including serum lipid parameters , uric acid concentration and creatinine levels.The multi-ARMS PCR was applied to determine ApoE genotypes ,and the relation of ApoE genotypes with serum lipid parameters and uric acid levels were analyzed.Non-normal distribution were compared using cause and inspection.Results The common six kinds of ApoE genotype can be detected.The total cholesterol ( TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) and uric acid ( UA) levels in different genotype subgroups had statistical differences.The individuals with ε2/3 genotype had a significantly greater reductions in TC and LDL-C levels but increment in uric acid concentration than those withε3/3 and ε3/4 genotype (P<0.05).The effect of ApoE gene polymorphism on uric acid levels still remained significantly after adjustment for age , gender , region and other factors.Conclusion The ApoE polymorphism is associated with serum uric acid levels and individuals with ε2 allele have higher serum uric acid levels.

To explore the feasibility of chemical and biological method in evaluation of the in vitro dissolution rate of Liuwei Wuling tablet (LWT), this experiment investigated the inhibitory effect of LWT dissolving solutions on LX-2 hepatic stellate cells in 0.1% SDS dissolution medium in different dissolving periods. From these results, the cumulative dissolution rate of LWT was obtained based on the cell inhibitory rate. The dissolution rates of deoxyschizandrin, phillyrin, and Specnuezhenide were determined by HPLC method. A novel approach of self-defined weighting coefficient had been created to establish the integrated dissolution rate model. Then f2 similar factor method was used to evaluate the relevance of these two methods. The results showed that f2 values for deoxyschizandrin, phillyrin, Specnuezhenide, and the integrated dissolution were 61, 43, 61 and 75 respectively, indicating that the dissolution of multi-component integration could fully reflect the biological potency of the whole recipe. The dissolution evaluation method for multicomponent integration based on biological activity is expected to be one of the effective means for in vitro dissolution test of LWT.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Quality Control ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry

To study the influence of stir-baked with sand on active ingredients, diarrhea and hepatoprotection of Herpetospermum caudigerum, the contents of herperione and herpetin in H. caudigerum before and after stir-baking with sand were analyzed by HPLC. The effect of stir-baked with sand on diarrhea of H. caudigerum TL was evaluated using the mean stool rate (MSR) and mean diarrheal index ( MDI) and the influence of stir-baked with sand on hepatoprotective effect of H. caudigerum TL was examined using a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury based on the analysis of serum ALT and AST activities. The results of HPLC analysis showed the content of herperione in H. caudigerum after stir-baking with sand decreased by 40.9% (P < 0.01) and the content of herpetin had no change. Pharmacodynamic results showed that the MSR and MDI of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL after stir-baking with sand were significantly lower than that of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL without stir-baking with sand; The high-dose and middle-dose of H. caudigerum TL with/without stir-baking with sand significantly alleviated liver injury as indicated by the decreased levels of serum ALT and AST, but the ALT and AST levels of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL after stir-baking with sand were higher than that of H. caudigerum TL without stir-baking with sand. The results revealed that the stir-baking with sand could effectively relieve diarrhea effect of H. caudigerum TL, while it also reduces the hepatoprotection of H. caudigerum TL.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cooking ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology

Objective This paper aims at establishing a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) method for quantification and evaluation of iodine in human urine and serum in routine clinical laboratory .Methods This study was methodology validation research on iodine evaluation using ICP-MS.Ammonia, isopropanol and ultrapure water were mixed at certain ratio to dilute samples in the ratio of 1:10, and then the diluted samples were analyzed by ICP -MS.Re was used as the internal standard.And linearity, lower limit of detection, recovery, precision, accuracy, carryover and stability was evaluated thoroughly .Results of iodine of pregnant women who required iodine tests were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the status of iodine .Results The method only needs 30s for analysis of one sample .It was sensitive with a lower limit detection of 0.87μg/L, the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 9 in ten measurements.The recovery in both serum and urine was approximately 100% (95.3% -109.9%). Based on the NIST standard reference material 3668 comparison, the bias was less than 4%( -0.9% -3.9%).The inter-coefficient variation (CV) for serum iodine and urine iodine was 1.2%-3.0%, 2. 0%-2.9%, respectively;and total CV for serum iodine and urine iodine were 3.0%-3.8%, 4.1%-4.9%, respectively.The mean carryover of this method was 0.03% and iodine was stable for at least one month at -20℃ and 4℃.The urine and serum iodine for pregnant women was (154.8 ±89.7) μg/L (mean ±SD),(75.8 ±21.4) μg/L, respectively.The correlation between urine and serum iodine was 0.21. Conclusion Establishe a rapid and simple ICP -MS method for urine and serum iodine measurement with high accurate and precise in routine clinical laboratory .

Objective To investigate the synergistic therapy effects of B and T lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA) extracellular domain in combination with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-TC-1 antigen peptide complex on the mouse model of cervical cancer and the related immunological mechanisms. Methods(1)Detecting the BTLA and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) gene expression in the tumor microenvironment after C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with TC-1 tumor cells by realtime PCR; BTLA,HVEM expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes cell surface were detected by flow cytometry (fluorescence intensity). (2) According to different treatments, tumor-bearing mice were divided into 5 groups, which was injected with pcDNA3. 1 (empty vector plasmid as control), psBTLA (vector plasmid which expresses BTLA extracellular domain), HSP70 (HSP70-TC-1 cell peptide complex), HSP70 +pcDNA3.1 or HSP70 + psBTLA, respectively. The weight of tumor was recorded. The expression of immunoregulatory genes in tumor microenvironment were detected. The change of lymphocyte amount and cytotoxicity were detected too; lymphocyte proliferation activity was measured by tritium thymidine incorporation assay; the concentration of interleukin (IL) 2 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in supernatants of spleen lymphocyte were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) BTLA gene expression was gradually increased after tumor cells inoculation. The highest expression level was 2. 83 + 0. 35 at 14th day, which had statistical significance difference with the 7th day expression of 1.66±0. 25 (P < 0. 05). While HVEM mRNA expression did not change significantly (P > 0. 05). The 7th and 14th day after TC-1 cells inoculation, the average fluorescence intensity of BTLA expression on the surface of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was 33.5 and 51.8, respectively, in which there was statistically significant difference (P <0. 05); while the difference of HVEM expression was not statistically significant (57. 2 vs 49. 3 ,P >0. 05). (2)The 28th day after inoculation, tumor inhibition rate of HSP70 + psBTLA group was 88%, which was significantly higher than other treatment groups (P <0. 05). The 28th day after TC-1 cells inoculation, combination therapy not only promoted IFN-γ and IL-2 gene (3. 12 + 0.71,3.20 + 0. 62)expression but also reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Foxp3 and IL-10 expression (0. 25±0. 03,0. 19 +0. 03,0. 31 +0. 04;P <0. 05). It also promoted CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration(52 +6)/high power field, cytotoxicity (65.5±2.4) %, proliferation (15.0 × 103 cpm) and cytokine IL-2 , IFN-γsecretion(824±51), (1096±112) pg/ml, which were all significantly higher than other groups (P <0. 05). Conclusion The effect of immunotherapy on tumor can be augmented by the combination of psBTLA which expresses extracellular domain of BTLA and HSP70-TC-1 tumor antigen peptide complex,which could improve the expression of the related immunoregulatory genes to establish a much better microenvironment in favor of anti-tumor immune response against the mice model of the cervix carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo analyze the serum creatinine level among apparently healthy primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia and explore the distribution of serum creatinine by ethnic,regional,gender and age,and establish the reference interval of serum creatinine in different gender and different age groups of primary and secondary school students.MethodsLargesample clinical epidemiological investigation was applied by two-stage clustering sampling method.Random sample of 2630 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was selected from four district in Inner Mongolia including Hohhot,Wulanchabu,Xilin Gol and Bayan Drow from July 2009 to June 2010.After screening outlier individual,the total of 2614 subjects were enrolled,involving 1288 male and 1326 female subjects,1584 Han and1030 Mongolian.The venous blood was collected and serum was separated.The serum creatinine concentration was measured as soon as possible.Furthermore, creatinine levels of different regions,ethnic,gender and age group were compared by analysis of variance or t-test and that of different group were compared by SNK method.Percentile was used to describe the distribution of serum Cr level of different age groups.The reference interval of serum Cr for primary and secondary school students were established by gender and age (P2.5 -P97.5 ).The curve was smoothed using age-specific percentile ( LMS )curve smoothing method.ResultsThe differences of Cr levels were statistically significant between different regions,ethnic,gender and age groups.The reference intervals of creatinine for 9 - 11,12,13 - 14,15,and 16 - 18 year-old males were 35 - 66,37 - 73,39 - 78,47 - 87 and 49 - 91 μmol/L,respectively.The intervals for 9 - 10,11 - 12,13 - 15,and 16 - 18 year-old females were 32 - 60,34 - 63,38 -73 and 40 -74 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion The reference intervals of serum creatinine for health primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia is established,which is useful for clinicians,especially pediatricians to judge and assess renal function for 9 to 18 year-old patients.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:805-809 )

To investigate the absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs in rat different intestinal segments and compared with the absorption of Cu B suspension. The in vitro everted gut sacs model was established to study the absorption characteristics of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and the content of cucurbitacin B was detected by HPLC method, and the effects of concentrations on intestinal absorption were evaluated as well. The results showed that the absorption of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was linearity at different intestine segment and different concentrations (R2 > 0.9), which was consistent with zero order rate process. The Ka of different intestine segments showed a concentration-dependent increasing along with the raised concentration of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs, indicating that it was likely to be a mechanism of passive absorption. The best absorption site of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was ileum, and its absorptions in different intestinal segments were superior to cucurbitacin B suspension. SDC/PLC-MMs could significantly enhance the intestinal absorption of cucurbitacin B, and the study of intestinal absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs had gave a support to its further reasonable solidfication.
Animals ; Deoxycholic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Male ; Micelles ; Nanoparticles ; Phospholipids ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics